Zaporizhzhya Cossacks

Zaporizhzhya Cossacks bahlangana ibutho izikhathi ezikude kakhulu. Abukho ubufakazi obungokomlando kuphakamisa kwenzeka ngeminyaka eyinkulungwane namakhulu ayisihlanu. Abanye base wesimanje Sechi Zaporizhzhya kubhekwe ukuthi nesenzakalo Cossack uqalise nge ngokuhlanganisa abalimi bafuna ukucekela oda enezivikelo eziqinile. Ngokusho kwezinye izazi-mlando, lesi sixuku idalwe kusukela Kozar, owayehlala e-Asia Ephakathi, futhi Ukraine waya ezinsukwini ejokeni Mongol-Tatar.

Abesilisa alesi sigaba ayisebenzanga, futhi asebenzisa ngayo isikhathi sakhe baye isayensi lezempi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sika komnikazi e-Ukraine, babizwa ngokuthi ama-Cossacks. Ukuphoqa ekukhonzeni ibeke zabasebenzi izinsizwa of amasosha baba basePoland izikhulu Lithuanian. Lezi zenzakalo zenzeka ngemuva kokuquleka Ukraine. Nokho, Cossacks, ukuze bagweme ophoqelelwe, wasuka ezweni elakhiweyo. Bakhethe indawo Rapids ka Dnieper. Ngokwezazi-mlando, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwakukhona Zaporozhye Cossacks. Ukubona isibindi amabutho, amaPolish amakhosi aqala wonga them enkonzweni. A abameleli kahle okuzelwe gentry kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso nodumo olukhulu ukuba abaholi kwezinhloko zamaviyo abanesibindi.

amabutho Arsenal lalinabashumayeli nezikhali eziphambili esikhathini esiningi. Zaporizhzhya Cossacks izibhamu wayenezimvu howitzers, izigqulo futhi ezigqulweni, samopaly nama-pistols, imikhonto izinkemba, imimese imimese, iminsalo nemicibisholo. Lezi isayensi ngemivubukulo kanye zomlando waqinisekisa ubufakazi arsenal elikhulu izikhali, okuyinto kukhethwe phakathi kwezizwe lapho elwa. Nokho, igunya main Zaporozhye Cossacks wanika saber.

Njengengxenye amasosha abanesibindi kwadingeka elihamba, abagibela amahhashi wezikhali. Inombolo ephelele Cossacks ahlomile esasiphakathi eziyishumi futhi izinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili abantu. Kuvele iyunithi elite bezilokhu kubhekwe mabutho. Kwaba amandla esesabekayo kakhulu ekulweni izimfanelo. Iyunithi lalinabashumayeli amabutho amakhulu emashalofini. Phakathi imikhankaso Cossacks gozololo esikanisweni busuku, okwaba isethi emhlabeni uchungechunge ezinqoleni, abethela ngamaketanga.

Umthombo oyinhloko wemali kwaba Zaporozhye Sech izimayini wabophula kuqhubeka imikhankaso, kanye ukuhweba, ukudayiswa iwayini, intela wathola kusukela ezokuthutha, kanye zasebukhosini iholo wasebukhosini. Ingxenye enhle awathola empini, ukunikeza ngokwezifiso esontweni. Ukukhiqizwa asele ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo, futhi Cossack wakhe Ukrainian wamphusiza kuya ngisho nesenti. amanani Obalulekile eqoqwe Sech abathengisi, edlula emazweni Zaporozhye. Iningi imali futhi yayihlanganisa intela ku amakhaya elise ngaphakathi kwemingcele amabutho.

izinduna wabheka nge uvalo ukuqinisa ithonya Cossacks. Phela, kwaba ohlangothini abalimi labacindezela njalo ungabasiza. nezifiso izinduna yayiba yokuxazulula le nkinga iyabheda yokuchitheka Zaporizhzhya Sich bese ulithumela serfdom. Ekupheleni kuka-nanhlanu leminyaka nasekuqaleni nesithupha, izikhulu Lithuanian kanye Polish bakwazi sabe izindawo enkulu yezwe okuqondene Cossacks. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1648 zabhikisha Kwagqashuka. Kwakuthinta eliholwa uColonel Cossack Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Hike ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe seliqediwe ukunqoba.

Nakubukwa umtselela esikhulu Sich Cossacks Ukraine, impi zalwa umzabalazo zamanxusa, uPetru mina Hetman Mazepa. Nokho, Cossacks wathatha ohlangothini Charles XII kanye zalwa amasosha Russian elwa. Ngemva ukusayina inkontileka Mazepa siyohlanganiswa abaseSweden, uPetru mina alethwe ukuthunjwa regiments ezintathu Zaporizhzhya Sich. inkinga lokuqothula base isokhethi ababhikishi lalibekwe phambi kwabo. Ngo-May 1709 inqaba sathathwa phansi ngokuphelele futhi zishiswe.

Iphuzu lokugcina e isiphetho Cossacks ukubeka uCatherine II. Ngo-August 1775 wezinhloso kwanikezwa ke, sivunyiwe lapho kubhujiswa lesi Sich isichasiso yayo esifundazweni Novorossiysk.