Igazi yokuhlola: PDW okulotshiweyo (kuyinsakavukela futhi ukuphambuka)

Kunzima ukuthola umuntu ongalokothi ekuphileni kwakhe kwakungeke ebhekene isidingo banikele segazi. Incazelo PDW kungaholela ukudideka. Cishe, abaningi lokhu musa ngisho zizwile. Qedela segazi - ubuncane eziyisisekelo yikuphi ukuhlola ngesikhathi izivivinyo zokuvimbela, ngaphambi kokuqala noma iyiphi inqubo yokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kanye ukubhalisa ukukhulelwa. Lolu cwaningo lunikeza isithombe esibanzi isimo sempilo yomuntu: izinqubo ukuvuvukala futhi ezithathelwanayo, futhi igazi. Ngakho lokho izinkomba kusho ukuhlaziywa emitholampilo igazi njengoba ijwayelekile ngezindlebe zethu, akunjalo?

Kuyini ukuhlolwa igazi?

Igazi - iwuketshezi zokwakheka lingena kuwo wonke amangqamuzana zomzimba womuntu. It ayahamba ngokusebenzisa umzimba wethu, ngakho isimo sakhe kanye nezinkomba zamakhemikhali, ungabona kahle kanjani umzimba wethu. Ngokwe-ukuhlaziywa udokotela Uhlaziya indlela yokuqhuba lezi, noma ezinye izitho neenkambiso. Esikhathini igazi, kukhona izinhlobo ezithile zamakhemikhali, lizinga lapho kuyinkomba for onguchwepheshe. Igazi zingafundwa capillary kanye emithambo yegazi. Ngakho, sokunikela lokuqala umunwe, kanti owesibili - kusukela emthanjeni. Ukuhlolwa ezivamile kuyinto kwegazi ezivamile. Zikhona nezinye izifundo eziningi uketshezi begazi, lapho ungabona ezingeni ushukela kuwo, inani lama-hormone kudingekile, isimo kwesibindi kanye nezinye izitho. Ikakhulukazi sinake ochwepheshe elithile elithwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Yena, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umuntu, njengoba usinika zonke izitho namaseli i-oksijini, ngaphandle okuyinto sebehlushwa ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali kuzo.

Kufanele I silungiselele kanjani ngakho?

Ngoba noma yisiphi laboratory ukuhlolwa kudingeka zilungiselelwe. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ungcono ukudla 8 amahora ngaphambi ukuhlaziya ngokungabali kusukela ekudleni amafutha. Ukuze uthole imiphumela ezinokwethenjelwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme ukuphuza utshwala. Ukuze kudlule ukuhlaziywa jikelele igazi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kungadingeki, njengoba kuba ulwazi ngaphandle kwalo. Okunye ukuhlola kwegazi zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ngaphambi ukuhlaziya.

Ulwazi mayelana impilo yethu ukuhlolwa igazi

I CBC kuhlanganisa elithwala umoya-mpilo, amangqamuzana amhlophe igazi amafomula kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ukubala platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation izinga, uma kudingeka - hematocrit, umbala, inkomba, isiqalo ekupheleni coagulation.

Norm kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu e ukubala igazi isigamu enhle lwesintu phakathi 4.0 - 5.0, abamele ubulili kunamandla - 4.5 kuya 5.5. Lezi zici kumiswa igazi ezingabantu ipuleti biconcave. Uhlala erythrocyte izinsuku 110-120. Inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kungenzeka evamile, okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ongaphakeme. Ukwandisa inani kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu libizwa erythrocytosis. Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ukuqina igazi, noma ukwandisa isibalo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Unciphise inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu libizwa erythropenia. Kungaba khona ngemva abalulekile ukopha.

I-hemoglobin siyingxenye ye ngokuthi ingqamuzana legazi elibomvu. Kala-ke ukuze ufunde mayelana nezinga saturation elithwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Yena igcwalisa igazi nomoya-mpilo, futhi anengxenye ebalulekile ukuphefumula. I evamile-hemoglobin Izinga amadoda kubhekwa kube inkomba yokuthi 120 170 amagremu ilitha. Ukuze abesifazane kubhekwe-hemoglobin ezingeni ejwayelekile 110 kuya 150 amagremu ilitha. Uma i-hemoglobin lesiguli kwehle, kulesi simo lithathwa njengenye kwegazi, okusikisela ukuntuleka yensimbi emzimbeni, futhi vitamin B 12.-hemoglobin Ukwandiswa akuyona njengoba kuvamile. Kungabangela amahlule, anda kuyo abasubathi nge erythrocytosis babe bantfu labahlala etindzaweni sezintaba.

Leukocyte - kukhona amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Ngokuvamile, inombolo zokhahlamba kusuka 4 kuya 9. umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko - Ukuvikelwa. Ngo umdlavuza ukuvuvukala, ezithathelwanayo kanye oncological, lesi sibalo liphuma libizwa leukocytosis. Uma amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kancane kunokujwayelekile ke kulesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi leukopenia, okuyinto eyenzeka emva nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kwehle amasosha omzimba kanye nezinye pathologies emzimbeni. Inani Ubuye WBC: neutrophil, okuyinto evamile bakha-45 saya kumaphesenti angu-70 ka-leukocyte Imininingwane, ama-lymphocyte, - kusuka 19 kuya 37% monocytes, - kusuka 3 kuya ku-10 amaphesenti, eosinophils - 1-5 amaphesenti basophils - kuya ku-1%.

ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation izinga - evamile e Abesifazane balingana kusuka kwangu-1 kuya ku-15 ngehora, amadoda yena ivela amamilimitha angu ngehora 1 kuya ku-10. Yandisa ngokuvamile iningi eyabonisa focus ukuvuvukala, ezithathelwanayo kanye oncological emzimbeni.

Ama-platelet I zinengxenye uhlelo igazi coagulation, fibrinolysis. Thrombocytosis noma kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo zegazi i umzimba zingase zibe Indlela ukopha waphawula emva ukususwa ubende, ene-leukemia myeloid. Thrombocytopenia noma kwehle platelet count eyabonisa kwezinso azalwa naso futhi wathola of hematopoiesis.

Uyini PDW e ukuhlolwa igazi?

Manje sibizwa izinkomba engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezisiza udokotela ukwenza isiphetho olunembile mayelana nesimo se-impilo isiguli. Lezi zihlanganisa platelet PDW Inkomba - ukuhlolwa igazi, sokuqonda ". Platelet ukusatshalaliswa ububanzi ngendlela yabo" ezwakala njenge- Yena ephawula heterogeneity amaseli ahlukene, kuhlanganise ekushintsheni usayizi yabo. Ngamanye amazwi, amaseli weengazi babe lobehlukene, nokuthi inani macro- futhi mikrotrombotsitov kuqinisekisa lokhu ukuhlolwa igazi. Sokuqonda PDW kuyabaveza eziningi kwezinso sina emzimbeni.

amasampula egazi okufanele zithathwe esiswini esingenalutho kusukela umunwe. lonke igazi ibekwa ngamapayipi ukuhlolwa, ukuze okuyinto ingeze anticoagulant kusengaphambili. Okwamanje, ucwaningo Kwenziwa phezu analyzers, okuyinto ngaphezu le nkomba anganika ngisho 24. Kubalulekile ukudlula CBC. Sokuqonda PDW incike izimo eziningi, ezifana yokudla, sindisa, ukukhulelwa, usuku umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ngakho-ke, kufanele unikele ngegazi esiswini esingenalutho, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka, okhandlayo esindayo, hhayi ukuba afeze ucwaningo esesikhathini.

Futhi, kukhona into efana ezimali SD Inkomba PDW kwegazi. Efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo PDW-SD - Inkomba ngazo heterogeneity ka-platelet eduze ekahle yi ukunemba. SD kuleli cala - lena ukuphambuka okujwayelekile. Wakhe acabangele kulesi sibalo index.

Yini odinga ukuyazi lesi sibalo?

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba baziphathe ukuhlolwa igazi. Incazelo PDW sinenai ezibalulekile kungakanani abakwaziyo kanye nokuhlola prognostic. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokwanda kubonelelwe izifo myelodysplastic. ukuphambuka Kusuka kuyinsakavukela uvumele kwamangqamuzana igazi nezinye izifo emzimbeni.

PDW: Yini ngesilinganiso abadala?

Ngokuvamile kumuntu omdala, izinhlayiya zegazi womuntu basakazwa ivolumu ngamaphesenti angu 15-17. Le methrikhi uvumele ngeziphambeko ezincane - oyedwa amaphesenti amabili, okuyinto kuxhomeke izici ngamunye umzimba ngamanye.

Norma Inkomba izingane

Lapho emagama kuzo zonke izinkomba zokwelapha igazi ukuhlaziywa uyakucabangela yobudala lesiguli. Kuyinto ayihlukile neze futhi PDW Inkomba - ukuhlaziywa igazi, emagama, izinga izingane Kulinganiselwa uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinkomba.

Inkomba PDW akakabi ngokwanele wafunda, kodwa idatha yayo kunakwe at isiqinisekiso pathologies abaningi, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza kwezitho igazi-ukwakha futhi izinqubo ezinganeni. Ezomhlaba, okuyizinto ezivamile ezinganeni kuze iminyaka engu-18, ezisukela 10 namaphesenti angu-15 ka-inani eliphelele platelet.

PDW: Igazi ukuhlaziywa (emagama). amazinga ephakeme

Feza ucwaningo - lena kuphela kuyigxathu: ebalulekile ekufundeni efanele ukuhlolwa igazi. PDW sekukonke kwandisa pathologies ezifana:

• izinqubo ukuvuvukala;
• ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba;
• iziyaluyalu kwesibindi;
• isifo senhliziyo,
• splenectomy;
• izinqubo abulalayo, ikakhulukazi nge Ukudlulela ukuba umnkantsha;
• ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi;
• ubuthi phambili;
• anaemia abahlukahlukene;
• ukwelashwa nge corticosteroids;
• Alzheimer;
• isikhathi nasezinkingeni ezilandela ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Emzimbeni at PDW imithetho ngenhla indoda uyozizwa ukucobeka kanye ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, kungehlisa ikhono emsebenzini.

PDW: Igazi ukuhlaziywa (emagama). ezingeni encishisiwe

Ngo pathologies abaningi baba okuyikona futhi ukwelashwa okufanele kusiza ukuchaza hhayi ukwandisa kuphela kodwa futhi wehlise PDW ezingeni. Behliselwe phansi inkomba isezingeni:

• wegazi;
• ukugula ngemisebe;
• syndrome myelodysplastic;
• DIC;
• izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
• sepsis;
• isicelo cytostatics;
• anaemia megaloblastic;
• ngokoma kwesibindi, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo ezingamahlalakhona.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sethu ube nomqondo othile ngokuthi ngezinto eziningi ezibalulekile. Kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu ukubheka ulwazi lwabo ngokwanele. Unombono futhi olunzulu - hhayi into efanayo. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe siqonde ukuthi PDW - ukuhlaziywa igazi, emagama, isilinganiso kanye ukubaluleka okuyizinto owaziwa kuphela nguchwepheshe. Kumuntu yena akukho okwatholakala ezinkulu ucwaningo kanye nokusebenza kwabo akufanele akwenze, udinga ukuya esibhedlela.