ULuka noSatan: yikuphi kubo okulungile?

Abaningi bethu bakhumbula umdlalo odumile nguMnuz Gorky, lapho kukhona amaqhawe amabili: uLuka noSatan. Ngamunye wabo uvikela umbono wakhe, futhi kuphela izilaleli zinganquma ukuthi yiziphi zazo ezilungile.

Cabangela impikiswano yalezi zinhlamvu ngokuningiliziwe.

Isakhiwo kanye nabalingiswa abakhulu bokudlala kwe-Gorky

Umdlalo "Ngaphansi" wabhalwa umbhali ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Isiqalo sakhe sokuqala, esabanjwa ngo-1902 eMoscow Theatre Theatre, sabonakala kakhulu ezilalelini.

Akuzange kusimangaze, ngoba lo mdlali omncane wezokudlala wayengeke akwazi ukudala indaba ethinta inhliziyo kuphela, kodwa futhi nemifanekiso enhle yabalingiswa abakhulu.

Indaba yayiyimpilo yabendlu yokuhlala kwabampofu, abantu abangenalutho: akukho mali, akukho simo, akukho isimo senhlalo noma isinkwa esilula. Inhlekelele yabo iyinhlekelele, ayiboni ukuthi kungani ikhona, ikusasa labo liwukufa kanye nobumpofu kuphela.

Phakathi kwamaqhawe kwakukhona ama-antipodes amabili - uLuka noSatin, owaletha izilaleli incazelo enkulu yalo mdlalo.

Isikhundla sikaLuka

ULuka, umduduzi omdala oneminyaka engaba ngu-60, uvela kudlalwa ngokushesha. Ufika endlini ehamba phambili futhi uzama ngendlela yakhe yokududuza izakhamuzi lapho.

Uthembisa ukuthi iPharadesi izokufa ngenxa yokugula ku-Anna ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa emhlabathini, uVaska-umphangi - ithuba lokuqala impilo entsha eSiberia elikude futhi elibandayo, utshwala - isibhedlela esizophulukiswa kuso, isifebe-ithuba lokuthola uthando lwangempela, njll.

Ezinye izakhamuzi zalesi sakhiwo ziqala ukukholelwa indoda enhle endala, kepha abanye babo balahla izindaba zakhe, bacabangela (futhi bazindla ngokufanele) amanga abo.

Ifilosofi kaLuka

Eqinisweni, uLuka unikeza izilaleli zakhe ifilosofi yobuKristu yokuphila ngokuyinhloko : indoda kufanele ibekezelele konke ngoba iyisono, ijezisa isijeziso emhlabeni, futhi emva kokufa iyovuzwa izenzo zakhe.

Lefilosofi, eqinisweni, iqondisa ububi emhlabeni, iphendulela uNkulunkulu abe yinkosi yabantu abanamandla futhi abanesibindi, enikeza ngamunye ngendlela efanele.

Ngakho-ke, uLuka ufuna ukukhohlisa abantu abampofu abaye bawela endlini, becabanga ukuthi inkohliso enjalo iyobasiza ukuba babhekane nezinkinga zokuphila. ULuka ulungele ukwamukela ukungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalakahle njengoba kunikeziwe, kubheka ukuthi kungenxa yokungapheleli komuntu.

Isikhundla sikaSatin

I-Satin yilona uhlamvu olulodwa endlini evame ukuzama ukugcina isithunzi sakhe somuntu esimweni sokungabi namuntu ngobumpofu obukhulu.

Ngesinye isikhathi wayeyindoda ebaluleke kakhulu (nakuba wayengumuntu okhaliphile futhi ogijimayo), kodwa walahlekelwa isikhundla sakhe ngemuva kokumelela udumo udadewabo, wagwetshwa ejele iminyaka engama-5.

ULuka noSatan bahluke kakhulu. Ahlukaniswa kakhulu ngokweminyaka njengokwezinkolelo.

I-Satin ngumuntu wesintu, ezimweni ezinzima akaye walahlekelwa ukholo kubantu, akafuni ukukholelwa izinkulumo ezinhle zikaLuka, ekholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu "ungumsizi wenjabulo yakhe."

Ifilosofi kaSatin

Ingxabano ephakathi kukaLuka noThain iqala ngokuthi leli qembu liqala ukuphikisana namazwi endala. Cha, iSatin ayidingi induduzo, ubheka umsebenzi osebenzayo. Iqiniso lakhe akuyona ifilosofi yobuKristu. I-Satin isondelene nesikhundla sokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu, ikholelwa ukuthi konke kusezandleni zomuntu uqobo lwakhe, futhi akuxhomeki ekusebenzeni kwamandla aphezulu. I-Satin ayakholelwa ekungafi komphefumulo womuntu, akayidingi uNkulunkulu, ukholelwa ukuthi "usephansi" hhayi ngenxa yokuthi isiphetho sakhe sakhiwe, kepha ngenxa yokuthi wenza ngendlela efanele futhi ngobuqotho futhi wajeziswa ngokungalungile.

"Kuyiqiniso - kukhona unkulunkulu wenkululeko!", Ubabaza uSatin. Ufuna ukwakha umphakathi omusha womphakathi wabantu abakhululekile abangahlala ngokuvumelana nabo.

Izimpawu zikaSatan noLuka zisitshengisa ukuthi laba bantu ababili babonisa ngesibonelo sabo izikhundla ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele, izimo ezimbili ezihlukahlukene zokuphila nokuqonda indawo yomuntu emhlabeni.

Isikhundla sikaLuka sinesihawu, kodwa singacabangi, isimo sikaSatin sisasebenza, sishintshashintsha, sisasebenza. Esikhathini sokudlala, ukunqoba kwangempela kule mpikiswano kwadutshulwa yiSatini, ngoba kwakunguLuka owashiya indlu.

Ukungqubuzana phakathi kukaLuka noSatan: ukusabela kwabantu

Ukudlala kukaGorky kwakuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwababukeli ngoba umbhali angazizwa futhi adlulisele umoya wesikhathi sakhe kuwo.

Inhlangano ifuna ukushintsha. Ifilosofi kaLuka ayihambisani nabantu abasha abafuna ukuguqula umphakathi ngokusebenzisa amaphethini amasha. Babephikisana yingxenye egciniwe yesizukulwane esidala abafuna ukulondoloza uhlelo nesimo senhlalo.

ULuka noSatin bavele baveza ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi. Bazibonakalisa ezimbili kulezi zikhundla ezingavumelani nezifilosofi zokuphila.

Ngandlela-thile, umlobi we-play, wayenalo wesonto lokugcina, wabelane ngesimo se-Satin, ngoba lona wesifazane wayephethe lokho ayekucabanga. Yonke impilo yakhe uGorky alwa nalabo abazama ukushumayela ukubekezelelana konke-ukuthethelelwa, izindinganiso zakhe kwakuwumzabalazo nokholo esikhathini esizayo kakhulu ezweni lakhe.

Eqinisweni, uGorky ngokwakhe angabizwa ngokuthi "ukuguqula izincwadi eziseRussia", okusebenza emisebenzini yakhe ngokucacile futhi eveza ngokucacile isimo sokulindela impilo entsha yingxenye yentsha eqhubekayo.

Abantu bafuna ukulahla ukuhleleka kwezempi, befuna ukushiya amandla abaphathi bezombusazwe, bakholelwa ukuthi bona ngokwabo bangakha isimo esisha nesingcono.

Ngenxa yalokho, iqiniso likaLuka noSatina lalingabonakali. Ukuguqulwa okwenzeka ezweni, amaBolsheviks athatha amandla, okwenza, njengoSatin, anqume ukushiya inkolo njengesixhumanisi esingenasici senhlalo.

Ngakho ukudlala kukaGorky kwaba yisiprofetho. Futhi lokhu kuyinhlakanipho yalo msebenzi wezincwadi zaseRussia.