Bangaki amaphesenti amanzi emhlabeni? Hydrosphere of iplanethi ngisho izingxenye

Amanzi linendima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni Ukuphila kwanoma imuphi umzimba. Le into kungenzeka emelelwa ezintathu zithi wokuhlanganisa: okuqinile, uketshezi noma gaseous. Kodwa-ke yilona main liquid naphakathi yangaphakathi zomzimba womuntu kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, njengoba lapha zonke ukusabela kwamakhemikhali zenzeka, futhi lokho kuwo wonke amaseli isakhiwo.

Bangaki amaphesenti amanzi emhlabeni?

Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, mayelana 71% amanzi ithatha surface eMhlabeni. It emelelwa izilwandle, imifula, ulwandle, amachibi, emaxhaphozini, izintaba zeqhwa. Endaweni ehlukile, kubhekwe komhlaba, kanye pair ngaphandle.

Kusukela zonke leli nani 3% kuphela kuyinto amanzi ahlanzekile. Iningi kuwukuthi zeqhwa, kanye imifula kanye namachibi kulelivekati. Ngakho lokho iphesenti amanzi omhlaba kwezilwandle? Lezi amachibi yizindawo usawoti ekuqongeleleni H2O, okuyinto 97% wezindleko.

Uma kuyoba kungenzeka ukuqoqa wonke amanzi esisemhlabeni, kwelinye iconsi, olwandle thatha imali engaba yizigidi 1,400. ³ km, futhi fresh ukuqoqa iconsi 10 million. ³ km. Njengoba ubona, amanzi ahlanzekile ezikhathini 140 esingaphansi Emhlabeni, ngaphandle usawoti.

Yini iphesenti uthatha amanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni?

Mayelana 3% wabo bonke namanzi ahlanzekile ithatha. Iningi it is bagxila zeqhwa e iqhwa upland kanye komhlaba, futhi okuncane kuphela kuyadingeka emfuleni futhi echibini amazwekazi.

Empeleni, amanzi ahlanzekile uhlukaniswe kufinyeleleke futhi engafinyeleleki. Iqembu lokuqala liqukethe imifula, amachibi kanye emaxhaphozini, futhi lapha kuhlanganisa amanzi ebusweni zamatshe ungqimba lomhlaba futhi ngazimbili ngaphandle. Bonke laba bantu bafunda ukusebenzisa kuzobazuzisa.

Bangaki amaphesenti amanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni kungokwalabo ezingafinyeleleki? Eyokuqala inothile ngesimo zeqhwa ezintabeni snowpack. Kuyinto ba abakha ingxenye enkulu yamanzi ahlanzekile. Futhi, ekujuleni ungqimba lomhlaba yakha ingxenye enkulu zonke H2O fresh. Ngiphakathi eyodwa noma nezinye umthombo abantu abangazange okwamanje wafunda ukusebenzisa, kodwa lokhu inzuzo enkulu, ngoba umuntu akakwazi ukulahla ngokuphelele mthombo wosizo njengamanzi.

Umjikelezo wamanzi usinika ngokwemvelo

ukuzungeza uketshezi linendima ebalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo, njengoba Amanzi kuphela jikelele. Lokhu kwenza kube main imvelo yangaphakathi zezilwane nezitshalo.

Amanzi kanzulu hhayi kuphela emzimbeni wabantu kanye nezinye izidalwa, kodwa futhi ezilwandle amanzi: ezilwandle, izilwandle, imifula, amachibi, futhi ayinawo amaxhaphozi. umjikelezo uketshezi iqala ekulahlekelweni kwezulu imvula noma iqhwa. Khona-ke, amanzi aqoqana, bese Hwamuka ngaphansi kwethonya imvelo. Lokhu kwabonakala ngokucacile zikhathi zesomiso nokushisa. Ngu kwegazi uketshezi emkhathini incike bangaki amaphesenti amanzi emhlabeni bagxila okuqinile, uketshezi kanye nesimo gaseous.

Ukusakazwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwemvelo, ngoba uketshezi afundwa umkhathi hydrosphere ka ungqimba lomhlaba, futhi ngaleyo ndlela self-yokuhlanza. Kwezinye amadamu, lapho izinga ukungcoliswa siphakeme ngokwanele, le nqubo kudlala ukubaluleka omkhulu wokugcinwa ukuphila, eziphilayo, imvelo, kodwa ukubuyiselwa "ukuhlanzeka" ubudala kuthatha isikhathi eside.

Umsuka wegama amanzi

Riddle mayelana nendlela kwakukhona amanzi kuqala, abakwazi ukuxazulula isikhathi eside kakade isikhathi. Nokho, kuye kwaba nemibono eziningana ukuthi ongakhetha imfundo uketshezi kule wezesayensi ukunikela.

Omunye ukucabanga kanjalo libhekisela esikhathini lapho Earth isencane isakhasa. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso ekwindla ka emkhathini "ezimanzi" ezingase alethe amanzi. It aqoqana emathunjini omhlaba, ukuthi emenza eyinhloko hydration igobolondo. Nokho, ososayensi abakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo yini iphesenti amanzi eMhlabeni kwaba eziqukethwe sikhathi ezikude.

Omunye umbono kusekelwe umsuka eliwumhlaba emanzini. Umfutho esiyinhloko kumiswa lo mbono kwaba nokuthola lokuhlala kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu deuterium hydrogen esindayo ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle. Imvelo amakhemikhali deuterium kangangokuthi kungashiwo kwakhiwa kuphela emhlabeni ngokwandisa mass athomu. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kwakhiwa liquid eMhlabeni futhi akusuki cosmic. Nokho, abacwaningi abafunda ngokuhlobana ukusekela lo mbono, namanje Awukwazi ukuphendula umbuzo, zingaki amaphesenti amanzi Emhlabeni kwaba bhiliyoni 4.4. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule.