Wamavukelambuso-Cuban Raul Castro: Biography, izithombe

Raul Castro, omele umndeni edume-Cuban, umuntu kudala indaba isithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini. ukuphila-Cuban ekushintsheni sibonga kwawo eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 yomsebenzi. Umlando Raul Castro ngokuphila kwakhe kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa umlando kuleli zwe libalele, - sibonelo esigqamile sezombusazwe ophila izithakazelo isimo.

Ebuntwaneni Nomkhaya

Juni 3, 1931 emkhayeni Umninindawo-Cuban engazala ingane - Raul Castro. Ubaba - Angel Castro Argis ephethwe amapheshana enkulu yezwe lapho bekhula umoba, okuyinto bamlethela imali esezingeni elifanele. Umama, ULina Ruz Gonzalez, - umpheki elula. Bobabili babengafundile, oshade kanye kuphela, uvele eNkantolo izingane ezinhlanu. Kodwa zonke izingane zinikwa imfundo futhi sifunde ukuthanda ezweni lenkaba yawo. Wonke umkhaya kwakukhona bantfwana labasikhombisa, uRaul baba yesine, yaba nelinye abazalwane 2 no-4 nodade. umkayise lokuqala sinezingane ezinhlanu, ngakho umfana babenazo izihlobo eziningi. Junior Castro wafunda esikoleni ongumJesuit, kuqala Santiago de Cuba, lapho waxoshwa kanye nabafowabo, futhi kamuva e Havana, ephothula ongumJesuit ekolishi.

kweminyaka engu

Ngo-1948, e-University of Havana kukhona umfundi omusha - Raul Castro. Izithombe ebusheni lalababantu ngamehlo evutha, yena wawudume impulsivity futhi radicalism. Inyuvesi Raul wafunda ngesayensi yezenhlalo kanye ukuphathwa komphakathi, lolu lwazi iwukuba ufundelwe ewusizo kuye kamuva. Nakuba watadisha Okuqukethwe akuzwakali. Njengoba umfundi, uRaul yaba ilungu le nhlangano umfundi, wahlanganyela umqondo sezenhlalo, ngisho bajoyine Socialist Party. Ndawonye nomfowabo Fidel, wahlanganyela emibhikishweni umfundi ekhononda umbuso Batista. Yena ngenkuthalo bavikela imibono yakhe leftist, ukuthuthukisa imibono yobuzwe.

Ngo-1952, ukuze amandla e-Cuba waphinda futhi wahlangana no umashiqela Batista, owayebizwa kusekelwa dolobha American futhi bengayidebeseleli izithakazelo wezwe, okwenza kube protectorate-United States. Waphula off enobudlelwane neSoviet Union, lapho ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, ukubambisana esungulwe, waqala ukuphishekela izinqubomgomo ezinzima pro-American, kusuka eCuba kuya US mass zokuthumela imikhiqizo eduze lutho, labantu mpofu. Wenza ukunganeliseki mass, ikakhulukazi entsheni, lapho bobabili kwakungekaNkulunkulu Raul Castro. I Castro abazalwane wawuvelele engabandlululi yenkhululeko. Ngo-1953, iqembu labafundi eliholwa Fidel nomfowabo Raul ezihilela imizamo yokuveza Moncada ekamu ngo Santiago, kodwa ehluleka. Ingxenye amavukelambuso bathunjwa, kuhlanganise Raul, wagwetshwa ngenxa iminyaka engu-15 ebhadla ejele. Kodwa ngo-1955 ngaphansi ushwele obanjwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi omphakathi, kokubili Castro zikhishwa.

revolution

Raul Castro, ogama biography is sigcwele imibono izinguquko kanye izenzakalo kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala ukucabanga ngekusasa ezweni lakubo, akazange alilahle ithemba ukubona Cuba khulula nonenqubekelaphambili. Ngemva kokuphuma ejele, Fidel futhi Raul ushiye eMexico ngenxa yokwesaba ekujezisweni. Kube endala Castro ephethwe ukunyakaza "Julayi 26" ngemva kwezenzakalo-1953. Futhi Raul imatasa inkulumo-ze umsebenzi, ukunamathela evelele ukubukwa pro-lamaKhomanisi, kuyilapho Fidel kwaba umsekeli ngokulinganisela izinqubomgomo ubuzwe.

Ngalesi sikhathi, uRaul wahlangana no-Ernesto Che Guevara kuholela umfowabo iqembu ndawonye, akha umnyombo ibutho elisha lezombusazwe ukuze kukhululwe Cuba. abasekeli abaningi Castro abulawa phakathi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu. Ngalesi sikhathi e-Cuba okubulala zezombusazwe nokuhlukunyezwa kwakuyizinto ezivamile. Kodwa iqembu asele zabantu 12 ngoDisemba 1956 ku yacht ngasese ezazishushumbiswa eCuba, iphula kwenkamba Sierra Maestra izintaba ukusuka lapho baqala ukuqhuba asebenzayo impi yabashokobezi edonse.

Bahlela uchungechunge iziteleka kuleli zwe, entwasahlobo ka-1957 e Castro ibutho - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, yena wahola impi njalo amasosha kahulumeni. Ukumelana kuleli zwe, ngenxa yemizamo nokumela, kuhlanganise Raul Castro, lalikhulela. Ngo-1957 iqembu engabandlululi wawashaya yokuhlala omongameli, e Havana, aphethwe rally abesifazane abadinga ukubulala. Batista Scared ngokushesha umemezela ukhetho "yeningi" lapho ikhandidethi ehola esivuna protege yakhe. Kodwa abantu baqonde namaqhinga yayo kanye ukhetho iza. Ekhathalela isimo, uhulumeni wase-US wanquma kuphunywe Batista eSpain, lapho uzochitha lonke ekuphileni. Futhi e-Cuba, 1 Januwari 1959 ibutho, eholwa abazalwane Castro, wathatha Havana wamemezela izinguquko umbuso ushintsho.

umzalwane abadumile

wamavukelambuso-Cuban Raul Castro, ekuphileni kwakhe konke buhlobene eduze umfowabo omdala Fidel. Kwakumelwe side by side, empini wenkululeko, ndawonye ephakanyiswe ezweni ngemva kokuwa umashiqela Batista. Kulokhu, uRaul wavuma kusukela ekuqaleni ukubukwa lamaKhomanisi futhi wayesendleleni nethonya endala eqinile ngokuletha futhi kamuva kule yekuphila. Raul kwadingeka engasenathonya kancane futhi ke akafunanga uyohlala endaweni yokuqala kule nhlangano futhi kuleli zwe. Yena kalula wanika indima yokuqala violin umdala Castro, kodwa kuye kwaba isiphephelo esinokwethenjelwa umfowabo njalo. Kamuva, waze waba ngumuntu, ukusungula kobungane nobudlelwane neSoviet Union, okwasiza kuyanda zwe. Eziba khona phakathi kwabafowethu njalo kwadingeka ubuhlobo nobungane, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi bebephikisana ngokuthi indlela esizayo yezwe.

ekubeni inqubomgomo

Ngemva kokunqoba inguquko e-Cuba, uRaul Castro Kusolwa ukulawula esifundazweni Oriente. Fidel ongakabi wafuna ukwethula umfowabo echelons ephakeme kwamandla, njengokuthi lowo mzalwane omncane siyashisa banamathela ukubukwa olukhulu kakhulu. Raul uthethe nendima evelele somzalwane futhi bemsekela kakhulu, ukuthi agcinwe endaweni inqubomgomo ngisho wahlanganyela ukubhujiswa abaphikisi bakhe.

Raul Kastro ze dazula imibono yakhe sezenhlalo kanye Kancane kancane angangenwa nomfowethu omdala ukuze lizuze. Ngo-February 1959, Fidel Castro ophethe yomnyango inhloko kahulumeni, kanye Castro abasebasha uba inhloko amabutho ezweni. Wabhekisa amabombo Ministry of iRevolutionary Armed Forces e ingqikithi phezu 49 iminyaka, lena irekhodi lomhlaba ngobude ukuhlala e okuthunyelwe efanayo. Umzamo wakhe ibutho-Cuban selingaphezu abantu abayizinkulungwane 50, awusebenzi kuphela Ukuvikela ukuphepha yezwe, kodwa futhi waba nengxenye zomzabalazo wenkululeko Ethiopia ne-Angola.

umsebenzi wezepolitiki

Fidel Castro, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, trust ngaphezulu umfowabo omncane, futhi kuvula indlela hhayi kuphela nokuphathwa impi, kodwa futhi ukunikeza amandla ezombusazwe ngaphezulu. Ngo-1961, uRaul waba Lisekela Usihlalo Central Ukuhlela Council, lapho usebenza nge umngane wakhe ubudala Che Guevara. Ngo-1962 yena wayesebenza njengoba unobhala ukuphathwa United Revolutionary Izinhlangano yesibili. Kusukela ngo-1963, abe umuntu wesibili emva Fidel e-United Party lwesikhala Cuba. Lapho imizamo yakhe ephathini saqanjwa ngokuthi amaKhomanisi, imibono yakhe yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo imibono nesimo. Ngo-1965, engena iKomiti Central we-Cuban Communist Party, ikhanda ikhomishana amabutho ahlomile futhi zezokuvikela. Kusukela 1962, uRaul Castro, kuyinto usihlalo yiphini uhulumeni, bese kuqanjwe kabusha kuya lokuqala elifike ke iphini likasihlalo we uMkhandlu Wombuso, eqinisweni, wahlala isiqu sesibili isimo phakathi neminyaka wokubusa Fidel. Kwakuwusuku iPhini efanayo Sikazwelonke Amandla Yabantu iminyaka engu-25. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRaul ukuthi imatasa inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye nomnotho isimo. Lokho wahlangana nobuholi eSoviet Union ukusungula ubudlelwano kanye ekurhelebheni anobuhlobo esimweni entsha sezenhlalo, uqaliwe ukukwehlisela izingqinamba kwezomnotho ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha, ukusebenza ngaphandle kwekuhlela kabusha kwezolimo. Emkhakheni wezezimali yezwe yacishe ngokuphelele subordinated ukuze Raul.

Inhloko isimo

Ngo-1997, Fidel Castro okokuqala ngesikhathi Congress Party Cuba okuthiwa Raul umlandeli wakhe kungenzeka. Njengoba Castro endala esekhulile, amandla ezingasho waphumula emahlombe nomfowabo omncane. Ngo-2006, Fidel Castro wenza msebenzi sina, futhi igunya lokubusa izwe okwesikhashana kodwa unofficially ukubeka Raul Castro. umzalwane Impilo umdala saba sibi kakhulu, yena akuvamile uvele yomphakathi. Ngo-January 2008, kukhona ukhetho ePhalamende, lapho Castro abasebasha sihamba amaphesenti 1 yomfowabo. Ngo-February 2008, Fidel ngokusemthethweni omemezele ukuthi uyasula esikhundleni sakhe kusuka kokuthunyelwe isimo kuqala. Februwari 24, 2008, uRaul Castro, isithombe kungazelelwe lapho wandizela phezu zonke abezindaba zomhlaba, waba umongameli weNhlangano Cuba.

Izinguquko e-Cuba

UMongameli ifomethi omusha, wezinguquko - epithets ezifana lesi samba nabezindaba entsha uMongameli Raul Castro. inqubomgomo Cuba lapho sibhekana eziningi izinguquko eziphawulekayo. Okokuqala, yena imatasa ekwakheni ubudlelwane angaphandle, ngihlangane nabaholi Latin American wafika eMoscow ngisho limenyezelwe ekuzimiseleni kwakhe ukuhlangabezana noMongameli US, futhi mhlangano kwaba nomhlangano e-2015. Ngo-2009, e-US kususa imikhawulo ubulungu Cuba sika e Organization American States iqala Inqubomgomo Umane ubudlelwane phakathi US and Cuba. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi wasusa ukuvimbela ezimpahleni ze-Cuban e-United States, inikeza izindiza phakathi kwamazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo e-Cuba, unswinyo isiphelile, eba isimo somnotho esinzima, nokuthi ikhambi lale nkinga, uRaul Castro wathi umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko. Ubeke izinguquko eziningana ovulekile evumela ukuthi amaselula izakhamuzi zezwe, ivumele abalimi ngokwabo ichaze izinhlelo ukutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, uzama izivakashi nabatshali zimali emnothweni, ivumela ukuba ezimeleyo izindlu zomphakathi. Life kancane ukuqala ukwakha, nakuba izinkinga noMongameli kanye nezwe kuseyimfihlakalo kakhulu. Ngo-2013, abantu eCuba Raul futhi uphathiswe ubuholi wezwe lakhe.

udumisa

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, uRaul Castro lithole imiklomelo eminingi, yayinodumo kakhulu kunabo isihloko Hero WeRiphabhulikhi YaseNingizimu Afrika, i the Order of Maksimo Gomesa, Camilo Cienfuegos, isihloko fighter wenkululeko futhi impi ngasese, neSoviet Union oda: Lenin futhi October Revolution, Order of iSonto Lobu-Orthodox usizo ekwakhiweni amathempeli .

Castro sika yabaholi

Statesman Raul Castro sekukhona njengoba umholi emzabalazweni wamavukelambuso. Ayevelele ebusheni bakhe rigidity kanye intransigence. Ukuphila kuyisipho kancane sashintsha ulaka lwakhe, kodwa uhlala umholi kobushiqela ongabubekezeleli aphikisanayo isandla ukuvikela umbonwabo. Ngesikhathi, uRaul bekulokhu uyilingu yokucindezelwa Fidel Castro, futhi inkazimulo umholi juqu futhi azigcina.

Umndeni nezingane

Raul Castro, ukuphila kwakhe siqu unesithakazelo kakhulu abezindaba kanye kubantu ukuphila kwakhe konke nowesifazane, ayehlangana nabo ebusheni bakhe. Emuva ngo-1956, leli kamu avukelayo ezintabeni, uhlangana indodakazi kokulawula utshwala by Vilma Espin. Abantu abasha behlanganiswe ukuthanda we babevelaphi nokuthi umbono jikelele. Ngo-1959, bashada futhi bahlala ndawonye kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-2007. Wayengumngane bamatasa emsebenzini umphakathi kuleli zwe, ngacula imisebenzi we lady wokuqala, kusukela Fidel ohlukanisile kumkakhe. Lo mbhangqwana waba nezingane ezine. Indodakazi yabo Mariela Castro Uyisishoshovu ukuze kuvikeleke amalungelo ezincane ngokocansi.