Smolensk - edolobheni Russian lasendulo, njalo ahlupheke ngenxa indawo yabo ezindawo lona komakhelwane European. Phakathi nokubusa Fedor Ivanovich futhi Boris Godunov lamiswao Smolensk Kremlin. Lokhu izinqaba uhlukile ngezindlela eziningi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside le nqaba ayebhekwa njengengxenye ebanzi kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Umlando ukwakhiwa inqaba ungenakunqotshwa
ukwakhiwa inqaba netshe lokukhubekisa Smolensk wethulwa 1596. I nomklami oyinhloko yephrojekthi kwaba Fedor Savelievich ihhashi. Kuyinto umakhi wengamela ukwakhiwa kwalesi ezibiyele emhlabeni eWhite City. Ngokusho umbhali, le nqaba entsha kwaba lidlule zonke ezikhona ezweni lethu phambi. Ngenxa inhlangano afanele umsebenzi namabutho zezisebenzi Smolensk ezibiyele yaqedwa bafakwa ukusebenza eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokubekwa kwesisekelo. Ubude ingqikithi izindonga inqaba imayelana 6.5 km. Nakuba nezivikelo ezakhiwa emadolobheni amaningi. basuke ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa usayizi nesizotha, abantu abavamile ixazululwe ngaphandle kwezindonga. Esimeni i izitha ukuhlasela zonke labantu kuleli dolobha baphephela le nqaba futhi ufika ukuzivikela. Okuhluke kakhulu kwakunjalo Smolensk. I izinqaba entsha ziboshwe wonke umuzi, ngoba ipherimitha yayo kwakungelona zokuhlala.
Incazelo kanye Umdwebo Smolensk ezibiyele
Ekuqaleni izindonga akha okungajwayelekile ukuma avaliwe eziyinkimbinkimbi, kolunye uhlangothi okuyinto welula egudle uMfula Dnieper. Ezibiyele kwadingeka 38 imibhoshongo, 7 okwakukhona travel (babe esangweni). I ukujiya udonga 4-6 amamitha kwezinye izindawo, ukuphakama yabo engu-16 amamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqaba wawuvikelwa yizindonga kukhale zobumba kanye umsele. Isango main kwadingeka indlela ephakamisa. Smolensk ezibiyele Isimangaliso wangempela zobunjiniyela. Izindonga zayo babe amazinga amathathu ukulwa: yedwa, maphakathi kanye engenhla. Okwesikhathi yayo, lokhu okusungulile ezibalulekile bokwakha lempi.
Ngo 1609, Sigismund III ufikelwa ibutho amasosha mayelana 22,000 e Smolensk. bevikela umuzi oholwa umbusi wendawo M. B. Shein. Amandla ekuqaleni babe ukungalingani, njengoba abavikeli ka Smolensk, kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-5000 kuphela abantu. Kodwa naphezu kwaleli Eqinisweni, idolobha akazange adikibale kakhulu ngendlela izinyanga 20. Ngesikhathi evimbezela amasosha Smolensk babonisa isibindi isibindi. Kancane kancane siyaphela okudla nezinkuni, ngenxa indawo engahlanzekile abangu izifo ezivamile. Entwasahlobo ka-1610 ngu-150 abantu abafa nsuku zonke, kodwa abavikeli zazingahambi bangayeki. Smolensk ezibiyele ilawulwa abahlaseli ehlobo 1611. Ngo-1654, ngemva kweMpi Russian-Polish, enqabeni waphindiselwa embusweni Russian. Smolensk ezibiyele bahlupheka kakhulu phakathi nempi ye 1812. Ezibiyele elahlekile 8 imibhoshongo, kodwa kwezinye izingxenye izindonga namanje isetshenziselwe ukuzivikela.
umbhoshongo walilondoloza
Kanye inqaba Smolensk wazishaya isifuba 38 nemibhoshongo. Wasinda ukuze izinsuku zethu, kuphela 17 babo. Tower Volkova (Volkhovskaya, Siemienska, umcibisholo) lavuselelwa ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa ngo-1877. A senkingeni efanayo futhi Kostyrevskoy (Powder, Red) umbhoshongo. Esakhiwe ngemuva ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe isakhiwo manje babuyiselwe, itholakala ngaphakathi cafe ekhona. Luchinskaya umbhoshongo noma Veselukha - yezindawo ozithandayo kakhulu lonke bendawo, kusukela ezansi kweNtaba linikeza ukubukwa Amazing ebabazekayo. Ezifundeni ezehlukene sasinda kulandela Smolensk ezibiyele umbhoshongo: Pozdnyakov (Rogovka) Gorodetsky (Eagle), Avramievsky, Zaaltarnaya (Beluga), Shembelevka, Zimbulka, Voronin, Nikolsky Gate, Makhovaia. Of ngabomvu izivakashi kuyinto Thunder - kuba legatsha le Historical Museum, kanye eDonets, eduze kwayo ungabona nezikhumbuzo elalinikezelwe abavikeli komuzi, 1812 futhi 1941-1945. Kopytitskie amasango walondoloza cishe ngo ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni, igama ezikutholile behlonipha komgwaqo, lapho exosha izimvu ukuba ziye edlelweni ngaphambi ukwakhiwa kwalesi Kremlin. Ngokungavamile aqanjwe Tower Bubleyka. Ngokwe-legend, yondliwa amasignali umsindo lapho esondela izitha. On-site Pyatnitskikh umgomo namuhla Church of St Nicholas the Wonderworker, elakhiwa ngo-1816. Esinye isakhiwo esisha se-Kremlin - Kassandalovskaya umbhoshongo, namuhla kuba Museum anikezelwe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngesikhathi indawo ye Dnipro umgomo 1793 Kwakhiwa ithempeli, namuhla wavula lapha kuSonto-sikole.
Ukukhangwa eyinhloko Smolensk namuhla
Kusukela omkhulu Smolensk inqaba liye lasinda kwemibhoshongo nasezingosini, izingcezwana izindonga 17 kuphela. Ngesikhathi ngihamba izivakashi yedolobha kungaba ngephutha nabredat abasinda tincenye izinqaba lasendulo. Smolensk ezibiyele, omlando wakhe eduze zithandelana umlando wombuso wethu, waqaphela njengoba lesikhumbuzo bokwakha Russian of XVI-XVII eminyaka. Wabuyisa izikhathi eziningana, kodwa nokubuyiselwa egcwele kulesi sakhiwo it is hhayi olwenziwa. I uyasinda kwemibhoshongo ku ezahlukene uthi, ezinye zazo wavula Museum izivakashi, abanye abangaba yomphakathi kanye nezohwebo izinhlangano. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho esimeni sayo samanje Smolensk ezibiyele izindonga bheka amazing. Qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela leli eyingqayizivele mathupha ngesikhathi evakashele Smolensk.