"Smart": igama elifanayo, shades of incazelo, ukusetshenziswa kwenkululeko amazwi

Ukujula imiva kwanoma yiluphi ulimi bazimisela kuphela ngenani amagama ngezithako zawo, kodwa futhi izindawo ukusetshenziswa kwabo, ezihlukahlukene semantic, associative amakhono, kanye esebenzisa kumiswa amathokheni entsha ngesisekelo labo ekhona. zokuxhumana lahlotshaniswa futhi antonymous futhi Paradigm mkhuba emagama futhi nesandla ekuthuthukiseni ulimi. Ngenxa amathuba amakhulu anezinhlanzi, isiRashiya kuyinto ephilayo, ezihambayo mkhuba isabela zonke izinqubo ezenzeka emphakathini nokuzindla kubo. Ngakho-ke kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ukuphila kwabantu kubonakala endaweni yokuqala, ngolimi lwakubo.

Kusho ukuthini ukuba "smart"?

Omunye umehluko eziyisisekelo lexicology - ohlukile futhi emagama. Izazi zolimi bathole ukuthi zonke izwi kungaba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu amagugu semantic, main zazo zichazwe izichazamazwi. Reveal lingavumelani kwabo kusiza zesimo imvelo ezinhlwini lahlotshaniswa. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "smart". Synonym nalokho kuyakhethwa "sendleleni" - kokwazi. Nokho, akubonisi lonke ububanzi bamanani, futhi ingxenye yalo encane. Eqinisweni, inhlangano izwi kungaphezu.

Tale mayelana King

Ngo umlobi odumile Hans Christian Andersen inganekwane lapho ostrosatiricheskoy ziqondiswe hhayi kakhulu izingane ukuba abadala - iphathelene nenkosi eyabonakala phambi kwabantu egijima enqunu. abathungi Abakhohlisi wamtshela ukuthi poshyut ngubo emangalisayo kule ndaba, okuyinto ungabona kuphela ohlakaniphile (elinomqondo ofanayo nelithi kuleli cala - has zayo endaweni) abantu. Ngiphakathi umuntu ehloniphekile, noma yizikhonzi zakhe akazange ngifune ukuvuma ukuthi kababoni futhi amayunithi wezinhlamvu ezandleni izigebengu. Phela, akekho ofuna ukudlula isiwula, ehlezi enye ihlezi phezu kwesihlalo noma sobukhosi isikhonzi. It ayemncane, umphefumulo nengqondo lapho babeqotho kakhudlwana futhi osithandayo, wesabe ukukhala ukuthi inkosi - nqunu! Lesi sibonelo uveza enye emthunzini incazelo yegama elithi "smart", okusho ukuthi leligama lisho - "ngikhuluma iqiniso, kuneqiniso, fair, mtshele iqiniso."

idatha etymological

Zama ukusungula indlela uphawu wangena inkulumo yethu. Ngokusho isichazamazwi Vasmer, kuvela ifomu lwamaSlav ka "um." Kungenxa yokuthi ulimi isizinda, evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke abantu Slavic, futhi kwakukhona igama elidala Russian "um", isiSlavonic Esidala okufana ke isiRashiya, isi-Ukrainian, Belarusian, njll Have amagama "smart" futhi lahlotshaniswa nokuba izimpande Latin - «aumuõ», okungukuthi, ingqondo, futhi «aumenis» - «inkumbulo», kanye ngempela ukuxhumana demonstrable nge isiSlavonic Esidala yayo izimpande.

Akanhlanhlatsi izichazamazwi

Manje cabanga ngalokho okushiwo ithokheni iphathwa ku izichazamazwi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuhlukanisa shades okubaluleke ongakhetha kunokwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyi inkulumo, izincwadi, njll

• Ake uqale nge isichazamazwi, eyahlelwa u-Efrayimi. Kuleyo ncwadi incazelo yaleli zwi inikezwe ngesisekelo ingxenye yayo yokukhuluma izimpahla. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sicabangela ukuthi isabizwana esithi "smart", incazelo yalo kanje :. "Loyo nengqondo esangulukile, ohlakaniphile, okuhle ' Uma njengenhlangano isiphawulo, it is kuhlobene nezinga Ibizo esihambelanayo 'ehlakaniphile -. Indoda / ukuhlakanipha, ngobuqili isilwane " Lena ukubaluleka oqondile. Kodwa kukhona futhi ephathekayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, lahlotshaniswa nokuba "smart" - onekhono (okunekhono izandla), ohlakaniphile (smart umshini computer), usosayensi Sane.
• Collegiate Collegiate Dictionary - kulo izwi sitolikwa njengoba 'ezinethemba kusitsho ingqondo, ebonisa ukuhlakanipha. " Ngokwesibonelo: "Tema, hlakanipha, hhayi ziyoncibilika!"
• Isichazamazwi Kuznetsova umahluko ukubaluleka uphawu, kuye ngokuthi labo bantu kukhona inkulumo - mayelana umuntu noma isilwane. Esimweni sokuqala, ukuchazwa ezinjalo "elihlakaniphile - umuntu has ingqondo," yesibili - ". Smart, ohlakaniphile" Ngokwesibonelo, "smart intombazane", "ikati uhlakaniphile." Lokhu ukubaluleka kokuqala ngokuyisisekelo. Secondary esuselwe efanayo sifana incazelo "smart -. Ingqondo ozalwa, izinga lokwahlulela, imfundo" Izibonelo: "ifilimu ezihlakaniphile - ulwazi; Into smart - ocabangelayo ".
• Enye yezincwadi ngokolimi abahlonishwa kakhulu ayingqalasizinda - Dictionary Ozhegova futhi Shvedova. Ukuchazwa amagama ke "smart" eduze nokuchazwa Kuznetsova. Okungukuthi, eyinhloko :. "Smart - Ukuba nomqondo noma eveza yakhe" Ngokwesibonelo, "ukubonakala smart, umuntu, nekucela umeluleki." Ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso kungaba "iphepha smart", "inkulumo wobuhlakani". incazelo yesibili: "ingqondo ehluzekile wadala" - "isenzo uhlakaniphile."

Kuzo bomcondvofana kanye nabomcondvophika

Uhlaziyo incazelo lucebe ye izwi sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye ikhumbula izixhumanisi zalo lahlotshaniswa kanye nabomcondvophika Paradigm. Ukukhomba kubo, waphinda sicela izichazamazwi. Uyini elifanayo of izwi iziqondiso "smart" ukunikela? Lokhu "ehlakaniphile, '" uyisiphukuphuku, "" Hlakanipha, "" Hlakanipha, "" ehlakaniphile,' "ehlakaniphile, '" smyshlony "," ecabanga "okuxoxa" brainy "," brainy "," brainy ". Bonke ukwabelana ezivamile Sema "khona ingqondo". Ngakho, Griboyedov ku ahlekisayo "Maye kusukela Wit" FAMUSOV likhuluma Chatsky ukuthi "ikhanda elincane / Futhi uthi ekhazimulayo, ihumusha." Esinye isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele synonymization - isisho "ikhanda emahlombe akhe." Upotreblonny ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso (Izaga ejwayelekile), ke nokobana inencazelo efanayo: "Umuntu awasoze adlula kulempilo, uma unalo ikhanda emahlombe akhe. Ukusuka kunoma iliphi okukhiphayo isikhundla uzothola ucezu lwesinkwa kanye njalo uyoveza. " Kepha bomcondvophika ngalesosikhathi they are ecacile: "uyisiphukuphuku," "uyisiphukuphuku," "oyisikhohlwa" "unready", "isiphukuphuku" lisho, "Headless".