Pirke yokuhlola: ukufunda, kokuhlaziywa

Isifo sofuba - impela isifo ezivamile ezithathelwanayo engatholakala cishe noma kuphi emhlabeni. Lesi sifo kungavuka ngenxa ukungenisa amagciwane ahlukahlukene noma imbewu eletha Koch sika. Ukugula ngokuvamile wadluliselwa amaconsi sisemoyeni futhi izimpawu esindayo, okuyilezi:

• isiyezi;
• ukukhwehlela ezimanzi;
• ukukhwehlela igazi;
• ngenxa yobuthakathaka;
• umkhuhlane;
• ngamabomu kwesisindo;
• nokujuluka ebusuku.

Tuberculin musa contraindicated ebukhoneni izifo ezihlukahlukene isikhumba, nokungezwani komzimba nezinto, isifuba somoya, isifo sokuwa, izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ungalenzi isampula futhi inyanga eyodwa ngemuva ujova immunoglobulin noma isampula begazi.

ekuxilongweni kwe-TB

Ngesisekelo igunya, okuyinto kabana sofuba - ulula. Ezinye izitho zangaphakathi ahlupheke ngempela ezingavamile kulesi sifo. Okungenzeka ukuxilonga sofuba usebenzisa fluoroscopy, CT (ngekhompyutha tomography), izithombe ze-X ray, tuberculin isikhumba test (Pirquet Assay) kanye nezinye izinhlobo zocwaningo. Ukuze ukuxilonga lokugoma Kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka lesi sifo.

Kuyini ukusabela ukuba patch ukuhlolwa?

Eyodwa yezindlela zocwaningo zokuvimbela ezinganeni TB Pirke isampula. Lokhu kuhlola immunological angabonisa uma kukhona umzimba ezikhulayo, ngisho kusaqalwa igciwane le-TB. Indlela Abasabela Ngayo ukubukeka ukusabela tuberculin ngokuthi Pirke, futhi ichaza ezifweni omzimba sofuba Mycobacterium. Pirke isampuli futhi wenza kanti isiguli kakade i age group omdala njengoba ukuhlaziywa ukulawula sokuhlola ukuphumelela ukwelashwa.

Ukwakheka isampuli

Ukwakheka isampuli engena tuberculin - a akhiphe obalulekile kusuka ngomhla ka wabhubhisa bacilli Koch, yasungulwa emuva 1890 udokotela German uRobert Koch wakwazi. Kuyinto lokhu Udokotela kwavele owathola izifo ezifana nesifo sofuba. Hood esetshenziswa ekuqaleni ngo-1907. Ekuqaleni, Athambisa isikhumba futhi ubukele ukuphendula, futhi ngemva tuberculin waqala ukuzama ukuba iphathwe phansi kwesikhumba.

Namuhla Pirke isampula kabani Ukwakheka kuhlanganisa nenye wabulala mycobacteria isiko filtrate ezinhlobo womuntu kanye sezinkomo, kukhona eziningi abantu bobudala obuhlukahlukene. Ngaphandle esebenzayo izidakamizwa core - tuberculin Pirquet isampula kuhlanganisa enjalo izinto ezengeziwe:

• nosawoti kwe-phosphate isixazululo sesikhana ;
• i-sodium chloride.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?

Umgomo we operation isampula kabani Ukwakheka kusekelwe tuberculin, kuyinto isicelo cutaneous zomuthi. Isikhumba ibhodi lemisindo noma ehlombe disinfected kahle carbolic acid kuphela, ngoba izidakamizwa notshwala ezisekelwe oshiywe amaprotheni isikhumba, okuyinto engathandeki sokuba ukuhlaziywa ubumsulwa. I sebeziqhumbuza eyenziwe isikhumba usebenzisa ezingekho ngaphezu 5 mm ukujula ezikuhlabayo. Isiguli kungase kudingeke ulinde imizuzu emi-5, kuze isixazululo amuncwa umzimba futhi okusele ngobumnene Sula ithawula ephepheni. Emva inqubo, ukuqapha isiguli olwenziwa amahora 48 nokuhlaziwa sokusabela ejenti.

Ngenxa tuberculin esikhundleni ekuqaleni kuphakama ukuvuvukala ethize (papule) okuyinto esibangelwa ekuqongeleleni T-lymphocyte. Kuyinto lezi egazi banesibopho TB amasosha omzimba. Isikhumba ungashintsha umbala kanye kwabantu kule papules. Le ndlela uphethwe isetshenziswa akuvamile ngenxa ulwazi nokuqukethwe kwalo ongaphakeme nekghono ongaphakeme zokuxilonga. hhayi Kunconywa ngemuva kokuphela kwesivivinyo naphambi Imiphumela benziwa:

• cwilisa indawo lapho isampula wathathwa;
• Sula papule izidakamizwa noma yokugcoba ezihlukahlukene;
• papule unamathelise usimende;
• nekama noma izinyembezi.

Imiphumela

Ngokwesilinganiso, lapho ukuhlolwa Pirke, kokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela wenziwa emva kwezinsuku 2-3, ie 48-72 amahora. Endaweni lapho imihuzuko, kwakukhona focus yokucasuka ezenziwe. izindawo yakhe kukalwa odokotela. Imiphumela ihlukaniswa ngakho lapho Pirquet isampula:

• izinga waphawula ubuncani exponent metering papules (ngokwesilinganiso kuze 5 mm);
• sibalo 3 mm kubonisa isidingo kabusha yokugoma futhi kabusha ukushukuma Assay yi;
• uma kutholakala papule anobukhulu kusuka 4 kuya ku-10 mm, kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka ngesifo sofuba noma isidalwa esingumuntu e iqembu ingozi (isb ukuhlala unomphela nabo lomuntu onegciwane);
• Uma ukuluma isikhungo unamahlangothi kusuka 10 kuya ku-15 mm noma unezilonda wathola kusayithi yokugoma, le nkomba kusikisela awokuthi sofuba ukutheleleka.

isivivinyo Waphothula

Lolu hlobo cwaningo ngcono kanye cutaneous isicelo umkhiqizo nge imihuzuko eziningana. Ngokungafani version bendabuko cwaningo, isampuli letihlungiwe ukucacisa umehluko value zokuxilonga enqubeni ukunquma ubunjalo yokungezwani komzimba ukuze tuberculin. Skin sokuhlola wenziwa ngokusebenzisa kuya tuberculin isikhumba nge 100%, 25%, 5% no 1% okuhlushwa. Ukulungiselela kwesikhumba wenziwa ngendlela efanayo njengoba bendabuko eliyifa Pirke isampula. I sebeziqhumbuza zisetshenziswa ngokuqinile ukuze, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ezihlukahlukene pipette emakiwe. Ukuze isiguli ngasinye zisebenzisa izinto oyinyumba kuphela. Ngemva ukubonakala 'roll elimhlophe "ungakwazi ukususa izinsalela tuberculin. Lolu hlobo lwe-uphethwe uvame kwenziwe ukuze sithole ukuphumelela ekwelapheni isifo sofuba.

Imiphumela letihlungiwe isampula

Skin sokuhlola iziqu Grinchara Karpilovskaya sibukeze ngemva kwamahora angu-48-72 ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Hlukanisa ukusabela okunjalo ukuba lokuhlala ezihlukahlukene tuberculin:

• ukuphendula anergic (akukho ukusabela isampuli);
• ukuphendula nonspecific (angabuka lokungenani a ububomvu omncane isampula-100% lokuhlushwa ikhambi) ;
• normergicheskaya yokusabela (ngokulinganisela impendulo waphawula umzimba ukuze tuberculin nekuphendvula isampuli ne-5% no 1% ingxube lumane);
• ukuphendula hyperergic (umphumela libhekene impendulo zonke izinhlobo amasampula, ayanda lokuhlushwa isisombululo tuberculin, aba maningi impendulo);
• nokulingana uhlobo yokusabela (wenza zonke amasampula ube papules esifanayo, imibala yesikhumba nobukhulu foci ukuvuvukala);
• ukuphendula nakuba (at lokuhlushwa ephakeme e isampula tuberculin waphawula ukuphendula evelele).

Ngakho, siye sahlola indlela uphethwe njengoba Pirke isampula. Umphumela ke alikhulumi kwasendaweni lesi sifo emzimbeni, noma ikhono lomuntu ukuthelela abantu enempilo. Nguye kuphela kubonisa indlela esisabela ngayo lapho i-ejenti causative isifo sofuba. Pirke isampula (Mantoux test - okunye yayo) kubhekwa amandla ingane.