Russia e kwamaZwe, tembusave netemnotfo

Russia Contemporary ohlelweni ngamazwe ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi. Cishe bonke abangu njengefa kusukela esikhathini esidlule Soviet. Izinkinga ezihlobene yonke imikhakha kwamaZwe :. I ezombusazwe, ezomnotho, amasiko, njll Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuqonda Isiphi isimo Russia ohlelweni wezangaPhandle yesimanje. Ake uqale nge ezinsukwini zakuqala isimo esisha - the Russian Federation.

INGEMUVA nciphisa ye-USSR

Russia ohlelweni of ubudlelwano zezombusazwe ngamazwe basungula ngemva kokuphindela eSoviet Union yahlukana yaba ahlukene republic azimele. Ngo isikali yayo lo mcimbi isibe nenhlekelele yangempela geopolitical kwekhulu XX. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eminyakeni engu-80-th kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ezazifundisa ubuKhomanisi ilahlekelwe sikhalo salo ukuze iningi labantu Soviet. Ezweni lokhu kwenzeka kudala kakhulu kunalokho. Ngakho, ngo-the-yalolucwaningo 60-70. kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela izinkulumo eqeda lamaKhomanisi emazweni Warsaw Pact atheleka. Kuyiphutha ukuphikisana ngokuthi US UMnyango State iye yaba nesandla kubo. intelligence amaSoviet nasemakamu counterintelligence bale midlalo ezikhonjwe bonke amanxusa West, futhi bakwazi ukuvikela izakhamuzi zabo, futhi izakhamuzi zamazwe ahlangene ekamu sezenhlalo ithonya labo ngemibono. Abantu ngokwabo baye badumala imfundiso ka umbuso wamaSoviet. Isizathu esiyinhloko kwaba lag eSoviet Union kusukela West kwenezelwe izindawo ezibalulekile revolution kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, ngangingeke ngikwazi ukuba bacashe. Akulungile futhi ukusho ukuthi izakhamuzi zethu 'ethengisiwe jeans futhi ushingamu "ne-capitalism, njengoba uthanda ukwenza Patriots, nostalgic kule minyaka Soviet. Izinga lokuphila abaMhlophe, ngempela, kwaba izakhamuzi ngcono kakhulu, "wobushiqela wanqoba."

"Ibambezelekile esenzweni okwami"

Russia ohlelweni wezangaPhandle yesimanje yazuza isimo esisha esemthethweni Juni 12, 1990. Ngalolu suku, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR watshumayela ubukhosi maqondana USSR.

Le nhlekelele kule kithi ukuthi eqinisweni sasingabokuqala abavela emaphandleni, lapho isikhathi eside kangaka eqoqwe labadala. I-USSR kwamiswa kuphela 20s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Nokho, lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi cishe yonke republic, okuyinto elahlanganiswa eSoviet Union (ngaphandle Poland futhi aseBaltic kanye Finland) babe ngaphakathi isilungele inyunyana ezintsha njengoba ukuze alondoloze ubuhlobo kwamasiko kanye nezomnotho phakathi kwabo ngemva kokuwa zombuso olulodwa. Lenin futhi Trotsky wenza iphutha ezinkulu geopolitical: bahlukanisa izwe kanye imigqa kazwelonke, okuyinto nakanjani kuyoholela chauvinism kazwelonke separatism esikhathini esizayo. Khumbula ukuthi I. V Stalin wayephikisa komuntu umshado onjalo, futhi uMongameli V. Putin ngokuthi le nqubo "isikhathi Bathembisa ibhomu", okusho "kukhishwe" ngemva kokuwa nemibono sezenhlalo e kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Isimo elisha lezombusazwe: Russia - owalandela-USSR

Ngakho, izwe lethu waqala nomlando wayo omusha emva 1990. Kusukela leli phuzu kudingeka ucabangele isihloko "Russia ohlelweni kwamaZwe." Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, sabhekana isidingo geopolitical lokuzibusa, esithinta ukuma esikhaleni geopolitical, ukukhetha sezakhiwo civilizational Vector inqubomgomo angaphandle, kwezomnotho imodeli ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezinye isimo esisha -. Russian Federation - umemezele uqobo 'nomngane' futhi 'nomngane' eNtshonalanga, yeningi izwe ukuthi ngeke "nenhlonipho futhi samukela konke uhulumeni kanye imibuso ekhona" emhlabeni. Nokho, sigciné isiko kanye esidlule Soviet:

1. Positioning ngokwaso njengoba isimo elixube amaningi. Russia okokuqala emlandweni walo, ungase ziyaphuma njengoba isimo sezwe. Amaphesenti Russian esimweni entsha imayelana 80%, kanti kwezinye izindawo kuze kube 99% isibalo sabantu bendawo. Kuyinto ngaphezu kwalokho okuke kwabonwa e lonke "republic kazwelonke" ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union ngesikhathi wokugoqa. Abanye abantu abaningi abathi isizwe-uthi abakwazi ukuqhosha iphesenti ezinjalo isizwe titular isibalo izakhamuzi. Nokho, siyeka ngamabomu ukuthi isimo njengendlela intela ukuze esidlule yasebukhosini kanye Soviet. Kuyinto akukho ngozi uMongameli wokuqala - B. N. Eltsin - waqala zonke esicelweni sakhe esiya kubantu esinamandla ngamazwi athi: "Abantu baseRussia othandekayo" - ke kugcizelela isimo yisakhamuzi, kunokuba isizwe. By endleleni, igama elithi "Russian" ayizange ubanjwe on emphakathini wethu, yadedela a "isakhamuzi Russia."
2. Ukuba yilungu lesikhathi esigcwele oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha eNhlangano yeziZwe. Waya lizwe ngoba zaseRussia zamemezela uqobo owalandela zomthetho zase-USSR.

Izimo yokugcina isinikeza asizakale abalulekile enkundleni ngamazwe. Imininingwane eyengeziwe kule uzokuqonda olwengeziwe.

I-UN Security Council - ithuluzi kwethonya ezombusazwe ngamazwe

ubulungu unomphela-UN Security Council unika ngezizathu ukusho ukuthi iRussia unendima ehola ohlelweni kwamaZwe. Kafushane, beka izinzuzo zalesi isimo:

1. ummeleli yethu UN kungenzeka ukuthi abeke "ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela" kunoma iyiphi lesinqumo le-UN. Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kwemvume yethu, noma yimuphi umcimbi omkhulu wamazwe omhlaba - impi, unswinyo olubhekiswe kwamanye amazwe, ukwakheka zikahulumeni ezintsha, njll -. Ingabe kwakufanele kubhekwe njengokungekho emthethweni kusukela luvo yomthetho wezizwe.
2. Russia babekwazi kubangele izinkinga eziningi ku-ajenda ye-UN Security Council kanye nabanye.

Ngeshwa, izinqubo eziningi international zenzeka umthetho we-UN, okunikeza isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi le nkinga lenhlangano bambeke icala ke yokuhluleka uxazulule izinkinga zezombusazwe ngamazwe. Russia e kwamaZwe ayisekho ukudlala indima efanayo ebalulekile ukudlalwa kanye "esihlanganisiwe nesinamandla 'Union.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ithonya waseRussia ezindabeni zezwe

ubulungu unomphela-UN Security Council - hhayi kuphela ithuluzi ithonya. Russia ohlelweni wezangaPhandle kuthatha omunye izihlinzeko kwalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

1. Territory. Izwe lethu likhulu kunawo wonke endaweni kanye lwesikhombisa ngobukhulu isimo sabantu.
2. Wendawo. Russia usesikhundleni evumayo geopolitical maphakathi Eurasia. ungakha elihle kunawo imizila yokuba sendleleni kwezomnotho kanye nokuziphatha ngendlela efanele inqubomgomo angaphandle phakathi "amahlosi Asian" - China, South naseJapane - kanye Izwe Elidala.
3. Raw. share waseRussia e izinqolobane global: uwoyela - 10-12%, yensimbi - 25%, usawoti umanyolo - 31%, igesi - 30-35%, njll Izwe lethu kungathinta amanani emhlabeni, amavolumu ukukhiqizwa izidubedube emhlabeni, njll ...
4. ezingaba Inamandla zenuzi ngofuzo ezazivela eSoviet Union kanye nabanye.

Kuyini indawo waseRussia ohlelweni international? Zonke lezi zici esisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi izwe lethu - kunethonya amandla trans-kwesifunda futhi ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu yenuzi yomhlaba wonke. unswinyo Anti-Russian West nokucindezelwa zaso zezombangazwe ngezwe lethu zingezesikhashana unconstructive. Lesi simangalo akusona iziphathimandla zaseRussia olusemthethweni kanye nabaholi lamazwe ezinkulu Western. Sithemba ukuthi isimo maduze kujwayeleke. Ake sizame ukuba balingise kungenzeka esikhathini esizayo, esekelwe geo-zezombusazwe lokuzibusa yeRussia.

Izinketho ukuthuthukiswa ikusasa Russia

zimo ezimbili okunye sokuthuthukisa izwe lethu:

1. Kuyoba indlela innovative yentuthuko, kuyoba afeze sesimanje esibanzi, okuyoholela ukwamukelwa umbuso wentando yeningi.
2. Russia iyoba factor destabilization isimo izingxenye ezinkulu Eurasia, okuyoholela imvume kombuso wobushiqela.

Samuntu lwesithathu akukwazi. Kungenzeka aguquka futhi izwe eziphambili athuthukile, noma lehlukanisa ngokuphelele nomhlaba wonke. Indlela yesibili iphindwa isiphetho-USSR. Ngeshwa, abaningi zezomnotho ezimele futhi abahlaziyi bezombusazwe bathi sifuna indlela yesibili futhi babe "insimu sezinxushunxushu chaos ukuthi lasakazekela ezifundeni angomakhelwane." I yendabuko "namaSoviet" izinkinga backwardness zobuchwepheshe ungeze entsha, ngaphambili ongabonakali: ukunqunywa yenkolelo, chauvinism nobuzwe ezingeni wombuso, okuyinto kubonakala ngokwakha okubizwa ngokuthi "izwe Russian".

Russia ohlelweni of ubudlelwano yetemnotfo

Thina asuke sphere zezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho sihlaziye. Russia ohlelweni of ubudlelwano zezimali zomhlaba basungula ngemva kokuba wangena isitokwe ezimakethe zomhlaba. Lo mcimbi, yebo, kwaba into enhle ngoba ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba, kodwa kithi, kunalokho, yona ibe nomthelela omubi. Isizathu siwukuthi asikwazanga isilungele inguquko abukhali kuya esigabeni "capitalism zasendle" ngemva "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni nge ubuso bomuntu." Gorbachev sika "yokwakha kabusha", nakuba nascent nesiqalo wokuqala umnotho emakethe, kodwa ngobuningi sabantu wayedidekile e izimo ezintsha. Senze isimo sishube futhi "Ukwelapha ukushaqeka" zikahulumeni wethu wentando yeningi, lapho beat ekhukhwini abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. Indlala nobumpofu - Amatshwayo okuqinisekile sezinguquko. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-July-August 1998 ngeni yezimali. Ukumemezela ezenzakalelayo, sike empeleni zonakale abatshali bezimali abaningi ezinkulu zakwamanye amazwe. Noma kunjalo, ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo, izwe lethu waqala ukuthuthukisa emoyeni kwamandla zama-Capitalist.

Izinkinga kwembulunga yonke kwezomnotho Russia

Ukudalwa inkululeko kwezomnotho ngoba inhlokodolobha ngokuhlanganyela inyumbazana zezombusazwe wezwe lakithi esiteji ngamazwe kuholela inkinga enkulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho isimo: ". Indiza inhlokodolobha" kukhona Ngamanye amazwi, osomabhizinisi abaningi bengenaso isithakazelo ukuthuthukiswa eside yeRussia. Umgomo wabo - ngokushesha ukwenza imali eshisiwe, futhi ulethe zonke inzuzo emabhange angaphandle. Ngakho, outflow capital ngo-2008 kwaba $ 133,9 billion ngo-2009 - .. US $ 56,9 billion ngo-2010 -. Ukuze $ 33,6 billion, nokunye anti-Russian unswinyo angaphandle kanye yangaphakathi "ezimazombe .. amantongomane "kwaqina lezi izinqubo kuphela.

Isiphetho kungaba esidumazayo: kwathatha umnotho emakethe e-Russia, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi akuzuzisi ngokuphelele. Kuphela amanani eliphezulu hydrocarbon ekuqaleni ngekhulu xxi futhi wadala inkohliso nokuchuma. Konke yaphela lapho amanani abo futhi wawa kumazinga. Zezomnotho ukusho ukuthi abaningi balaba ngamakheshi akuyona ekufanelekele ukulindelwa ngokuqondene ukuthuthukiswa ehlukile imithombo energy.

Kamuva esihlokweni ukhumbule thina umlando kancane futhi sibheke lezi izinqubo ezinkathini zomlando ezahlukene.

Russia ekhulwini XVII

Russia ohlelweni ngamazwe kwekhulu le-17 ehola inqubomgomo angaphandle asebenzayo. Inhloso yayo - ukuba "ngiphakamisa" emazweni Russian lasendulo ukuthi abangu yanika ePoland. Ngo-1569, i-Union of Lublin sasayinwa, owawuthi Poland kanye Duchy of Lithuania abanobunye isimo esisha - Rzeczpospolita. Orthodox labantu Ukraine futhi Belarusian esimweni esisha sesimeni ukucindezelwa kathathu: ubuzwe, inkolo kanye amakhosi asendulo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwathiwa batheleka a Cossack abancane kanye nabalimi abancane yokuvukela ezinkulu. Ngemva elikhulu kubo - ngaphansi kobuholi Bogdan Khmelnitsky - Russia ingena empini Poland.

Januwari 8, 1654 emzini Pereyaslavl labetibambile Council (iPhalamende), lapho isinqumo kokuhlanganiswa Ukraine neRussia. Ngemva kwalokho, bonke ekhulwini XVII, izwe lethu bavikela ilungelo lezi zindawo ngesikhathi kulwiwa njalo Poland, eCrimea, wase-Ottoman Empire ngisho Sweden. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XVII, kula mazwe baye baqaphela yonke ebhange kwesokunxele Kiev nase-Ukraine e yisakhamuzi eRussia, ngemvume izivumelwano eziningana ukuthula.

Russia e kwamaZwe: ngekhulu le-18

Ekhulwini XVIII, Russia isibe isimo esinamandla European. Ixhumeke nge amagama "umbusi omkhulu": Peter mina Elikhulu, u-Elizabeth I Elikhulu uCatherine II Elikhulu. Russia ekhulwini XVIII, yibona abathole imiphumela elandelayo:

1. Yena abe esekwazi ukungena Black futhi Baltic iziLwandle. Ngenxa yale njongo babebaningi izingxabano zempi Sweden naseTurkey.
2. ijubane, olubhekene nezifundiswa ezingasebenzi basungula umkhakha ayo, kwakukhona zokuchithwa ukungenisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, izimpahla eziningi ezimbonini kanye izikhali.
3. Russia waba ekudayiseni lokusanhlamvu.
4. Izwe lethu ekugcineni yayilokhu izidlela nje lonke izwe Rus. Lokhu kwaqala ngemva ukwahlukanisa (kwakukhona eziningana) e-Commonwealth.

imigomo ezinganeni e inqubomgomo angaphandle kwekhulu XVIII

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amacebo nababusi bethu ekhulwini XVIII babe ezinkulu:

1. Ukudala isimo esisodwa European Orthodox ukuthi kuyohlanganisa zonke izizwe Orthodox yeYurophu.
2. Ukufinyelela lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera. Ngenxa yale njongo-ke kwakudingekile ukuba liyobamba sokuhlupheka ezimbili Turkish - the Bosporus kanye iDardanelles.
3. Russia waba isikhungo kwamasiko emhlabeni wonke, kanye nendawo esihamba phambili autocracy global. Yingakho izwe lethu isingathwe zonke "abantu bobukhosi 'waseFrance ngemva kokugumbuqelwa phakathi French Revolution wabeka" duty ajezise upstart "- Napoleon Bonaparte.

Russia ekhulwini XIX

Russia ohlelweni ngamazwe kwekhulu le-19 eyayihilelekile izinqubo lokuhlanganisa zezimboni global. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-, thina wawusanamathele conservatism. Thina wanqoba uNapoleon, njengokuthi "lo gendarme yeYurophu" futhi yisiboniso ukuphepha emhlabeni. Nokho, amazwe amakhulu aseYurophu athuthukile kakade zezimboni umgwaqo zama-Capitalist. Russia lags ngemuva kwabo nakakhulu obonakalayo Unyaka ngamunye odlulayo. Ekugcineni, kwaba sobala ngemva neMpi YaseCrimea 1853-1856. Kukuyiphi amasosha ethu liqothulwe ibanga rifled izibhamu European, yesikhathi eside izibhamu, nolwandle, yethu entsha ngomkhumbi imikhumbi labhujiswa yamalahle.

Ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo, Russia uyenqaba inqubomgomo angaphandle asebenzayo futhi ivula iminyango yayo enhlokodolobha angaphandle omhlaba.