Router MikroTik, VLAN kulungiselelwa imfundo

Routers kusukela MikroTik akuzona ziphoqa phakathi abathengi Russian ngenxa yokuthi abantu ababhekene nobunzima sokumisa "Mikrotik". Ngeshwa, lokhu okusungulile Latvian kunzima ukwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko nemingcele yayo. Ngisho unikezwa yokuthi idivayisi Sekuyisikhathi eside ezithengiswa Insimu Russian Federation, ke usesikhundleni ingxenye encane emakethe, nakuba nezimfanelo zayo ezinhle ngokusobala ukwanelisa eziningi. Router kubonisa umsebenzi ozinzile futhi ivumelane esizoheha iningi abanikazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ekhethekile yokusebenza iyadingeka nokuxhumana esiphelele zonke izinketho uthenge router. Ukwahlulela ukubuyekezwa, abathengi abaningi ngonyaka komsebenzi router alikhulumi nanokukhuluma kumele umane kabusha idivayisi umsebenzi okungenazinkinga. Kusukela sihloko, ungafunda kanjani ukushintsha kwemigomo MikroTik. ukumiswa VLAN Kwenziwa akulula ngendlela okungase kubonakale ngayo, kodwa akunzima kakhulu.

Kungani imizila ezidume ngakho?

Ngeshwa, i-control panel kwale divayisi kubenzima, eziningi kangaka "unadvanced" isethaphu umsebenzisi router Uyoletha test. Yingakho abaningi uthanda imizila, okuyizinto lula kakhulu kule ndaba. Bambalwa abantu abafana ukuba njalo uma ukungasebenzi kubangele wizadi endlini. Lokhu kuthatha hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi, kodwa futhi kudinga amanye utshalomali. Kulesi sihloko sibheka ezicashile izilungiselelo router sika. It kuzokuvumela Ngomzamo omncane nje, kodwa phakathi nesikhathi esifushane ukuze usethe idivayisi.

Ukuqalisa

Kufanele ukuxhuma MikroTik router kunethiwekhi, uyivule, bese ukusebenzisa ku console computer okuthiwa winbox. Kumele ukuya "Omakhelwane" sigaba futhi ukuthola idivayisi ngawo umnikazi uhlose ukusebenza. Uxhumano kungathatha isikhathi esithile. Uma router akuyona eside kakhulu, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa "Izibuyekezo".

Ngokulandelayo, umnikazi uzobona MAC nekheli router, kumelwe yikopishe emkhakheni "Xhuma kwi ...". Kukhona ungakwazi ukugcina igama lomsebenzisi Amasimu nephasiwedi. Lesi sakamuva kumele kwesokunxele ezingenalutho, kodwa kuqala kubalulekile ukubhalisa admin. Okulandelayo, cindezela "Xhuma". Umnikazi uzobona iwindi Imininingwane lapho bonke lwamasethingi oluvamile bachazwa MikroTik. VLAN ukucushwa Kwenziwa kamuva. Okwakhona kungenziwa sisuswe uma oyifunayo, ochwepheshe abaningi belulekwa ukuba wenze kanjalo. Lesi sinqumo ngenxa yokuthi, njengoba umthetho, izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo bengakwamukeli nezidingo umhlinzeki.

Uma sinake izilungiselelo amatheku, singabona ukuthi lowo router osebenza ngqo, eqoshiwe ngaphansi kwegama "wan adaptha".

Esikhathini kulungiselelwa okuzenzakalelayo ngokuzenzakalela izilungiselelo aluthola kusuka ku-ISP. Lokhu kwenzeka phezu uhlobo loxhumano DHCP. Uma umhlinzeki usebenzisa ukubukeka, uzodinga ukushintsha yonke imingcele okudingekayo ukuze.

Kuyadingeka ukuba sinake futhi isikhala ikheli, okuyinto ethatha ngokuzenzakalelayo ifomu elilandelayo: 192.168.88.0/24. Kungcono ukuhlela le ikholomu, njengoba uzokweluleka umhlinzeki. Siyini isizathu? Uma umnikazi enquma ukushintsha router, ke kuyodingeka futhi sifeze wonke izilungiselelo ngokushesha nje inethiwekhi iyoba nazo izinkinga ngezinye.

Hlela izinhlelo

Ukuze knock phansi yonke izisetho, kufanele chofoza inketho "Susa ukumisa". Ngemva kwalokho MikroTik router ukuqalela phansi. Nokho, kusasele imizuzu embalwa kamuva kubalulekile ukuxhuma futhi.

Nokho, uma kwakungekho amandla noma isifiso ukususa izilungiselelo kusengaphambili, khona-ke Roll emuva ifektri kungaba kwesikhashana. Ukuze sikwazi ukufeza lokhu, esibulalayo Kufanele ukhethe "System" bese "Setha kabusha". Umniniyo uyakusamukela ukubona imenyu ekhethekile, okuyinto uzocelwa ukuba uqinisekise. Ngemva liyaqalisa kudivayisi.

firmware update

Ngemva kokuba washayiseka kumasethingi factory kuyadingeka ukubuyekeza firmware. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele uye website esemthethweni futhi ukulanda ifayela ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kuyindodana router MikroTik RB260GS (VLAN ukucushwa kwenziwa kahle kulula) kubalulekile ukuba banake mipsbe platform, kumelwe ukulanda "iphakethe eyisisekelo" kuyi-computer. Ngosizo winbox console kumele ukuxhuma kwi-router, evulekile amawindi ezimbili (firmware nesofthiwe), hudula ifayela firmware ezintsha ewindini kwesokudla. Ngokulandelayo, ngokwanele ukuba ulinde thwebula futhi iqalise router. Kuzodingeka silinde imizuzu akukho kuka 5. Ngemva isidingo ubuyekeze Loader. Lokhu kwenziwa kwimenyu "System", bese - "router". Umnikazi kufanele uhlole izigaba "Firmware" futhi "Isibuyekezo sesofthiwe". Uma bayehluka ke udinga chofoza "Buyekeza".

Uma wayefisa, ungabheka version isofthiwe "wamaPhakheji" sigaba. Ngemuva kokuthi usethe i-Inthanethi, i-update kuvunyelwe ukuba afeze ngokuqondile control panel ngaphandle okulandwayo ezengeziwe ukuze MikroTik. VLAN ukucushwa ngempela ngempela inqubo elula uma unaso imiyalelo enemininingwane.

Ukudala switch

Routers unikezwa nomkhiqizi nesici encane. Abanalo esethiwe izilungiselelo nezimbobo. imizila ezivamile futhi aziwayo ngaphezulu, ngokuvamile banesikhathi isignesha ohlangothini emuva amatheku. Kube kufanele kubhalwe VLAN, WAN, nokunye. D. Ngakho, kukhona omunye port ukusebenza kwi-Inthanethi, lonke benziwe inkinobho umsebenzi bekhululeke kakhudlwana nedivaysi.

Ngo imizila, okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko, zonke izimbobo bayalingana. Noma yimuphi isixhumi kungenzeka WAN hlobo. Udinga ukukhetha omunye ku-intanethi, bonke abanye ujoyine ngosizo ibhuloho inethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukungezwa MikroTik WiFi esibonakalayo.

umnikazi Landelayo ukukhetha okuyinhloko port, kungaba okunye okutholakalayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hamba ku-console, okuyinto control panel. Udinga uvakashele "Ukusebenza" ingxenye, okuyinto ether2 ekhethiwe. Khona-ke - izikhathi ezimbili kumelwe chofoza imenyu ukuya izilungiselelo. Kube uzodinga ukuthola "master port". Lapho, umnikazi uzobona uhlu olwehliswayo lapho Umnikazi kufanele ukhethe ether1. Isilungiselelo kufanele kugcinwe zonke izimbobo ngaphandle kwalowo letikhetselwe WAN. Kunalokho kuyoba incwadi S.

Ukuhlanganisa nezimbobo usebenzisa kwebhuloho

Ngakho, amatheku 4 kuye kwahlanganiswa kwaba inkinobho. It uhlala kuphela ukuxhuma kubo usebenzisa kwebhuloho i MikroTik isikhombimsebenzisi WiFi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yiya engxenyeni ethi "Ibhuloho" imenyu, chofoza uphawu lokuhlanganisa bese ugcine. Zonke izilungiselelo kufanele ahlale esezingeni.

Umnikazi waphawula ukuthi kukhona "bridzh1". Okulandelayo udinga ukuya ithebhu "Emachwebeni" futhi uchofoze uphawu plus. Khona-ke kulandela ku "Ukusebenza" ukukhetha ether1 bese ugcine amasethingi.

Ngokulandelayo, umnikazi we-ukuqalela phansi router, kungcono inqubo ejwayelekile. Kuyadingeka ukuba ulinde uma ithwele umthwalo omningi kanye nokuxhumana. Kuyadingeka ukuya ukwahlukanisa efanayo, futhi uchofoze uphawu plus sokwenezela ezinkathazweni "Interface» wlan1.

Ukusetha i-ikheli static

Ukuze wenze ukulungisa imishini and IP yayo static, udinga ukuxhuma kwi-router ngu Ikheli le-MAC. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzisi bangakwazi ukunikeza noma yimuphi ipharamitha ezonikeza ukufinyelela ku-intanethi. udinga ukuya izilungiselelo esigabeni IP, khona-ke "Ikheli". Kube kufanele chofoza uphawu lokuhlanganisa ukwakha grid MikroTik. Ukubeka VLAN, njengoba kakade waqonda, kwenziwe ngendlela efanayo. Esikhathini "Ikheli" udinga noma yibuphi subnet, kungenzeka ukufunda kusuka kumhlinzeki wakho. ngokuvamile kudinga yefomu «192.168.9.1/24». Esikhathini "Ukusebenza" ukukhetha bridge1. I "Inethiwekhi" inkambu ozikhethela, njengoba izonqunywa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

isiphetho

Ukuze kahle ukufeza ukubeka "MikroTik" futhi abe esitebeleni internet uxhumano, udinga uthintane nomnikezeli wakho wesevisi. Umuntu kuyoba nzima ukwenza lokudlela okuthile, njengoba bonke amapharamitha pre-ezimisele, futhi umnikazi kuphela kudingeka afake ngesandla. nobunzima zingavela kule izilungiselelo iphuzu, kodwa ungakwazi njalo shayela isikhungo service ukuze uthole iziqondiso ezengeziwe, noma uvule idivayisi. Into esemqoka - khumbula ukuthi izigaba nzima kakhulu bese sivele sidlulile.