Royal Navy: incazelo, uhlu futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba umbusi uPetru "wavula ifasitele" oLwandle iBaltic, futhi wabeka izisekelo Navy isiRashiya, "ukhukhuva kwezilwandle" Sekungamakhulu eminyaka England obusa amagagasi emhlabeni wonke. I izimfanelo lunga kokubili ekhethekile, indawo insular UK ukuswela geopolitical ekulweni amandla anamandla European - eSpain, eFrance, ePortugal.

ekuqaleni

Imikhumbi emikhulu yokuqala British kungenziwa ithathwa njengendlela wabahlaseli futhi diremy uMbuso WaseRoma, okuyinto wayeza umbuzo shipbuilding njengoba sina njengoba konke okunye - ngomkhumbi-ukugwedla wakhe imikhumbi esiqongweni ubuchwepheshe yesikhathi. Ngemuva kokushiya Roma kanye kumiswa ku eBritish Isles sebuningini imibuso ehlukene imikhumbi British kakhulu walahlekelwa kuzo zonke izingxenye - tonnage, processability kanye nobungako.

Ukugqugquzela umfutho ukuvela imikhumbi okuthuthukile waqala zahlasela Scandinavians - amaViking ezinolaka okusheshayo futhi ezikwazi Drakkar wenza kuphangwa elonakalisayo edolobheni elingasogwini nebandla. Ukwakhiwa eziningi patrol imikhumbi eye wavumela baseBrithani ukuze kakhulu ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwabantu bangaphandle.

Isigaba esilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa British imikhumbi yezempi - ayehlasela uWilliam uMnqobi kanye kumiswa inarha ebumbeneko, eNgilandi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ukhuluma ngani ukubukeka ngoxhaxha British.

British Royal Navy

Umlando olusemthethweni Royal Navy of England kufanele kuqale uHenry VII, owandisa ngoxhaxha British emikhunjini 5 kuya ku-30. Kwaze kwaba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 ulwandle British azithele ngabandayo ekhethekile yini bathole, kodwa ngemva uzowanqoba "Armada" Spanish kanye eziningi nezinye UVICTORIA isimo lamabutho asolwandle kusukela Amaqhawe European (eSpain, eFrance) waqala level off.

Corsairs futhi pirates - ezimbili izinhlangothi uhlamvu lwemali efanayo

Emlandweni waseBrithani ekhethekile yemikhumbi yempi umugqa kuyadida Kuhle kokusho imisebenzi ye corsairs abadumile isiNgisi, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke ababengasekho Frensis Dreyk futhi-Henry Morgan. Naphezu "imisebenzi core" yayo overtly okuzingela, owokuqala kubo knighted abehlula abaseSpain, kanti eyesibili ukungezwa umqhele English omunye idayimane - qoqo leziqhingi Caribbean.

R.N.

Umlando olusemthethweni Navy Great Britain (zikhona ukungafani ezihlobene yokubakhona mabutho baseNgilandi Scotland phambi 1707, lapho kwakukhona umshado wabo) iqala phakathi nekhulu le-17. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-British waqala ukuthola ukunqotshwa ezincane e izimpi zasolwandle, kancane kancane ukuthola idumela esiqine amandla asolwandle. Inani Eliphakeme ukuphakama IsiZulu phezu amagagasi ewela kaNapoleon Izimpi. Zaba isikhashana inkazimulo ngoba imikhumbi kaseyili, ngubani usufinyelele leli qophelo uphahla lwawo zobuchwepheshe.

Ukuphela kaNapoleon Izimpi Royal Navy Enkulu YaseBrithani wawenyukela isinyathelo yemikhumbi eziqine kakhulu emhlabeni. Ekhulwini le-19, i-British aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukushintsha kwesihlahla bahambe lube insimbi futhi umusi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi UK Navy sika cishe akukho iqhaza izimpi ezinkulu, Navy sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ohlonishwa kakhulu, futhi ukunakekela nokugcinwa amandla kanye ukulungela amabutho asolwandle kwaba yinto eza kuqala. Ukubaluleka isimo sengqondo British ukuze usizakale yayo izilwandle zomhlaba Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imfundiso engabhaliwe liyala ukuba silondoloze ubuhlobo elandelayo amabutho: Royal Navy kwadingeka be donsile than iyiphi navies ezimbili ezihlangene.

Umhlaba: Imikhumbi emikhulu ngokumelene Olwandle High Fleet

Royal Navy eMpini Yezwe wazibonakalisa hhayi njengoba amasafire mafutha ngabe kulindeleke ngaphambi ekuqaleni: yemikhumbi eminingi, Injongo ogama main kwaba ukunqotshwa we-German iziLwandle High Fleet, umsebenzi wakhe akuyona yingcweti - ukulahlekelwa kwakhe kwaba kakhulu obukhulu kunobukaJohane amaJalimane. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, UK shipbuilding umthamo sasisikhulu kangangokuba ke uye walondoloza inzuzo yayo, ephoqa eJalimane ukuba ayiyeke le amacebo yezimpi ezinkulu futhi bathuthele amacebo Raider usebenzisa uxhumano mobile ngwenya.

Ngalesi sikhathi sifaka ukudalwa ezimbili, ngaphandle ihaba, elilwela yempi, okuye aba okhokho baso izindawo sonke shipbuilding. Esokuqala kwaba HMS Dreadnought - uhlobo olusha yempi ngezikhali ezinamandla futhi umusi ophephela isitshalo, sisivumele ukuthuthukisa kumnandi ngesikhathi-ifindo 21. Owesibili kwaba le HMS Ark Royal - umkhumbi othwala izindiza, bamkhonza Navy Enkulu YaseBrithani kuze 1944.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo ukulahlekelwa Yokuqala Umhlaba, iyophela UK esaba kokusele iviyo lemikhumbi yezempi, ensimbi alenga ibhajethi umthwalo abavuzayo. Ngakho-ke, isivumelwano Washington ngo-1922, okulinganisela amatilosi ethile ngamunye amakilasi lwemikhumbi, kwaba insindiso yangempela kubantu bakulesi siqhingi.

IMpi Yezwe II: Umsebenzi izimbungulu

Royal Navy UK imikhumbi ekuqaleni Second Umhlaba possessed amabili nambili ezinkulu-umthamo imikhumbi (yempi futhi abathwali izindiza), 66 imikhumbi ekilasini sihamba, kubabulali cishe abangamakhulu amabili nesithupha kweshumi ngwenya, ngaphandle ukwakhiwa. La mandla ezidlula etholakala indawo eJalimane futhi kuncike kubangane bawo e izikhathi ezimbalwa, esangenza LaseBrithani ukuba nethemba umphumela omuhle wena izimpi zasolwandle.

AmaJalimane, ngokwazi ungcono ngani British, akazange ahileleke izibhelu ngqo squadrons enamandla umbimbi wenze impi yabashokobezi edonse. A indima ekhethekile kukhala ngu ngwenya, okuyinto-Third Reich riveted cishe eyinkulungwane!

Karl Doenitz, "ngaphansi kwamanzi Guderian", isu of "Impisi iphakethe", kokuhlasela Kusolakala ku ngohide nokuhlasela yohlobo "kancane - labhampa". Futhi okokuqala, squads ezindizayo ngwenya German wahola aseBrithani beshaqekile - DEBUT impi eNyakatho ye-Atlantic waklonyeliswa lemali ngokumangalisayo ukulahlekelwa kwezohwebo kanye lemikhumbi yempi Enkulu YaseBrithani.

Okunye esihle eJalimane Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kumila Navy Enkulu YaseBrithani phezu 1941 kakhulu walahlekelwa kunombolo nekhwalithi - ukunqotshwa France, ekuthatheni Belgium kanye Netherlands aqeda ubuhlungu amapulani abahlala kulezi ziqhingi. Kodwa iJalimane kwadingeka ithuba ukuze uwusebenzise kahle umkhumbi encane nge isikhathi esincane, navigation ezizimele.

Kuphethwe ahoxise isimo ngezithukuthuku decrypting amakhodi abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya-German, ukudala uhlelo olusha ngohide, izakhiwo inombolo ezanele ezikhethekile wokugada imikhumbi nokusekelwa umoya. impumelelo ephakeme British olwandle ziye zahlobana kokubili omkhulu shipbuilding izindawo (eBritish bakhela imikhumbi esheshayo kuka amaJalimane Ngishoné kubo), kanye ne-Allied impumelelo ezweni. Italy uphume ohlelweni impi abaphundlwe eJalimane yayo Mediterranean elisekela ezempi, kanye Battle of the Atlantic ngo iwine.

Falklands: ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo

Ngo ngemva kwempi, Royal Navy emikhunjini beziphawuleka ngomfutho iMpi Falklands ne-Argentina. Naphezu isimo angakahleleki ingxabano, ukulahlekelwa kulezi ziqhingi wenza abangamakhulu amaningana abantu, imikhumbi eziningana futhi abambalwa bomlilo. Yiqiniso, ku-oda amandla ulwandle aphakeme eBrithani wenza kalula kokuvulwa okulawula Falklands.

impi yomshoshaphansi

Kodwa lo main izingalo uhlanga wayengekho izitha ubudala - Japan futhi eJalimane, futhi ally kwakamumva block - eSoviet Union. "IMpi Yomshoshaphansi" kungenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi liyovutha, ngakho Royal Navy wayesekhona Kuqashwe. Ukubekwa elisekela oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, ukuthuthukiswa nokubeka imikhumbi, kuhlanganise ngwenya ngezikhali zenuzi - konke wamaNgisi wenza kakade elisezingeni inombolo yesibili. Ingxabano main kwaba phakathi titans ezimbili - i-Soviet Union e-United States.

Military wempi waseBrithani i-namuhla

Namuhla-ke kubhekwa elikhulu Izwe Elidala futhi ifakiwe (nsuku ligijima) ngokuqondene Navy NATO. Aircraft abathwali kanye missile Cruisers ne ikhono lokwenza sezikhali zenuzi zihlale force main okuphawulekayo Navy Enkulu YaseBrithani. Ukwakheka ke okwamanje 64 emkhunjini, zazo 12 bangabantu ngwenya, yenethiwekhi 2, 6 abachithi, 13 ekilasini "frigate" imikhumbi, ezintathu kokwehla 16 minesweeper futhi amabili ukuqapha kanye patrol izikebhe. Enye umkhumbi elisizayo, "Fort Dzhordzh" iyimpi kunalokho ezingafanele.

Kuyinto esiphathiswa iwuhlelo izindiza "lwesivikelo" - umkhumbi esisetshenziselwa ukuthi wenza hhayi kuphela umsebenzi besekela emphemeni izindiza, kodwa futhi lihlala umsebenzi (yokudlulisela kuze 250 amasosha futhi imishini sisemoyeni). "Lwesivikelo" lakhiwa 2001 bafakwa ukusebenza ngo-2005.

Amandla eyinhloko ngenhla kwamanzi frigates uchungechunge "Norfolk", okuthiwa ngemuva IsiZulu isikhulu, futhi ngwenya - SSBN uchungechunge "Vanguard", ifakwe zenuzi ezicitshwayo. Fleet kusekelwe e Plymouth, UClyde no Portsmouth, futhi Plymouth Devonport base ukhonza kule indima 1588! Nakuba-ke uvikelekile imikhumbi uqamekele le "Armada" Spanish kakhulu. Yena nguye yedwa lapho imikhumbi ukulungisa nge izinjini zenuzi.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile lwemikhumbi Royal Navy ekilasini SSBNs (ngwenya yenuzi) singenziwa - kukhona nezakhamuzi zaseziqhingini kungenzeka zobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, ucede ukuphila kwabo zokusebenza ngwenya nje kwalondolozwa kuze kube izikhathi ezingcono.

Russian missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu pass kusukela amanzi indawo ye-United Kingdom ngo-2013 kwashaqisa abantu abavamile nje kuphela kodwa futhi ukusebenza ebuthweni lasolwandle yezwe. Navy Russian at the ogwini Great Britain! Naphezu isimo amandla olwandle, British engatholakali kalula umkhumbi ekilasini engaqhathaniswa futhi zikwazile ukuthuthukisa ekufezeni impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Russian.

British igunya ephethwe ekudalweni ezimbili zama-imikhumbi iminyaka eminingi kwashintsha umlando we izimpi zasolwandle: dreadnought - wempi enamandla fast, edlulele nezimbangi zayo e lobubhalo, kanye namandla volley futhi umkhumbi othwala izindiza - umkhumbi, okuyinto esemqoka namuhla Navy ukuphoqa wonke amazwe amakhulu.

ekugcineni

Kushintshe ini e wempi waseBrithani kusukela esikhathini ukubuswa amaRoma ukuba namuhla? Royal Navy wasuka sudenyshek ethambile Saxon Earls ukuba frigates okunokwethenjelwa futhi enamandla "Manowar" izikhathi Drake kanye Morgan. Futhi okunye, kakade ngesikhathi sesinamandla amakhulu, kwaba ngowokuqala kolwandle emhlabeni. izimpi zezwe ezimbili awamkhathazanga nokubusa Pax Britannika, kodwa baphilele yena kanye lasolwandle yakhe.

Njengamanje, Usuku Navy Enkulu YaseBrithani ngokuya tonnage ivuliwe endaweni 6th, ngemuva India, Japan, China, Russia nase-United States, kanti futhi abantu baseMelika "lezi zakhamuzi," alibe cishe 10 izikhathi! Ubani nje nempela owayeke wacabanga ukuthi ikoloni wangaphambili ngemva ambalwa eminyaka ukuba Uyazehlisa ukuze Ukubheka wangaphambili umama zwe?

Noma kunjalo, i-British Navy - akuyona izibhamu kuphela, abathwali izindiza, imicibisholo nemikhumbi-ngwenya. Lena - umlando. Umlando ukuhlula okukhulu kanye ukunqotshwa angawethusi, izenzo zobuqhawe nezibangelwa abantu ... "Isichotho Britannia, ukhukhuva kwezilwandle!"