Imfundo:Umlando

Prince Mal Drevlyansky. Prince Igor no-Prince Mal

Umlando wezwe lethu sigcwele izimfihlakalo izimfihlo, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ososayensi babe ibangele izinkinga omkhulu eyabhalwa Nestor "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". It njalo ezinye nokushintshashintsha kanye ezibukweni, kodwa amaningana eminyaka, mlando nabavubukuli basafunda ke ngokwanele sina. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi zivulwa kuphambene konke esibaziyo.

Okusanda emphakathini yesayensi kukhona inguqulo entsha ukubukeka lwamaSlav futhi indima Drevlyansky izizwe kwetinhlavu isimo. Yebo, yebo, wena wezwa ilungelo - ke izizwe Drevlyansky. Iningi labo uncome Prince Igor futhi ngokukhohlisa wambulala. A esingenalukholo ke? Ake sibheke umlando kusuka engela ukuhluka.

"Tale of esidlule Iminyaka": indaba olusemthethweni

AmaRashiya Modern cishe wazi lutho ngobani Mal kokwesikhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwaba kahle owaziwa futhi onethonya emlandweni encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla lasendulo ngakho kunzima ngempela ukuthola ukuphathwa. Okuwukuphela eyaziwa konke ukuphathwa kwegama Lo "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", elichaza inkhulumomphendvulwano emkhatsini isikhulu isikhulu Igor Maly. Ngenxa yalokho, Drevlyansky umbusi wahola ukuvukela futhi abulala cishe bengahlomile isikhulu Russian. Bese enye futhi woo nomkakhe, u-Olga, okuyiwona wakhokha abantu bakhe ukuphila kwakhe.

Indaba sad, akunjalo? Ikakhulukazi encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla Russian noma ngaphambi naleso sikhathi, noma emva isikhulu Mal Drevlyansky engashiwongo. Sikanye isimo sabo, ngokuvumelana mlando, nakuba nje wanyamalala. Kodwa empeleni, lokhu kumane kungavumi, futhi noma yimuphi umuntu ofundile ozokubona incazelo amaqiniso angokomlando ezinye innuendo.

Yiqiniso, ukuze bayihlole le futhi ukuthola iqiniso kunzima. I ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinto ezingamanga uthuli eminyakeni kunzima ukubona izenzakalo zangempela, kodwa ungakwazi kuphela hypothesize. Nokho, thina namanje zama ukuqoqa imvuthuluka we ukwaziswa okuvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, ukuze ngikubikele wayengubani ngempela Prince Mal nabantu bakhe, ngesiHeberu ebizwa ngokuthi "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" sasendle sasendulo.

Drevlyans: emlandweni wabantu nendawo

Uma uthatha ibalazwe lesimanje, i-nendawo eyayikade Drevlyane uyowa nje Zhytomyr esifundeni. Futhi inhloko-dolobha isimo sasendulo sasibhalwa Iskorosten edolobheni, manje eselaziwa ngaphansi kwegama Korosten. Khumbula ukuthi wedolobhakazi ayibalulekile ikude Kiev. Leli qiniso ngeke ke Usazoba usizo kakhulu.

Ekhuluma ngomsuka Drevlyane eyaziwa okungaka. Ngokusho kwenye version, Mal isikhulu - inzalo abantu Dulebs, futhi ngakolunye, babe drevlyans liyahlukana kube namanye lesizwe sabantwana Goths, azinza kulezi amahlathi, futhi wafuna ngazo zonke izindlela ukuba silondoloze uphawu lwabo. Esivuna enguqulweni yakamuva esashiwo ososayensi abaningi, ngoba ukuthi izizwe sebekufanelekela kulomhlaba, liye eyaziwa isikhathi eside.

Ngaphandle Goths okukholakala ukuthi inzalo kakhokho lasendulo futhi enamandla Amala, akumangalisi ukuthi isikhulu Mal Drevlyane okwethulwa zemihla Russian cishe olubi, acabange ukuthi ulingana Princess Olga nangekutetsemba wacela isandla sakhe. Kuyinto leli qiniso liye njalo ososayensi udidekile cha perceive Princess Drevlyansky umbusi njengomuntu ofana nabo, ngoba ngeke ukuxhumana Embassy of it nokuziphatha yimuphi izingxoxo. It mlando njalo uye eziphoqelelwe wacabanga wafihla umsuka isikhulu etusekayo imithombo lasendulo.

Izazi-mlando eziningi ezazini eziye zahlola ngokuhlanganyela zemihla ngemihla lasendulo, wafinyelela esiphethweni ethusayo - Drevlyansky ubukhulu nge Iskorosten kwamiswa besebancane Kiev waqaphela njengoba umsunguli isimo Russian. Uma ukholwa ukuthi leli version ke Kiev yasungulwa njengoba idolobha ukuhweba, futhi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, lapha inhloko-dolobha ubukhulu Kwangithinta kakhulu lokho. Kodwa umbusi wahlala Drevlyansky Prince Askold, owayengifundela i ukuhweba asebenzayo athonya abantu ebuKristwini.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi drevlyans babe amaqaba, futhi ezintsha ezifana Prince abazange uthanda. Ngenxa Uzungu wabulawa Askold Prince Oleg, ingane, uyise Igor, futhi drevlyans abangu ekhokhwa intela futhi empeleni jikisa akhonze Kiev. Ukubuka engavamile yomlando, akunjalo? Kulesi ukukhanya, yonke imicimbi okwalandela zibonakala zihluke kakhulu ukwedlula abaxoxela Nestor.

Lozalo Prince Mal

Prince Mal Drevlyansky kwaba yomndeni yizicukuthwane kakhulu. Lokhu kuboniswa ingxenye ezigcinwe zemihla ngemihla Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Ngeshwa, akuvezi drevlyans zemihla. Lokhu kwavumela Nestor ukuba ababheke abantu zasendle kakhulu, kodwa izazi-mlando zanamuhla, leli qiniso bayamangala kakhulu futhi yenza iqalisa ucinge izizathu izimbangela nandaba nomlando wayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi akukho emthonjeni owodwa ebhaliwe ku Drevlyansky ulimi eyaziwa, nakuba izizwe kunalokho ngenkuthalo babexhumana ezivulekile, naseVolyn nezinye omakhelwane, eyayinawo iskripthi watshela kuze kube manje olunye ulwazi mayelana drevlyans.

Ngokusho la ubufakazi, isikhulu Mal kuyinto ozalweni Kiya, ngubani wakhethwa ukubusa Kyïv City Council. Zonke drevlyans baka omkhulu Beloyarov Krivorga, owakwazi walala izinqaba eziningana ukulwela emazweni enkulukazi ubukhulu. Igama elithi "drevlyans" akuyona toponymic, izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi lavelaphi izizwe ezingomakhelwane. Bebukela omakhelwane babo asabekayo ikakhulukazi emangazwa isifiso sabo ukuba azinze aminyene kakhulu. kwavela Ngakho igama kubantu liye lasinda kuze kube namuhla.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokusho izincazelo ezingefani kubo drevlyans amandla ngendlela emangalisayo futhi impilo. izikhulu zabo zazihluke kakhulu okusezingeni eliphezulu nabantu ebuthaka, bahamba wodwa nebhere futhi ayikwazanga emshaya izandla zami elingenalutho. Mala ukhokho Prince Warrior ngenkuthalo wasungula inqaba futhi wabalwela ubunye abantu babo. Futhi egameni Yartur Umkhulu phathelana cishe afundise umzukulu wakhe njengoba uyise Mala wafa ngaphambi kokuba azalwe namanje ekuzingeleni. Mayelana unina noyise Prince Drevlyansky lutho yaziwa, ezicacisa kuphela ngokuqondene umsuka mlando kanyoko Prince Mal. Impela ungudadewethu, indodakazi Yartura, ngakho isikhulu abasha kusuka ebuntwaneni ezikhuliswa kumkhulu wakhe emasikweni abantu bakhe.

Life kanye namasiko Drevlyane

Amasiko nemikhuba Drevlyane ngasinda ulwazi njengoba kusele izingxenyana kanye kunalokho eziphikisa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi drevlyans wamukela isithembu futhi omakoti ngokuvamile ezebiwe izizwe ezingomakhelwane. Ayehlala endaweni yabantu semi dugouts, eyayibonakala eyayihambisana Log izindlu kusukela izingodo lonke. Komunye umuzi kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu amahlanu, futhi igcinwe yonke nokudla wahlala imfuyo. Kwakuyisiko ebugqilini tribal, eqinile neziboshwa enempilo bathunyelwa ngehlise ihlathi bese wakha inqaba.

I isithombe esimbi is, eqinisweni singasho ukuthi imikhuba echazwe acace zakwa emuva kakhulu futhi empini. Nokho, musa ukwenza iziphetho ngokuphamazela, ulwazi lwethu kungaba umqondo wakho mayelana drevlyans. Ngokwesibonelo, iyiphi inceku waba ngumuntu mahhala futhi angakhetha lapho iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. Abanye babuyela ezweni lakubo, kanti abanye wakhetha umfazi futhi baba amalungu esizwe. Kodwa ukuba abe namakhosikazi athandwa eziningana, zazingenakukwazi ke drevlyans ukhawule uhlanga alien. Nzalo sowezizwe alikwazanga ngaphezu Drevlyane purebred.

Legend ngokweba amantombazane futhi ngempela akubukeki umbono wesabeka kangaka. Drevlyans ungase Snitch umakoti kuphela kwemvume yakhe. Ngokuvamile ngoMeyi, umakoti iphutha ngenkathi edlelweni elikhulu elalibuthene intsha, abadala ubuhle kweminyaka ethize. Lapho kukhona kukhethwa umngane wokuphila, wafinyelela endlini yendoda yakhe, okuyinto kwadingeka ukuba bafakaze abadala. Umshado kuleli qophelo owawuse isiboshwa.

Mhlawumbe Okumangazayo abantu yesimanje, kodwa akakwazanga ukuthola drevlyans isehlukaniso. Njengoba umshado kwakubhekwa njengesenzo omdala futhi insizwa ukukhonza esizweni. Abadala emshadweni sibhekelela indaba okuqukethwe nonkosikazi wakhe nezingane ongakazalwa. Uma indoda kwephula le mithetho, babengabhekwa njengabagijimi ukubeka at the service of umndeni wakhe kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Kwezinye izimo-ke exoshwa isizwe nowesifazane wacosha umyeni entsha. Umuntu angase abe abafazi abaningi ngokuthanda avunyelwe imali yakhe. Uma eshona bonke abafazi Kwasakazwa phakathi kwezihlobo umyeni, kokuba kungokuvumelana.

Kakhulu wawajezisa kanzima lokubulala, ukweba, ukuphinga nazo zonke ezinye izono. Ngokwesibonelo, mayelana nokubulawa kwelungu necala eboshiwe ubuso nobuso isisulu sakhe basimbela uyaphila. Njengoba wawajezisa kanzima, kanye namanye amacala.

Engcwele ulwazi Drevlyane

Drevlyans babe amaqaba, bakholwa imimoya bemvelo nezitshalo. Nge novalo, awase ukuba kaMamre lasendulo. Ezinye izazi-mlando abasebenza kanzima inguqulo, owawuthi druids futhi drevlyans izimpande ezivamile. Ngakho eziningi ukufana engaqondile ukuza ososayensi engqondweni. Lena inkolelo ngobubona wemimoya ihlathi, ukuntuleka zolimi olubhalwayo, amasiko ngisho nolwazi nesihluku engakaze ibonwe sokuphulukiswa, ukuthandwa eye kungabi izizwana Slavic.

Cishe zonke izifo kwase baphathwe infusions amakhambi, Iziphungo namafutha. Ezinye izindlela ibhalwa amagama Drevlyane, ngasinda. On kubo ukwazi wahlulele kangakanani ulwazi olubanzi imvelo kwakungasehlane laseBeti Drevlyane.

Prince Mal: neminyaka yokuphila

Ukuze uthole usuku lokuzalwa Prince Drevlyansky, izazi-mlando kwakumelwe bazikhandle. Kukholakala ukuthi Mal wazalwa ngonyaka 890. Igama umzukulu wanika Yartur, futhi, ngokusho version, yena laqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa kokuba azalwe amancane, kodwa uqine kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi-mlando zithi lapho kuzalwa umfana idolo. Leli qiniso kusolwa yokuthi unina Mala aqathaka ihhashi lakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi umntwana ongakazalwa yokulinyazwa.

Eminye imithombo zithi umfana wazalwa amancane, kodwa enempilo kakhulu futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu nje kuphela ubudala kwehle kusuka ku ihhashi lakhe. Ngemva kwalokho, ngaqala ukutshala nokuthengisa kwelunda. Naphezu kwalokhu, isikhulu kwadingeka izici ezinhle kanye namandla emangalisayo. Thanda okhokho bakhe, yena abhekana kalula nge bear futhi ezikhathalela kakhulu nje umbusi.

Esikebheni kwakuneqembu Prince Mala lutho waziwa. "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" ingabe umuntu bayengelwa Prince Igor futhi kanzima asingatha ngayo indaba yabo, ukuvukelwa ngonyaka amakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amane nanhlanu. Ngemva konyaka, lapho ebulawa umfelokazi Igor, u-Olga, okuyinto ezine ukuze ngiphindisele kokushona komyeni wakhe. Futhi uma ifuna banciphise umfutho wamanzi kancane ujule izenzakalo zomlando ukuthi sibona?

Prince Mal: kuvukela iminyaka 945

Ngo izincwadi zomlando, umbusi, kuyakuba abhekwe njengendoda avukela igunya esisemthethweni Kiev umbusi. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kwaba kunjalo ngempela? Siyazi ukuthi Prince Igor bakanisa inkokhiso, okuyinto wakhokha njalo izizwe. Drevlyans wanikeza isikhulu sasesifikile nethimba wonke amalungiselelo kanye nokuthula kwengqondo ukuyiyekela ihambe. Kodwa Igor kwaba kancane wathola umcebo, Walingeka ingcebo Drevlyane futhi wamlalela umbusi wakhe Sveneld, bebancenga isikhulu ukuya Drevlyane emhlabeni futhi.

Indlela yokuphatha kulo? Okungenani njengoba kwesivumelwano abasenza, Izizwe inkolo kuyalandelwa. Ngaphandle Nestor aligcini nje Sveneld ubuntu, futhi kuye ukuthi kungaba kunesidingo sokukhuluma ngokuningiliziwe. Iqiniso lokuthi umbusi ayebhekwa owalandela Prince Oleg, ngokuwina kanye Drevlyane. Wayengumuntu kuhle abahahayo, nonya futhi akuzenzisi. Kodwa wakwazi ukuzakhela igama yedwa Igor futhi behlakaniphe ilungelo ukuqoqa inkokhiso evela Drevlyane. Lapha, kuvela yonke incazelo nhlekelele - ukuthola umbusi ngobuqili bakhe banquma proxy ukuze uthole okuhle kakhulu futhi engqongqoza Prince kabusha uhambo. Ngaphandle Igor wathonyelwa ukuba uhambe ekhaya squad nenkambiso hhayi ukuze wabelane inyamazane amaqhawe. Kuyini lokhu uma hhayi ukuhaha kakhulu?

Akumangazi ukuthi isikhulu Mal engeyinhle wahlangana isikhulu isiRashiya, kodwa namanje wazama usovestevit ke. Ngemva komzamo ukumisa Drevlyane ngokuphanga (futhi yilokho kanye olufana) Igor elathunjwa futhi ibulawa njengesigebengu. Ngokusho amasiko isikhathi, drevlyans ayenelungelo ajezise, owafika izwe labo le violator yesivumelwano futhi isela ukuthatha yomunye. Ngokusho imithetho lwamaSlav, lezi zenzo zisemthethweni. Kulesi ukukhanya, iSikhulu Igor Prince Mal bheka izibalo okuhluke kakhulu zomlando kuka baziyisa Nestor.

Ukubulawa kwabantu ngobuningi Drevlyane: Iqiniso Noma Indaba Eqanjiwe?

Ngokwe- "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", Prince uMalaki, by ukususa Igor, woo ukuba umfelokazi wakhe. Lokhu, uma kuphumelela, kungase ambuyisele esihlalweni sobukhosi Kiev futhi ukuphetha ukuthula esiphakade phakathi kwezizwe. Besabela kuleso simemo, Olga kabili ngizoqothulwa Drevlyansky amanxusa, kwaba kubulawa nezesabekayo wabulala amadoda okungathi izinkulungwane eziyisihlanu. Princess Landelayo wazibuza ukuthi ukuze bajeziswe Drevlyansky Prince Mal. Voivod Pretich nebutho lakhe ahlinzekwa Olga ukuba abuthele ibutho futhi ababhubhise Iskorosten nge lihlongandlebe. Yini mfelokazi owayesosizini - edolobheni ashisiwe, Drevlyane eziphoqelelwe intela entsha futhi ikhanda Prince Mal nawo kuya ezimatasa. Inganekwane enhle. Kodwa lokho kulungile kweqiniso?

Empeleni, izazi-mlando kakhulu sokungabaza ukuthi konke kuchazwe Nestor kwakuyiqiniso. Futhi kukhona yezizathu eziningana:

  • Iskorosten yema eduze Kiev (sakhuluma ngawo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko) kanye ukucekwa lenxusa lokuqala Prince Mal ayikwazanga ukwazi;
  • Abavubukuli asikwazanga ukuthola ubufakazi obuphathekayo kwabantu e Kiev futhi asitholanga amathuna abantu abaningi kangaka;
  • ngokuvumelana nemithetho isikhathi, ngisho "legazi umbango" ayikwazanga bathethelele ukubulawa amawaka amahlanu amadoda;
  • Izazi-mlando baye bathola izinkomba yokuthi ngangihlala nendodana yakhe Iskorosten Princess Olga iminyaka eyisikhombisa (futhi eqinisweni edolobheni okwakuthiwa wabhubhisa).

Konke lokhu kwaziswa kwenza nathi funa amaqiniso amasha mayelana isiphetho Drevlyansky Prince.

Ngakho lokho empeleni kwenzeka ukuze iSikhulu Small, ngemva kweminyaka engu-945?

Futhi lokhu imfihlakalo enkulu kule ndaba. Ososayensi baye hypothesized ezithi azifane kakhulu izenzakalo zangempela. Ngokomthetho "Vendetta", Princess Olga ukuba aphindisele kokushona komyeni wakhe, kodwa wayefuna ukwenza cha. Ngakho-ke, komunye umhlangano aba nawo Drevlyansky embasi ke waklonyeliswa inkontileka lapho inkosazana isungule Drevlianys intela flat futhi "ngamanga" ukushabalalisa Iskorosten kusolakala e lwembuyiselo. Ngenxa yalokho, u-Olga wafika ezindongeni zomuzi, lapho kwakukhona khona noyedwa yezikhulu, washisa kuphela ingxenye encane yawo, ngaphandle ulimaza Drevlianys.

Ngokwemibiko ethile, kusukela ngo-947, u-Olga kilo kusolakala bashisa umuzi nalo. Abantu bakule ndawo zibonise izivakashi bezobuka zokugeza yayo kanye nezinye izindawo lapho, ngokusho legend, inkosazana walithanda ukuhamba.

Futhi kuthiwani isikhulu Mal? Isiphelo sakhe asaziwa, mlando bayaqagela nokwakha inguqulo ye kwenzekeni kuye. Kodwa kuze kube namuhla e Korosten abantu baphile, kwavela igama okuyinto kusukela igama iNkosana yesibili - Niskinich. Bazibona inzalo umndeni omkhulu kwesikhulu.

Lapho immortalized Drevlyansky Prince?

Isikhumbuzo Prince Mal ukufakwa Korosten. Lokhu emangalisa eziyishumi zethusi sibalo, ezinde ngenhla komfula Oh, lapho, ngokusho legend, Prince Igor wabulawa, wazama Drevlyane. Prince Mal kusenzo ingubo endala ngenkemba omkhulu osindayo, amehlo akhe iqondiswe ku ibanga futhi ligcwele imicabango ngabantu bakhe.

isiphetho

Akwaziwa, empeleni wabheka Drevlyansky Prince njengoba kuvezwa kuye umqophi. Kodwa isiphetho nangezenzo zakhe ezithakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi. Anikeza imininingwane izenzakalo ajwayelekile zomlando ngelinye ihlo. Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe lokho kwaba kanjani esikhathini esikude amakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amane nanhlanu unyaka.

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