Pushkin: "Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo elingenziwe ngezandla. '" Umlando kokudalwa ukuhlaziywa okwakhe kwezobuciko

Ukudala A. S. Pushkina e zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina wehlukile kakhulu: letingemaciniso kanye tindzaba temlandvo letingasilo liciniso, izinkondlo ngezindaba ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe yakamuva zihlanganisa le nkondlo "Mina ngiyindlela wakha isikhumbuzo elingenziwe ngezandla. '"

Ingemuva "Isikhumbuzo" futhi umbono wabantu ababephila

Bit eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma edidayo umlando ukulotshwa inkondlo "Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo."

Pushkin wawubhala ekuphenduleni le nkondlo "ababili baka-Alexander", kulotshiwe eminyakeni komngane wakhe lyceum Delwig. Le ndlela backstory ngokuthi mlando sezincwadi, Pushkin isazi Vladislav Felitsianovich Hodasevich.

Okunye tetemibhalo-Pushkinists secrete eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziningana ezihilela umsuka ukubhala inkondlo "Mina ngiyindlela wakha isikhumbuzo elingenziwe ngezandla. '"

Pushkin walingisa-ekhona pre imisebenzi ebhaliwe: Derzhavin, A. Vostokova, Lomonosov, Kapnist.

Imfundiso yesibili sihlehlela emuva eRoma lasendulo futhi sithinta umsebenzi UHorace, Odes kumbhali Exegi monumentum.

Inkondlo kwathathwa bangesikhathi nenzalo edidayo.

Ukukholelwa ukuqashelwa okuseduze umsebenzi wakhe, nokuqaphela esizayo uthando futhi ukwamukelwa kwezingane - tihloko enkondlweni, ababebheka ababephila osukwini abandayo imbongi. Njengoba i-self-ukukhazinyuliswa amathalenta siqu etemibhalo awazange iyinto enkulu. Okungukuthi ukuthi, ngokombono wabo, futhi wahlanganyela imisebenzi Pushkin.

"Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo ngokusoka okungenziwanga ngezandla" abalandeli umbhali iye esizicabangelayo njengezaba liculo wezinkondlo ithemba ngokunqoba okungokomoya phezu ukhoporali.

"Isikhumbuzo" futhi isiphetho imbongi

Okusalungiswa umkhiqizo satholakala ethwele isitaki samaphepha ngemva kokufa imbongi. Vasily Zhukovsky wasiza inkondlo ukuvela ukuqoqwa posthumous imisebenzi wemidlalo sika (1841).

Pushkin wabhala, "Mina Simisé isikhumbuzo ngokusoka okungenziwanga ngezandla" kwezinyanga ezinhlanu nje kuphela phambi Duel kwesibhamu, okuyinto eyaba imbangela yokufa kwakhe: le nkondlo is sango-August 21, 1836 Lo msebenzi ukuqagela ebulalayo esongelwa ukufa.

On ibhola kaNcibijane Alexander mathupha ukufunda "Isikhumbuzo" yakhe.

inkondlo Pushkin, ukuba conceptualize isiphetho imbongi e iphrizimu umlando abantu, wabhala ngo ezinzima ngenxa yakhe uqobo eminyakeni: abagxeki up in ezingalweni ngokumelene naye, tsarist ukucwaninga lyutovali futhi akuvumelekile ukuphrinta yibona ababenza umsebenzi omningi umphakathi wokuziphilisa, kuxoxwa amahemuhemu ngaye nomkakhe, nasekuphileni kwemikhaya is ngokuhlaziya. Mhlawumbe lokhu emkhathini bathonya umbono ngokujulile, ngeke elibanzi ukuhlola siqu umnikelo lokusukela izincwadi wemidlalo.

Self-indida kanye ngesiqubulo?

Abantu eduze Aleksandru Sergeevichu, umbono kwaba ukuthi umkhiqizo ligcwele amanothi self-indida. Bayibiza "Isikhumbuzo" ngesiqubulo, into okwakukhona Pushkin yena.

Ukuqinisekiswa lo mbono kugxilwa kakhulu kule nkondlo: sibhekiswe imbongi, umsebenzi wabo yini ihlonishwe phakathi esizwe, nakuba ukuthi kwakufanele kubenze ngokumthanda.

Memoirist uPetru Vyazemsky banamathela "indida" inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela le nkondlo "Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo." Pushkin futhi Vyazemsky bengabangani, ngakho umhlaziyi etemibhalo yagcizelela uhlelo lombuso owodwa ukuwafunda kabi abalandeli umkhiqizo. Wathi akuyona esimweni ifa elingokomoya bese tetemibhalo, futhi ukuqashelwa umphakathi yena. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu ababephila, okuyinto baphotha emibuthanweni imbongi ngokungagwegwesi akakuthandanga bemhlonipha njengomuntu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo thina aqaphela ukuthi kunethuba elikhulu yokudala Pushkin.

"Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo ngokusoka okungenziwanga ngezandla" futhi waba "ezingaqondakali" ohlangothini.

presentiment sokufa

Abasekeli "ezingaqondakali" inguqulo ye umbono ukuthi inkondlo isibikezelo ngokufa okusondelayo imbongi, okuyinto wayazi kusengaphambili. Kusukela kuleso sikhundla futhi benqabe version Viazemsky Isimanga imisebenzi, singasho ukuthi "Isikhumbuzo" kwaba elesivumelwano ezingokomoya zabantu Pushkin.

Umbono okuye kwathinta ukuphila hhayi kuphela imbongi, kodwa futhi nomsebenzi wakhe. Umbhali wemidlalo wayazi ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo ngeke nje udumo ngimdumise, kodwa kuzoxoxwa kuyinto okufanele siyilingise.

Kukhona isiko eside ngaphambi Umphumela odabukisayo zabo indlela yokuphila Alexander wayazi kulokho ngosuku oluthile futhi ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku ke ulinde ukufa. Lithi ekubulaweni we ezimhlophe ovelele ebikezela umbhuli.

Presentiment esongelwa ukufa futhi abafuna ngamafuphi ukuphila kwakhe, Pushkin ziqondiswe umthombo kufinyeleleke kunazo zonke, wawatshela - ipeni - futhi wabhala: "Isikhumbuzo".

Pushkin. Inkondlo "Ngizobaqeda wakha isikhumbuzo elingenziwe ngezandla. '" Uhlaziyo emfushane

iqhawe Lyrical kungenziwa ngokuthi ka-Aleksandru Sergeyevich. Indaba isiphetho umbhali, kubhekwe ngokomongo komlando wesintu, nomnikelo okwalandela lezi zincwadi.

Imbongi kunikezwa umcabango ngalokho indawo kunikezwa him ngaphakathi lo hlaba, onjani ubuhlobo walibumba nomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokufunda. Unethemba lokuthi ukuphila ziqedwe ucwaningo zokudala nezifiso, akubanga yize leze futhi bayozuza izizukulwane ezizayo. Unethemba lokuthi ngemva kokufa ngeke zikhunjulwe, "Cha, sonke mina Ngeke ufe."

Wabuye waphakamisa indaba enkondlweni imbongi kanye izinkondlo, udumo asankondlo ifa senkondlo. Pushkin wabhala ukuthi imbongi ngeke unqobe ukufa ngokusebenzisa ifa yokudala kanye nokubhekelelwa kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.

Umugqa ngamunye we "lesikhumbuzo" eligcwele siziqhenye ukuthi inkondlo imbongi kwakungu mahhala futhi nonomusa: ". ngikhazimulisa inkululeko sa kwabawayo"

Inkondlo nge epigraph Exegi monumentum (kule lane. "Mina ngokwami ngiye ngakhulisa lesikhumbuzo"), ngakolunye uhlangothi, ugcwele imibala egqamile futhi bejabule, yokwenza samuntu ukuphila okuphakade yobuciko, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba kancane udangele futhi nokudinwa, ngoba lena ingoma dada imbongi, tibalo umphumela womsebenzi yokudala, okwakubekelwa Pushkin yena.

"Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo elingenziwe ngezandla. '" incazelo kwezobuciko

ElikaDavide isigqi umsindo kungenziwa ngokuthi kancane, lena lonwabu ulunika isigqi esinesithunzi. Lo mphumela kufinyelelwa ngenxa usayizi ivesi olulodwa (pentameter iambic nge), ukuwela imvumelwano ephelele quatrains (quatrains), kushintshana imilolotelo isifazane futhi wesilisa.

Ziningi abezindaba kwezobuciko eziyisimangaliso nazo zasiza ukudala isimo kokunika amandla emsebenzini. Phakathi kwabo ingashiwo: anaphora (edinonachatie imigqa), kombhala (ukuhlanekezela kwamagama), uchungechunge amalungu afanayo.

Ithoni ngokubabazekayo imisebenzi kufezwa ngokusebenzisa epithets: "lesikhumbuzo ngokusoka okungenziwanga ngezandla," izingathekiso "umphefumulo umlotha wami bayosinda nokubuna run away" avatar "muse ... udumo nokunyundela eyamukelekayo ongenandaba akazange aphikisane naleso silima" tiga tenkhulumo "inzwabethi ngami kuyokwenzeka kuwo kulo lonke elaseRussia okukhulu. " Esebenzisa lucebe zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa njalo Slavonicisms (Koze kube nini, imbongi, ikhanda, ephakanyiswe).

Ngesisekelo ubuciko, olwalungakaze lucebe nkondlo, kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi, njengoba nje kwakubikezelwe, no-Aleksandru, edala imisebenzi yakhe ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela "lesikhumbuzo elingenziwe ngezandla. '" Pushkin wahlala, uhlala futhi bayophila ngemisebenzi ebhaliwe.