Sea Commercial Port of Mariupol: incazelo, izici kanye nokubuyekeza

Ukufinyelela kolwandle Kubalulekile yiliphi izwe, ngoba mfula - a ukuhweba omkhulu, kwezomnotho kanye namathuba zezombusazwe. Mariupol ulwandle ukuhweba port Mariupol kuyinto luhlobo ebalulekile yomphakathi e-Ukraine. Umlando walo kanye nokuthuthukisa umphakathi. Sizokhuluma mayelana nokudala port futhi yiziphi izici zayo namuhla.

isikhundla ezindawo

Umuzi kanye ne-port Mariupol ezisebusweni loLwandle Azov, engxenyeni enyakatho-ntshonalanga eGulf of eTaganrog. Imbobo itholakala km 14 kusuka emnyango kuya bay, ke lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo kungokwalabo laseDonetsk esifundeni Ukraine futhi ingenye emathekwini ezine elikhulu isimo. Mariupol ogwini antante 68 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, impumuzo zensimu ngokuyinhloko flat. Imininingwane endaweni yaleli dolobha - 166 square metres. amakhilomitha futhi 0.67 metres square. km oluthatha port Mariupol.

Isimo sezulu

Mariupol port basesimweni indawo ye ngokulinganisela sezulu yezwekazi. Isimo sezulu sasendaweni inhlabathi ziyayinciphisa kakhulu ukusondela Sea Azov. Winter nehlobo elifudumele, zinomswakama futhi lamafisha, kwelanga, kanjalo, eyomile. Ngenkathi efudumele ubuswa, izinsuku ecacile libalele, wonke konyaka ilanga likhanya amahora 2340. Imvula yokuwa esifundeni ababaningi kakhulu (420 mm), ngenxa yokuthi ehlobo kukhona imvula kancane. Esimweni esinjalo ivumela sikhule ezihlukahlukene imifino ukushisa-onothando izithelo. Kodwa dolobha nasezindaweni ezizungezile kabi enikeziwe ngamanzi. Umqulu Kalmius enganele ukumboza izidingo ezikhona ngamanzi agobhozayo, ukuze indawo zokuhlala wadala eziningi amadamu yokufakelwa. Isilinganiso lokushisa laminyaka yonke kuwubufakazi Mariupol plus 13.5 degrees. Winter thermometer uwela lokususa 2.1 degrees. Ingoda yesithwathwa kuze kube degrees 10-15. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa isilinganiso kugcinwa eduze degrees 23, kodwa izinga lokushisa ukuze akhuphukele futhi kuze kufinyelele amadijithi 35. Lolwandle endaweni Mariupol e isilinganiso ihlobo eliwu 24-26 degrees Celsius. Ebusika, ikakhulukazi ngoJanuwari noFebhuwari, amanzi kakhulu cool, ngezinye izikhathi kwakheka phezu kobuso kuqweqwe obandayo.

Umlando we edolobheni

Izwe lapho namuhla port olwandle Mariupol, sekuyisikhathi eside elinabantu. indawo ekahle eduze komfula nolwandle benza le ndawo ukuphila inzuzo. Sasihlala lapha izizwe eziningi zasendulo kusukela ekhulwini 10 emazweni ayengaphansi kokulawula kwe-Kievan Rus. Ngo 1223 kwezwakala Battle odumile we River Kalka phakathi Tatar-Mongol ibutho Russian futhi Polovtsy futhi. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu baseRussia abangaba lasendulo bahlulwa futhi umhlaba wathutha isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokubusa AmaTatar, kamuva kwakhiwa khona Krymskoe Hanstvo. izakhamizi Australia, abalimi owayebalekele bahlaseli, waba okhokho Cossacks. Emakhulwini eminyaka 16-18, bazinza lapha Zaporozhye Cossacks, ngubani bakhela izinqaba ukuze azivikele ekuhlaseleni YaseCrimea AmaTatar. Kodwa idolobha langempela Mariupol elandelela umlando walo kusukela isigamu kwekhulu le-18 (1778) yesibili, lapho le nqaba Yakhiwa Church of St Nicholas wabekwa eceleni isiphetho, okuyinto ekuqaleni wazala igama Pavlovsk.

Ngo 1779, ngomyalo Umbusikazi uCatherine II emzini Mariupol yasungulwa lapha, okuyinto wayalelwa ukuwathutha LamaGreki Lobu-Orthodox, okuyinto lathathwa Insimu YaseCrimea Khanate. Abokufika pha amalungelo namalungelo akhethekile emhlabathini. Ngo 1780, edolobheni ngokusemthethweni wathola igama Mariupol. AmaGreki isethwe ku ukwakhiwa asebenzayo. Omuzi aqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Lapho eCrimea baba ingxenye yoMbuso isiRashiya, ingxenye kwabokufika zangaphambili ebuyela ezweni lawo, namazwe azo yezwakala futhi iza izakhamizi. Ngakho abaHlakazekile isiJalimane, kwavela eziningi Cossacks khulula ayesebuyele maJuda abhapathizwa yasungulwa. City kwaya kuba elixube. Zonke izizwe wazithola ibhizinisi niche, futhi lokhu kwaba nesandla ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kwezomnotho yesifunda. A yisisusa esinamandla ukukhula edolobheni wanika ukwakhiwa kwayo echwebeni. Esikhathini 19 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 Mariupol ukwakha ojantshi, lesi sitshalo ngobukhulu Metallurgical, ekwandiseni port. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, idolobha liyaqhubeka likhula, ngisho noma ayengeke ugweme ukulahlekelwa edabukisayo phakathi nempi. Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR Mariupol kwaba ngelinye lamavesi abaluleke kunawo wonke port imizi Ukraine futhi nanamuhla elisaqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe ukuze azuzise izwe kanye nabantu.

History of the port

Ngo-1886 waqala ukwakhiwa ethekwini Mariupol, okwakuwuphawu ukuqhubeka esinengqondo yomgomo uhulumeni waseRussia ukuthuthukisa eningizimu yezwe futhi ukudala amathuba amasha ukuhweba. Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu izisebenzi ziye zajula nakakhulu itheku for ukudlula imikhumbi esindayo eyakhelwe quay, jetties, ezivimba. Ngo-1889, kuvulwa enkulu echwebeni. Futhi ekuqaleni yezokuthutha njalo amalahle ezimayini laseDonetsk. Khona-ke, ichweba zaqala ukufika izitsha angaphandle ukudayisa. Eminyakeni eyalandela, waba olwesimanje futhi lakhula, kuphenduke itheku elikhulu lesimanje.

Izimpawu Mariupol port

Ngo ukuncintisana phakathi izimbobo lokuzuza labo Ungasingatha imikhumbi yiluphi uhlobo - futhi lena Mariupol. Imbobo angazamukela izitsha unyaka wonke cishe kunoma iyiphi umthamo umthwalo aphethe, futhi lokhu inzuzo yayo elingenakuphikwa phezu emathekwini amaningi Sea Azov. Mariupol ifakwe izinhlelo ezikhethekile edingida ice nepilotage usebenzisa icebreakers. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba sikhonze imikhumbi unyaka wonke. Imbobo setha zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana nge crew, kuhlanganise satellite. Imibandela kuwukuthi Ungafaka inkantolo nge uhlaka-8 amamitha kuya kwayi-240 metres. Ukuze ukubeka izimpahla ethekwini anemisila ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 12 square metres. m embozwe emafektri kanye izinkulungwane 240 sikwele. ezindaweni ezivulekile m. Mariupol exhumene ezingaphezu kuka-150 nezimbobo emhlabeni wonke.

imbobo lunye

Mariupol port angazamukela nemikhumbi eyayithwala ezifinyelela emathanini ayizinkulungwane 10, isitsha imikhumbi, abathwali ngobuningi kokuthutha amalahle. Isikhathi esiningi ke baxhumana emathekwini ngamazwe aseMedithera nase ulwandle olubomvu, uhlelo iVolga-Don, eMpumalanga ye-Afrika ePersian Gulf. Port Mariupol ezikhethekile okusanhlamvu eyamukelayo, iqoqo ucezu izimpahla, itshe-nsimbi, coke, amalahle, izinto zokwakha, metal amapayipi, iziqukathi ukudla, uwoyela ongahluziwe esindayo futhi imishini oversized.

Isimo samanje echwebeni

Namuhla echwebeni Mariupol ingenye kolwandle esangweni elikhulu Ukraine. Komunye unyaka uyadlula kuyo amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-17 wezimpahla, futhi leli nani luyanda njalo ngonyaka. Imbobo kuyinto ibhizinisi ezibalulekile emzini Mariupol, futhi ukunika leli lizwe inflow ehloniphekile okusimeme izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Ingxenye inzuzo njalo iqondiswe sesimanje kanye ukuthuthukisa ibhizinisi. Imbobo unikezwa imishini yesimanje. Lokhu kulivumela ukuthi ihlanganise imikhumbi kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Imbobo olwandle Mariupol isifinyezo ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ingaqashelwa inthanethi, Pilot Izikhungo kuqinisekisa kokulandela onokwethenjelwa ezitsheni athula kanye Logistics namasevisi kunika amandla okusheshayo futhi okuqinisekisiwe ukuletha izimpahla kuleli kheli oyifunayo noma isitoreji emafektri.

imbobo Museum

Iminyaka eminingi port esiye zanqwabelana okuningi kwemibhalo ezithakazelisayo futhi artefacts. Ukuze ukuhleleka kuka futhi isitoreji lolu lwazi oluyigugu sidalwe Museum of Mariupol ulwandle ukuhweba port (Mariupol). Ngo-2012, wathuthela ibe, isakhiwo esisha yesimanje. Ngo ezimbili amahholo Museum, izivakashi ungafunda umlando ukuhlonywa nokuthuthukisa echwebeni. Lapha ungakwazi futhi ubone izithombe Harbor abasebenzi, layout insimu yalo, amabalazwe indlela eyathathwa ama-izinkantolo.

Izibuyekezo abahlali nozakwethu

Imbobo uthola njalo ngonyaka inqwaba izitsha nabasebenzi bawo uhlale esabela ukumbonga umsebenzi izisebenzi zayo. Izakhamuzi zedolobha kukhona alwa wangempela echwebeni. Bahlale bekulungele ukukhuluma ngalokho inkantolo ukuza ogwini emzini atshele legends ezisemadolobheni ngalesi sihlahla. Inani elikhulu izakhamizi uqashwe yi echwebeni, futhi ukukhuluma mayelana nendawo yabo yomsebenzi kuphela nokuziqhenya.