Izindaba UmphakathiUmnotho

Severomuisk ukwakhiwa Umhubhe umlando, incazelo, isithombe

Severomuisk Umhubhe itholakala e-Republic of Buryatia. Ukubeka ukusebenza senzeka ngo-2003. He is omude kunayo yonke wesitimela ithrekhi esasilaliswe kulo aphuma emadwaleni eRussia. Ubude 15 343 amamitha. Igama Umhubhe yethiwa ugema, okuyothi ngalo onguthelawayeka sihamba. Ngokusho ngezinga lobunzima yokwakha Umhubhe imisebenzi kubhekwe siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa engamashumi amabili nesithupha, yena bekumele uqale ngesikhathi lapho wonke esifundeni kwaba isikhala ezingaphili enamadwala. Isimo sezulu zevangeli zazinamandla futhi nezinga lokushisa esifundeni North-muya yokhalo kuyahlukahluka esifundeni -50 degrees Celsius. Kudingeke ukuba ningangenisi ubuchwepheshe hhayi kuphela, kwakudingekile ukuba ukwakhiwa kwezindlu izigodi nengqalasizinda ukuqinisekisa impilo ejwayelekile izisebenzi.

nesikhathi esinzima

Severomuisk Umhubhe kwakuyinto yokugcina exhunywe iBaikal-Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu ndawonye. Umqondo sokwakha ujantshi egudle uMfula Amur eladabuka Tsarist Russia, kodwa inani kwezinsiza kanye nomsebenzi adingekayo iphrojekthi, ngisho nalapho ukulinganisela anolaka, ngaleso sikhathi ezimba. Umqondo kwathi nyá, watholela ukuma yangempela kuphela ngo-1938, lapho kubekwa ujantshi. Izisebenzi lokuqala ababeyiziboshwa. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, esikalini esikhulu nesesilo ukunyakaza kwabo ukuze BAM waqala 70s kwekhulu elidlule. Kubekwa ujantshi waya zokuzithandela ezivela kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union.

I elula ezinzima kunazo zonke ithrekhi uvele Severomuysky Range. IBaikal ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa abe nokhahlo. Rock kumiswa siqukethe egwadle schist amatshe ezindaweni zawo zitholakala zamaqhwa, iphuzu esiphezulu ugema ifinyelela 2561 amamitha. On the rocks cishe izimila, ukuqhela zomhlaba emva ukuzamazama komhlaba kuye engakaze uhlole kuze kube sekupheleni, futhi umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba kwaba ezingalindelekile. Loluguduzisa isibe Incabhayi lenkhulu ye-onjiniyela nabakhi.

Sekube amaphrojekthi eziningi ezinikeza izixazululo ukudlula isayithi. Kusukela oyisiwula kakhulu ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa i bulala ngaleyo ndlela ukusula indlela eya ohlehlela emuva kakhulu - adikile ukwakha, ngoba yinto engenakwenzeka. Ngemva kokunqikaza futhi imihlangano, kwanqunywa ukuba balungise yokhalo. Ukulungiselela for ukudlula waqala ngo-1975, umsebenzi oyinhloko ezenzeka esikhathini 90s kanye kuphela Ekhulwini leminyaka elizayo, wafakwa ukusebenza Severomuisk Umhubhe. Ukugcwaliswa Usuku, noma kunalokho, kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa - Mashi 30, 2001, futhi isitimela sokuqala esasitholakala ngagoduka baqala ukuthutha 5 Disemba 2003.

Ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi

umklami Jikelele yephrojekthi bekungelegolide "Lenmetrogiprotrans". Ngokwe-project, ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: i-entshonalanga nasempumalanga amaqembu amabili Drifters babezohlangana nomunye. Umsebenzi owenziwa izinhlangano ezimbili. JSC "Bamtonnelstroy" inkampani wahlanganyela ekwakheni izakhiwo komhlaba, JSC "Nizhneangarsktransstroy" esakhiwe ngenhla phansi izakhiwo. Ngesikhathi ukwamukelwa yephrojekthi, kwakungekho muntu owayazi ukuthi nobunzima kanye lezimanga nobuso. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, uhlelo yoqobo ichitshiyelwe kabili umsebenzi wayeka ngenxa izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze nokudilika kwenhlabathi.

Umhubhe ndima waphenduka Abashona, ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukene kusuka 30 kuya abantu abangu-57 bashonile ngesikhathi kwakhiwa kanye eziphuthumayo impendulo. Ngo udumo lwabo, isikhumbuzo emnyango emhubheni. Ubude ukwakhiwa isikhathi lwavivinywa nedlanzana izimoto ezimbalwa ezivela emhlabeni wonke, bethuthuka futhi waqalisa ubuchwepheshe ehlukile inhlabathi ukuhlanganisa zokuzamazama amaphutha zomhlaba esebenzisa amakhemikhali. Le brand mshini omusha wasiza badedele Sinker Umhubhe ngempumelelo endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi futhi akuqinisekile iphula amadwala egwadle.

Ukuqinisekisa ayimi operation, ezimbili abasebenzi kwalesi sigodi ezakhiwa abakhi: yokungena Umhubhe entshonalanga phezu Severomuisk empumalanga. Kuze kube manje, le ndawo zamanje kwaba Severomuisk lapho abasebenzi bahlala Railways nokunikeza izinsizakalo Umhubhe.

Izici

Ekuqaleni imisebenzi isimo Geological we ridge ibingakacaci, ngakho ukusebenza intelligence olwenziwa kanyekanye ne ukwakhiwa. Ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi, parallel main wokwakha igatsha intelligence igalari yaqalwa. Ukuthuthukiswa Its kwaba phambili umhubhe main ambalwa amamitha, futhi wanikeza ukwaziswa mayelana nesimo zohlobo. Igatsha abakhwabanisi athuthukiswe at ibanga kwamamitha 30 kusukela isakhiwo main, usayizi kwanele for ukudlula izitimela ngomshoshaphansi. Ngenxa kwesimo endaweni Umhubhe esiteshini eyinhloko ukuze ifohle izindima, okuyinto kusiza umsebenzi nokushaya komoya.

Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo labetibambile endaweni ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba asebenzayo lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba ukufinyelela 9-10 ku sikaRichter, izimo Geological le ndima yabonisa ezine iphutha zomhlaba. Ngamafuphi nje, le ndawo rocks zephuke egcwele amatshe, isihlabathi namanzi, ububanzi yabo zazisuka amamitha 5 kuya ku-900. Ngemva ngokuqhubekayo iphula amanzi angenayo i lemali amakhulu cubic metres ngehora. Ingxenye Umhubhe sidlula eyiqhwa zone, ukuze kwakhiwe lezi amasayithi abathintekayo amanzi ashisayo. Isimanga kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa igesi enemisebe Rodonaya okuyinto wakhipha kusukela maphakathi Umhubhe ulwelwesi ngesikhathi emakamu salo kathathu ephakeme kunaleyo imikhawulo kuvunyelwe, okuholela ukuchayeka of abasebenzi. Thina ibhadelwe premium ehloniphekile ukuthi Sinker ngokuthi "imali ukufa."

Severomuisk Buriatia Umhubhe, ngokuvumelana iphrojekthi, okuhlose sokuprakthiza ukuhlola imithombo yonke amakhilomitha 0.5, kodwa wanquma ukunciphisa izindleko ukusebenza, yamba zabo ziyakhula 1 ikhilomitha. Ngale ndlela yokusindisa waphenduka izinhlekelele eziningana ukuthi eyadlula nokuphila komuntu, umsebenzi kume umsebenzi ngenxa kwenhlabathi, izikhukhula, nezinye izinto.

ukwakhiwa

Severomuisk ujantshi Umhubhe ngasinda eside izitobhi ukwakhiwa ezimbili. Eyokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1979, lapho le kushaft eshona phansi odakeni ihlangabezane egwadle dwala. Nge lesi simanga, nakuqala noma ngemva kwalokho gornorazrabotchiki babhekana. Amanzi anomfutho eziphakeme futhi waphula ngokusebenzisa idwala, bephethe amatshe, isihlabathi, udaka kwemali, akhukhulwe konke endleleni yayo: ukufa kwabasebenzi eziningana wageza dvadtsatitrehtonnuyu Loader. nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva Edingekayo kanye nokongiwa isikhala idwala ukwa.

Ukuze kuqedwe imbangela ngokuwa e elalikhona wathela ukhonkolo, omiswe eyathatha iminyaka emibili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ke esetholakele amathani ayinkulungwane nantathu edwaleni ziwile, olwenziwa umsebenzi olwengeziwe ukuhlola. Ngenxa uphenyo kwatholakala kwamanzi echibini esifundeni ukudlula emhubheni. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga ngokweqile amanzi notshwala edinga isixazululo innovative nge isimangaliso esifanayo emhlabeni futhi akekho oseke wabhekana.

resumption umsebenzi

Ukuqinisa izindawo iphutha kwenziwa usebenzisa grouting zamakhemikhali, ulwelwesi kwangaphakathi umhubhe kwenziwe yensimbi tubing, metal izakhiwo. Phezu kwalesi elachithwa ezengeziwe ambozwe ungqimba ngokhonkolo esiye sathuthukisa ungangenisi amanzi kanye ukunikeza ngokwengeziwe lwaleli umhubhe. Ngakho, i-ezibucayi zone imiklamo Uthole izingqimba eziningana "amapayipi" eyakhiwe ezihambayo ngayodwana. Izoni zokuzamazama komhlaba ke kwandisa izinga wokulondeka isakhiwo ukuzinza.

Umkhakha osanda waqala eshona ngo-1981, lolu hlelo kwadingeka uyeke ngokusebenzisa ipulaki ukhonkolo. Phakathi ukudlula eminye ka wonke amaphutha Kutholwe egcwele ukhonkolo ngokusebenzisa yamba imiphini mpo. Ukuze umsebenzi ophathelene ukumema Ochwepheshe angaphandle ezivela emhlabeni wonke - akekho bavumelana. Lapho ukwakhiwa yasetshenziselwa nobuchwepheshe obuphambili bezokuphepha esikhathini esiningi ovela eJapane, e-USA, Germany. Professionals izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe, ujwayelene isimo, nika eyodwa kuphela yisiyalo - give up bese uqala kwenye indawo. Ukuqinisekisa okuqhubekayo operation ezidingekayo imishini ukulethwa, alahle nokususwa idwala wayedinga zamapulangwe, njengoba kuba sobala ukuthi ukwakhiwa izobanjezelwa unomphela.

dlula ipayipi

Ngaphambi Severomuisk wakhela mhubhe, kwakukhona kakade umgwaqo Bypasses ugema. Prakthiza iye yabonisa ukuthi asifanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni nokhahlo uqalise, ngakho kwanqunywa ukwakha dlula umgwaqo omusha ngo-1984. Kuze kube manje, alikho isakhiwo esingaphansi esiyingqayizivele kuka emhubheni. izivakashi eziningi zithuthelekela ugema ngifuna ithuba ukushayela endleleni. Zilingwa ukubukwa ebabazekayo obumangalisayo eziphakeme, okuyinto amabhuloho baye.

Highway imimoya oyinyoka sidlula amabhuloho komuntu futhi viaducts. Omunye wabo, ngokuthi "kaDeveli Ibhuloho", wabeka ngokusebenzisa Itykit mfula ukujika emaweni futhi, ngokuvumelana ofakazi, ngiqhaqhazela kancane ngesikhathi ukudlula ukwakheka ezithwele. Ubude umgwaqo 64 km, indlela yalo umgibeli aphuthelwe Umhubhe ezimbili iluphu emise, efakwe ngaphakathi idwala. Magistral isetshenziswa parallel ukusebenza emhubheni, ngokuvumela ukuhamba ezinye yizimpahla izitimela. Kuhlelwe izikhandle kakhudlwana ekufuneni izitimela odlulayo uma kwenzeka nokwanda kokungabi ujantshi traffic iBaikal-Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu.

ngesivinini esiphezulu esingeqile 20 km / h, emthambekeni kwezinye izindawo 40% ukuze udlulele izigaba emaweni eziwasebenzisayo esitimela ezengeziwe. Okwamanje umgwaqo dlula esetshenziselwa umsebenzi izitimela nokugcinwa nokulungiswa. Ukwakhiwa ngo-1989, umgwaqo elasetshenziselwa tekutfutsa bagibeli futhi isakhiwo kuze yayakhiwe Severomuisk Umhubhe. Photo of kwebhuloho kanye namathafa ethathwe amafasitela izimoto, kulandela endleleni dlula, ubuhle oluthakazelisayo zisinika ukuqonda ukwakhiwa extremality.

igolide bopha

zokuxhumana ujantshi sokuqalisa babebeke zonke BAM. Severomuisk Umhubhe nge 1999 licishe kuyofikwa. Phakathi kwalamaqembu besendleleni eya kucwila nawo ngomunye nomunye, kwakukhona amamitha 160 kuphela. Kungazelelwe idwala kubhidlika futhi umsebenzi wokwakha kusayithi kwadingeka ukuba cishe ukuqala kabusha, futhi lokho kwathatha izinyanga eziningana.

Umhlangano Drifters amaqembu, okubizwa ngokuthi sboyka segolide iphutha March 30, 2001. Loluguduzisa kwaholela amabili brigades Umhubhe abakhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa V Kazeeva Gatsenko okhiye ongokomfanekiso umhubhe zinikelwe ukuba nguNgqongqoshe wezokuThutha. Uxhumano phakathi izingxenye ezimbili Umhubhe senzeke ngo amamitha angu-300 ukujula, le-eksisi kuka sleeves ezimbili ezenziwe 69 mm indiza evundla kabili mpo iphutha ngokuhlanganyela kwaba 36 mm. Kwakuwusuku okuhle kunakho konke, eyakha BAM. Severomuisk Umhubhe wafakwa ukusebenza kuphela ngo-2003, kwathiwa okuthiwa i- "bopha osemqoka" we BAM, okuyinto igcwaliswe esakhiweni grand.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Iminyaka engamashumi amabili-mithathu yokwakhiwa yaphenduka ukunqoba, okutholakele, ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba sengathi iphrojekthi ayizange waqaphela, kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke nobunzima, iBaikal-Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu eletha izinzuzo zezomnotho nezombusazwe ezweni lonke, lokugcina uxhumano iphuzu isibe esiyingqayizivele Severomuisk Umhubhe. Izithombe izakhiwo bayamangala nemandla ayo, grandiosity futhi liletha umuzwa nokuziqhenya.

Amaqiniso yokwakha:

  • Ubude Imininingwane umhubhe Severomuisk - ezingaphezu kuka-15 amakhilomitha, kanye nemibono ekhishwa obuphelele sangaphakathi 45 amakhilomitha.
  • Ngesikhathi lakhiwa, kwakukhona amathani abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zenhlabathi.
  • Isetshenziswa ezingaphezu kuka-700 eziyinkulungwane cubic metres ngokhonkolo.
  • It efakwe amathani steel ezingaphezu kuka-70 eziyinkulungwane.
  • Umhubhe ulwelwesi efakwe ezingaphezu kuka-55-ayizinkulungwane sensimbi tubing.
  • Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene ukwakhiwa umhubhe babesebenza amaqembu 6 ngodondolo ingqikithi abantu 8,000.
  • Ukwakhiwa emhubheni abiza yengcebo ruble yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 9.
  • Severomuisk Umhubhe at BAM kuleli kucwila kuyinto 67 square metres.
  • Izinqubo ukukhiqizwa wasebenzisa ngaphezulu kuka-850 amayunithi ti.
  • Sheathing umhubhe siqukethe ezimbili, futhi ezindaweni emaphutheni izakhiwo ezimele ezintathu, oqinisekisa ukuphepha endaweni ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba asebenzayo.
  • Okuqinisekisiwe isevisi siphila iminyaka 100, ochwepheshe bayaqiniseka ukuthi kulungiswe yokuqala enkulu liyadingeka ngaphambili kuka engu-50 emva kokwethulwa.
  • APCS Severomuisk Umhubhe ivumela real-time ukulandela ngomkhondo isimo microclimate ngaphakathi isakhiwo, ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe ye, ukuhamba izitimela nezinye izinto emsebenzini.

Ezindaweni eziningi ubunjiniyela, amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, ezimayini nasembonini yokwakha zesiteji endaweni ezintsha baba Severomuisk Umhubhe. Izindlela abaye bazama Ukungena zonke zaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, futhi wasungula indlela entsha ngokuphelele, elaba emisha eziseqophelweni isayensi Russian. Inkinga eyinhloko ekuqhubeni emhubheni Ukwakheka kwezitho ice, le nqubo ithatha indawo cishe unyaka wonke futhi adubule phansi iqhwa kwakhiwa ngesandla.

Inani

Running ayimi ukunyakaza iBaikal-Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu enikeziwe Severomuisk Umhubhe. History of the isakhiwo siqukethe engamashumi amabili nesithupha nezikhathi ezimbili emphilweni isimo. Kuvulwa Umhubhe kunciphise izitimela zesikhathi idlula izikhathi eziyisithupha. Manje kuthatha imizuzu 25 kuphela, futhi ngezinye indlela ezungezayo isitimela saya 2.5 amahora. Ukusebenza emzileni oqondile futhi iphephile bavunyelwe ukwenqabela double traction esitimela, okuye kwadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ku umzila omkhulu. Izinga lokuvikeleka kunyuke: ngu-ukudlula imimoya yomgwaqo phakathi kwamagquma, lapho njalo ingozi samanje izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze.

Cargo traffic iBaikal-Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu liye landa ngamaphesenti 35%, nokuthathe kwenza izinga lokhula kuhlelelwe ukwandisa eminyakeni ezayo nge-avareji ka-30% ngonyaka. It wakwazi ethula sesitimela Trans-Siberian, ukuba kuminyanise ukuhamba kwezimoto. Ngaphezu izinzuzo zomnotho, Russian iwine ophumayo yesibili elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, ingqalasizinda ujantshi yandile isiqondiso okunokwethenjelwa futhi engabizi ikhambo. Kuze kube manje, lo mhubhe sihamba 14-16 wezimpahla izitimela ngosuku.

ukulawula izinhlelo

PC Severomuisk Umhubhe - igama elisha ku nokulawula micro-sezulu kulesi sakhiwo. Siqukethe amazinga ezimbili control, ngalinye elikwazi isebenza umsebenzi obaluliwe ukulawula, ethungatha, ukugcina ulwazi zonke lobuchwepheshe amadivayisi izindawo. Futhi, i-okuzenzakalelayo inqubo elawula uhlelo (PC) kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-zokuxhumana Umhubhe.

Real-time kokulandela control isimo air wenziwa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, isimo sezinkulungwane zonke izinhlelo ukwakhiwa. Kufundza ngababili ne othomathikhi ngomkhondo izinhlelo kumqaphi sezulu nokuma gantry esangweni. Ziyakwazi kuphela evulekile for ukudlula isitimela, ngokuqinile ugcine isifundo sinesizotha ngaphakathi Umhubhe kusuka hypothermia, kodwa endabeni izimo ezingalindelekile, esitimela angaba knock ngaphandle usongo umonakalo kulo lonke isakhiwo.

Ukwakhiwa North-tunnel sisizwa ukuba senze ezinye zatholakala ngokwesayensi, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokusebenza ubuchwepheshe esiyingqayizivele, eyingqayizivele emhlabeni lapho. Zathola okuhlangenwe nakho phakathi ukushayela, kuyinto engenakulinganiswa. Ukwakhiwa yakhelwe isengezo senethiwekhi ezimele, ukwakhiwa lomunye Umhubhe efanayo kubhekwe ikusasa ukude kakhulu.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 zu.unansea.com. Theme powered by WordPress.