Russian Black Sea Fleet: ukwakheka kanye nohlu imikhumbi

Ngemva izenzakalo 2014 eCrimea futhi yabakhanga baseRussia hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi, mhlawumbe, izwe. Futhi akusiyo kuphela kungamanyala zezombusazwe phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili - Russia nase-Ukraine. Futhi akusiyo ukuthi swiftness ngawo iRussia labetibambile operation YaseCrimea. Futhi ngemva kokubuya YaseCrimea Russian Black Sea Fleet ithole ukuphila yesibili.

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi phakathi neminyaka ubunikazi Ukraine coast Crimean ukuthuthukiswa Crimean behlisa kakhulu phansi, kanye nemali endaweni yomcebo isimo wokugcinwa enhlonhlweni labelwe kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kwalithinta leli elisekela lezindiza ku eCrimea. Lesi sihloko zama ukuchaza ukuthi amathemba IRussia ukuthuthukisa Black Sea Fleet e enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea.

Balaklava bay. Umlando omncane

Siyazi emlandweni ukuthi oda ensimini njengoba eCrimea waba ngaphansi ubunikazi Russia, kuba umkhumbi Balaklava Bay Russian Black Sea Fleet amaphoyisa atshalwa. Kusukela 1776 Balaklava ngesiGreki elihamba Ibutho wawusegunjini kule ndawo. Ngesisekelo le Ibutho babedabuka, ukuvukela abahlanganyeli protivoosmanskogo eziqhingini-Aegean Sea. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi Tsarina uCatherine Omkhulu, yaphawula umusa wabo amaGreki abanesibindi.

Kusukela 1853 kuya 1856, ngesikhathi impi YaseCrimea, Balaklava bay futhi bathunjwa amasosha aseBrithani. Baphenduka ku Balaklava Bay enkanjini futhi, eqinisweni, kakade wenza kokuhlaselwa nokusekelwa wamabutho kwakuyinto ngesikhathi evimbezela Sebastopol.

Esikhathini division yemikhumbi phakathi Ukraine neRussia ngomhla ka-Agasti 1994 Sea Fleet eCrimea waba Brigade Imininingwane 153rd futhi 155th we Division 14.

Kulesi Division 475 th kwadingeka 14 ngwenya th big futhi 9th medium and elintantayo base-ngwenya.

Kodwa mangisho ukuthi ngwenya "Zaporizhia" (Project 641), yanika e-Ukraine phakathi division yemikhumbi, nemingcele lobuchwepheshe database kwaba okungalungile.

Futhi yilelo nalelo libe nesigaba yemikhumbi, wagqunywa echwebeni ukuze kulungiswe, okuyinto basazama ubambe Ukrainian Navy.

Ngemva 1995 Russian Navy ekugcineni elishiya amanzi Ukraine, Balaklava base yashiywa dengwane. Futhi "abanikazi" bakhe uqobo babe abazingeli izinsimbi ayoni futhi nonferrous, njengoba base has a yokusungula enkulu imishini nemishini.

Futhi emva ngesikhashana esincane lapho Russian Black Sea Fleet kwesokunxele amanzi indawo ye-Ukraine, Balaklava base kwaba emehlweni ezibuhlungu.

Libuye into sibuka idolobha kanye bay baba esimila komhlaba wokubuyiselwa kanye nokulungiswa ngwenya Black Sea Fleet. isizinda Phezulu mfihlo ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa Union ngesikhathi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi futhi njengoba esitolo kwezikhali zenuzi.

ukusebenzisa kangcono base ngasese, kepha ukuba afeze izivakashi izinkambo wezempi ngwenya isizinda, iziphathimandla Ukraine baye ayitholakalanga.

It ihlukaniswe Sea Fleet

Isivumelwano ku ngendlela nemibandela Russian Black Sea Fleet ukuhlala emanzini indawo nezimbobo Ukraine esayinwe Kiev ku 28 Meyi 1997, ngesisekelo isivumelwano phakathi kohulumeni. Futhi ucacisile nemibandela ukwehlukana Sea Fleet nemizana ezihlobene yilesi sigaba. Lezi zincwadi ziye izibophezele nguMbuso Duma futhi iPhalamende Ukraine ngo-1999

Isivumelwano kwenza ukuba bahlukanise Russian Black Sea Fleet kanye Ukrainian Navy. Kumila main futhi indlunkulu, kwanqunywa ukuba ashiye Sevastopol. Ingxabano impahla kwakufanele kuthathwe ku isivumelwano akhawunti ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla. Ngokwenza kanjalo elaseRussia laba wamuka 87,7% nase-Ukraine - 12.3%, zonke izinto.

Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi kuyavumelana ngesimo esingokomthetho Sea Fleet kanye isiphetho kwalo okwalandela, yebo, ongemuhle ukulwa zabo amakhono. Abaningi kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-1997. umcimbi kubonakale njengendlela yokuthi Sea Fleet eRussia kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile befa.

Black Sea Fleet shazi

Ukuqhathanisa ukwakheka zezinombolo kwalesi sikhathi ayikwazanga ukuqinisa isimo salo izisebenzi.

Ngakho, qhathanisa izinombolo.

1. Black Sea imikhumbi ngo-1991:

- Abasebenzi - abantu abayizinkulungwane 100 ..

- Isibalo imikhumbi - 835 kuzo zonke amakilasi ekhona:

• ngwenya - 28;
• missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu - 6;
• Cruisers anti - 2;
• BOD II isikhundla, abachithi futhi patrol imikhumbi II grade - 20;
• TFR - amayunithi 40;
• elincane izikebhe missile nemikhumbi - 30;
• izikebhe ezinezinjini zika - 70;
• imikhumbi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni - 50;
• Aviation Naval - ezingaphezu kuka amayunithi ezine.

2.Chernomorsky imikhumbi Russian ngo-1997:

• Isibalo sabasebenzi - izinkulungwane zabantu 25 .. (Kubandakanya ayizinkulungwane 2. Indoda empini izindiza kanye Marine Corps).
• Isibalo imikhumbi - 33.
• Of izindiza ngoxhaxha - 106 (zazo 22 ukulwa).
• izimoto Armored - 132.
• Umyalo okuthunyelwe - 16 (eneminyaka engu-80).
• Ukuxhumana izindawo - 11 (kusukela 39).
• Electronic inkonzo izindawo - 11 (kwaba 40).
• Izinto ezingemuva - 9 (50).
• Umkhumbi ukulungisa izindawo - 3 (7).

Ngaphansi kwesigaba-1997 Ukraine Navy kwaba:

• Yempi - 30.
• Imikhumbi-ngwenya - 1.
• Combat izindiza - 90.
• Special injongo imikhumbi - 6.
• ukuqinisekisa Court - amayunithi 28.

Isimo samanje Sea Fleet

Black Sea Military Fleet Russia ubulokhu ihlala yezimbangela eziyinhloko ukuzinza nokuphepha eningizimu izinkomba zasolwandle njalo. Black Sea Fleet yempi nje benza konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi imisebenzi ku imingcele kweBlack Sea iMedithera.

Kodwa imikhumbi Black Sea uyakwazi ukwenza ukulwa imisebenzi futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene olwandle.

Russian Black Sea Fleet imikhumbi ngempumelelo imisebenzi e-Sea of Japan, nokubambisana Baltic Fleet. Inkantolo leqembu ahlanganyela kulo imisebenzi yezokuthutha imikhumbi yesondlo ukuthutha yaseSiriya izikhali zamakhemikhali eMediterranean Sea.

Njalo ukuqinisekisa imikhumbi Black Sea Fleet abanqoba nezinselele zokulwa ukudunwa.

Ukwandisa izinga ukulwa

ECrimea Buyela isakhiwo Russia nakanjani ngcono ukulwa ukuphumelela Black Sea Fleet. Russia nsuku kuhlelwe waba nethuba zikhule kahle Navy enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea.

Amabutho asolwandle izokwenziwa eCrimea, luhlelo oluhlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisa nezwe elisekela. Russian Black Sea Fleet usezuze isizinda esiyinhloko yokuhlala lwemikhumbi - Sevastopol.

izimiso eziyisisekelo izinhlelo yokuhlala ezisekelwe nengqalasizinda asolwandle - nokwaneliswa nokusebenza. Uzodinga kabusha ukuhlomisa isikhala ezisekelwe ebusweni imikhumbi-ngwenya, amabutho ugu evikela bonke kudingekile ukunikeza isevisi ephelele nokuphila.

Uhlu Black Sea Fleet imikhumbi

Leli bhukulwazi presents idatha eningiliziwe esingakwazi ukulinganisa lokho Russian Black Sea Fleet namuhla.

Payroll imikhumbi surface wamashumi amathathu division:

• Onogada missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Moskva".
• "Kerch" - mkhumbi omkhulu antisubmarine.
• Wabathengi umkhumbi "isibhaliso".
• umkhumbi Patrol "KULUNGILE".
• umkhumbi Patrol "yonke into eziyibonayo."

Ukwakheka ukufika imikhumbi Brigade 197th:

Elikhulu imikhumbi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni:

• "UNikolai Phylchenkov".
• "Orsk".
• "Saratov".
• "Azov".
• "Novocherkassk".
• "OkaKhesari Kunikov".
• "Yamal".

Ukwakheka 68 th Brigade Guard imikhumbi:

Small antisubmarine imikhumbi:

• "Aleksandrovets".
• "Muromets".
• "Suzdalets".

izikebhe ezinezinjini zika Sea:

• "Kovrovets".
• "Ivan Holubec."
• "Turbinist".
• "Vice-Admiral Zhukov."

Imikhumbi-ngwenya:

• "Rostov-on-Don" - B237.
• "Novorossiysk" - B261.
• (Ukubo- "Zaporozhye") - B435.
• "Alrosa" - B871.

Missile izikebhe 41st Brigade:

• "Bora".
• "Isivunguvungu esikhulu".
• "Ezolile '.
• "Mirage".

Ukwakheka 295-th division Sulina:

Missile izikebhe:

• "P-60".
• "P-71".
• "P-109".
• "P-239".
• "Ivanovets".

Ukwakheka Brigade 184th (Novorossiysk)

imikhumbi Antisubmarine:

• "Povorino".
• "Yeisk".
• "Kasimov".

izikebhe ezinezinjini zika:

• "Zheleznyakov".
• "Valentin Pikul".
• "Vice Admiral Zakhar'in".
• "Amaminerali amanzi".
• "Kusho uLieutenant Ilyin."
• "RT-46".
• "PT-278".
• "D-144".
• "D-199".
• "D-106".

It akazange kudingeke afune isayithi lapho yindlunkulu Russian Black Sea Fleet izokwenziwa. Sevastopol kwaba ofanele kakhulu lokhu (endaweni efanayo lapho, kuze March 19, 2014 ithunyelwe futhi yindlunkulu Ukrainian Navy).

Amathemba sokuthuthukiswa ngoxhaxha ngwenya

Ngemva kokuba izinkantolo Sea sigaba ehlome ngwenya - diesel "Alrosa".

Kuze kube manje, i-Russia has uhlelo sengeta umthamo ngwenya amabutho Black Sea Fleet. Umthelela Ukuqaliswa kwalawa imizamo, Black Sea Fleet ngwenya Russia bazobona kakade 2016.

Ngalesi sikhathi kuphothulwe udizili ngwenya abayisithupha abasha. Lokhu replenishment ngoxhaxha ngwenya ngeke zisishintshe ngokuphelele ukushintsha ibhalansi khandlu oLwandle Olumnyama.

manje BSF uzokwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezahlukene kulesiya ekujuleni kwamanzi futhi dala izigcawu ukuba afinyelele imigomo ukulwa.

izinsuku Okwesikhashana ngokufaka ngwenya zihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, kakade Agasti 22, 2015 Petersburg wakhuliswa ifulege St Andrew phezu ngwenya ingenakukwazi kagesi "Novorossiysk". Ngemva ukuhlolwa full-scale on the uhla solwandle Northern Fleet, yena Akungabazeki iqondiswe kuyo ikhaya eside.

I ngwenya yesithathu yochungechunge izitsha Black Sea Fleet zohlelo 636 - "Stary Oskol" - wethulwa ngo-August 28, 2015 Ngemva ukusebenza isimo sokuhlola eziyinkimbinkimbi "Stary Oskol" kuzothatha indawo yayo njengengxenye Sea Fleet.

Kodwa akugcini lapho. Ukuqhubeka kwaqedwa sikebhe ngwenya, "Krasnodar" futhi nokuphela Yethulwe "Rostov-on-Don".

Bayobe wabeka ezimbili ngwenya yephrojekthi ukuqinisa Sea Fleet ngwenya - "Kolpino" futhi "The Great Novgorod".

Zonke ngwenya 6 "636 udizili" Uhlelo - kagesi kanye kuze 2016 bayobizwa adluliselwe ku-isi-Russian Black Sea Fleet. yakheke Crews yalezi ngwenya futhi waqeqeshwa izikhungo ukuqeqeshwa we Navy.

izindiza emphemeni ezisekelwe

Yiqiniso, imikhumbi Black Sea ubophekile ukuba abe emphemeni izindiza egcwele. Manje kungenzeka ukwandisa izinga izimoto sokuvuselela zezindiza asolwandle. It is kuhlelwe ukushintsha izindiza Su-24 entsha Su-30 MS.

Kubalulekile futhi ngeke akukhohlwe lokho eCrimea iqoqo eliyingqayizivele sendikimba. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, izindiza izindiza yenethiwekhi ezisekelwe yeNyakatho Fleet eCrimea baye ayalolongwa amakhono abo ngalesi eziyinkimbinkimbi esiyingqayizivele.

Futhi okwandisa izinga ukulungisa izimoto ekhona Black Sea Fleet. Konke lokhu kuzovumela ukufinyelela ezingeni kusengaphambili futhi ahlinzeke izindiza Russian Black Sea Fleet. Ukwakheka izindiza ukulungele ukwenza combat ohambweni ukuba ngaphakathi 80% lemali edingekayo.

Recreating izinhlelo ezisekelwe

Kufanele engabe kabusha eNhlonhlweni YaseCrimea, uhlelo ekhaya ukuthi uzohlangana zonke izidingo ukusebenza combat ohambweni esifundeni.

isizinda Ikhaya limi e Sevastopol, e izinto ezifanayo ukuthunyelwa Sea Fleet uzobe efakwe.

Le mfuneko esiyinhloko sezimiso ukubekwa olusekelwe phezu kwemiphumela yiyona ukuzimela ngokuphelele ngesisekelo ukusebenza kanye nokwaneliswa. Imbobo, lapho Russian Black Sea Fleet izokwenziwa, ukwakheka le mikhumbi, kokubili ebusweni futhi kwamanzi, azonikezwa konke okudingayo ukuba baphathe inkonzo ephelele nokuphila.

Ngakho izitshalo eCrimea ngesikhathi lemfisha lolutawubeka izingosi ezinjalo ukukhiqizwa ukuthi uzohlangana izidingo zanamuhla nobuchwepheshe. Ukuze ikhonze imikhumbi entsha, okuyinto ufike Russian Black Sea imikhumbi, uqala esikhundleni ngeengaba entsha imishini umshini.

Manje, federal ibhizinisi ebumbeneko e Sevastopol ngokoqobo yaqhuma. It uye walungiswa anti-ngwenya imikhumbi emibili enkulu yeNyakatho Fleet (bayingxenye umsebenzi amandla Navy eMediterranean Sea).

Futhi ngesikhathi isitshalo abasebenza ukulungisa umkhumbi udizili "Alrosa". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inkokhelo abasebenzi 'ekhuliswe ezingeni zonke isiRashiya.

Manje Russian Black Sea Fleet e Sevastopol uthole isizinda ukulungisa yesimanje.

Umsebenzi ofanayo iyenziwa Novorossiysk ohlelweni federal okubhekiswe eziyohlala kuze 2020. Ngaphansi kohlelo, inikeza ukwakhiwa Novorossiysk izindawo ukuthunyelwa zamabutho Black Sea Fleet. Ngendlela efanayo, kanye Sevastopol, ichweba nge ezingavamile uthango pier yayo, ngokuqinisekile kuyoba enye impi indawo ukuthunyelwa lwemikhumbi Russian nemikhumbi-ngwenya.

kuhlomisa nemikhumbi Sea Fleet

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha navigation esifundeni Black Sea, oLwandle Olumnyama Fleet ngeke hydrographers ububanzi elikhulu imisebenzi. Kuyohlale kudingeka ukuze baqhube izifundo olunzulu emanzini asogwini, okuyoholela ukulungisa wamamephu navigation. Lokuhlola amanzi inhlolovo imikhumbi BSF hlola ukusebenza emsakazweni navigation systems, kulandele ukulungisa kanye sesimanje.

Lesi sakhiwo yonke imisebenzi ngeke kakhulu ezithinta ukuphepha navigation esifundeni, kuyobe uvikelekile Black Sea imikhumbi yaseRussia, yakhiwa imikhumbi avuselelwe.

Ngakho, ukuze ukuhlomisa eziyinkimbinkimbi ngwenya kwamanzi kanye nemikhumbi ebusweni Black Sea Fleet uzobe eyayihambisana izitsha eziyisithupha, okuyinto nakanjani ngiyoba nethonya elihle ku-ikhono ukuvikela bese uvumele ukwenza imisebenzi hhayi kuphela endaweni yemfanelo, okuvumela Sea Fleet, kodwa futhi phesheya.