Migration kwenani labantu: definition, izici inqubo

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union emadolobheni amaningi isimo lokubala ubuningi babantu usufinyelele kakhulu. Ngisho nalapho, lapho phambi kukhona esitebeleni ukukhula Dynamics zazingakhi. Ngemva kwesikhashana nje izinkomba kwezinye izifunda kwathathelwa indawo nemicabango eyakhayo. Yiqiniso, okuye kwathinta isimo somnotho singcono, futhi sinjalo kancane kancane isimo kuleli zwe iyonke. Kodwa ukwanda kwenani lezakhamuzi ngokuvamile enikeziwe sisekhona lokufa futhi ukwandisa izinga lokuzalwa nokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe inzuzo. Umqondo libhekisela umehluko phakathi labo ababeza insimu, futhi labo abashiya ke isikhathi esithile. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda mayelana ukuthi ukukhula yokufuduka kwabantu kanye nendlela kubangelwa.

Ubude kufuduka definition

Umqondo "kufuduka" lingahunyushwa ngalezi zindlela ushintsho lokuhlala noma ukuthutha. Lenchazelo omunye izinqubo ukhiye ukubalwa kwabantu, ngoba ukuphila kwakho kuxhomeke kuzo isimo senzo. It kuthinta nabantu bakuleli zwe futhi, ngokufanelekile, isimo somnotho.

Iyini inzuzo kufuduka? Umqondo kuvezwa Ukucwaninga njengoba umehluko phakathi yalabo abafika ngasiphi nsimu yokuhlala unomphela, futhi labo wayishiyela phakade.

Migration izinqubo ukwabelana izici eziningana ngezigaba:

• usayizi;
• balolonge;
• ngesizathu;
• e uhlamvu;
• isikhathi;
• siqashelwe ngokomthetho.

kufuduka episodic

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyisisekelo ukunyakaza kwezendawo labantu, okuyinto abangela kufuduka inzuzo.

Ngezikhathi ingcikitsi zezakhamuzi kufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile. Siyabonga kubo, ngesikhathi esisodwa isibalo sabantu kuleli dolobhana bangaba kaningi. Lokhu nokuzijabulisa ngokuvamile ezihlobene ukuhamba-nezokuvakasha, ibhizinisi kanye nabanye. Abanalo imikhawulo yesikhathi noma isiqondiso ecacisiwe. Abantu abathintekayo kulolu hlobo obonisa ngakuthathu, kungaba zihluke kakhulu. Uma lokhu ngomsebenzi Yiqiniso, ukuhamba izakhamuzi enamandla. Kodwa uma kuziwa ekuzijabuliseni, abangamalungu akhokhela lo mshwalense iba ezinkudlwana.

Njengoba episodic kufuduka inzuzo kahle amenable kunoma incazelo futhi kungokwesikhashana, zitadishe ke cishe is hhayi obala. Nakuba lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo ukunyakaza kwezendawo wokuvelela, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokuvakasha.

beya

Lolu hlobo ukunyakaza kubangelwa izidingo labantu uhambo njalo. Ababambiqhaza beya izakhamuzi kokubili ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni nezisemakhaya. Ngokuvamile lokhu uhlobo kufuduka libhekisela uhambo nsuku zonke emsebenzini noma esikoleni. It is eshiwo ngokucacile kakhulu lapho kukhona isikhungo sebuniyo. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ngesikhashana esifushane ukunyakaza okunjalo idlula Izindawo deadweight. Lula ngabantu ukuhamba nsuku zonke ukuze indawo uya ezokuthutha kuka ukuthenga umuzi ozinzile.

Beya neqhaza kabusha zomsebenzi imithombo. Ngenxa yalesi sikhala zigcwaliswe ngabantu bahlala emiphakathini lapho kungekho amathuba emisebenzi.

On kufuduka inzuzo lolu hlobo labantu ukunyakaza likwazi cishe akukho nomphumela, ngaphandle kokuthi ngazo inqubo umuntu enquma ukushintsha lokuhlala.

kufuduka kwesizini

Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa abantu ngoba noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu baye baphoqeleka ukuba ushiye yokuhlala unomphela isikhathi esingenasiphelo. Nge lolu hlobo ukunyakaza, ukuntuleka Manpower, izimfuneko ukukhiqizwa ifinyelelwe. Isizathu salokhu nqubo ukusatshalaliswa engalingani ezingeni kwezomnotho ezifundeni. Lesi sakamuva kungenxa yokuthi ezimbonini ezithile ukuletha inani enkulu imali. Okungukuthi, ezindaweni ezifana kudingeka izandla njalo sisebenzela etholakalayo. Uma imithombo yendawo Awukwazi ukwenza lokho, kulapho abathintekayo abavela kwezinye izifunda.

Umsunguli wale nhlangano uvame kubangele isimo yezinkathi ezithile le mboni. Lokhu ezolimo (ngokuyinhloko nokuhlwanyela nokuvuna), amaHlathi kanye nokuDoba ugu.

ukubuya kufuduka

Iningi ukubaluleka kufuduka ukwanda lincike ohlotsheni sabantu ukunyakaza. Abacwaningi bakuchaza ngokuthi i hambisa ayinakushintshwa, okungukuthi, washintsha ngokuphelele yokuhlala. Ukuze ube njani inqubo njengoba ukuthuthelwa ukubuya kufanele yenziwe amaphuzu amabili:

• Okokuqala - lokhu ushintsho yokuhlala kwenye indawo, lapho ngokushesha ezinquma travel ngaphakathi umuzi noma umzana;
• yesibili - phakade, okuyinto isimo main, ngaphandle yesikhashana noma short-term uhambo.

izinhlobo izinkomba

Kukhona izinkomba ezimbalwa agcwele izinqubo ukubalwa kwabantu, ikakhulukazi inani kufuduka inzuzo. welithi "kufuduka net" livame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa idatha kwezibalo. Lona inani eliphelele. It kuthinta labantu endaweni ethile.

Ukuze izibalo kuzothatha ezicini eziningana. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• P - nenani Ukufika nesifunda.
• B - Isibalo abasuka esifundeni.
• MS - kufuduka Net noma ibhalansi.

Ubukhulu kufuduka ukukhula ibalwa kakhulu ukumane. Kuyinto elilingana umehluko phakathi abafikayo owashiya zensimu. Okungukuthi, njengoba ifomula lokhu kungenziwa imelelwa P = MS-B. Lokhu kulinganisela kungaba okuhle nokubi. Uma inamba esingaphansi zero, khona-ke imayelana welithi "kufuduka ukulahlekelwa." Ngokuba Chile okuphambene kumele kube inani.

Kungenzeka futhi indlela yesibili. Uma eyaziwa ezivamile wokukhula ongokwemvelo futhi ke ngokukhipha owesibili kusuka Inani lokuqala oyifunayo ingatholakala. Kuyinto ukwanda mechanical sabantu.

Esibaliwe amagugu isihlobo amaqembu athile. Ngokwesibonelo, izivakashi eziningi ngoba inombolo ethile yezakhamuzi zendawo (ngokuvamile ayinkulungwane). Ngo ifomula yakha Ungathi CRC = (W / H) * 1000. CRC - iyona ukufika izinga.

Ukuze ngezelela ezibalweni kangcono Balisisa ezomhlaba iminyaka eminingi. Lezi idatha ezidingekayo ukuze ukuhlaziywa isimo samanje, incazelo inqubomgomo labafikako kuphatfwa kwemitfombolusito yeluntfu.