Sobumba - Iyini? Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini zobumba zobumba?

Isintu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo esetshenziswa womshini faience amapuleti kanye nezinkomishi. Ezweni lanamuhla, zobumba kubhekwa cishe esisemqoka. Nakuba isitayela imikhiqizo, ubuchwepheshe babo ukukhiqizwa kushintsha njalo, kepha okokusebenza uhlala ingashintshiwe. Kuyini faience, futhi yini izici uye - zama ukuqonda lesi sihloko.

Uyini faience

Faience - material kuyiphi zenziwa izitsha, ingaphakathi, izakhi yezakhiwo , njll It libhekene fragility, ukuminyana futhi porosity esihle ... Igama le nto ovela emzini Italy Faenza, owayedumile ukwenziwa imikhiqizo sobumba.

Sobumba ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ukwenziwa tableware, eziyisikhumbuzo kanye nezipho ahlukahlukene sobumba. Imifanekiso yalolu hlobo zihluke zobumba ukugqama kanye saturation imibala kanye ubukeka fabulous kakhulu. Kepha tableware, kitchenware ngobumba babevame ukukhiqiza ifomu elula ubukeka evamile. Uphelele ukudla nsuku zonke nge tableware elula.

izinhlobonhlobo sobumba

Kuye Ukwakheka kanye nenani ukungcola kukhona izinhlobo eziningana zobumba:

1. sobumba calcareous - ngaphandle asebenza ngebhethri nomhlophe ubumba yakhiwa kashoki dolomite. Ngalezi izithasiselo imikhiqizo zenziwa lula kakhulu futhi ngokushesha.
2. sobumba Soft - kunezelwa ezivamile yenziwe ngohlobo oluhlukile plavni - izinto akha ngesikhathi ezishisayo ukucutshungulwa kwakwakhe fusible.
3. sobumba Feldspar - liqukethe ethile feldspar (amaminerali idwala-ukwakha).
4. ware Hard - ke indaba isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. imikhiqizo enjalo kufanele okusezingeni eliphezulu izakhiwo lokukhanda. Obzhog sobumba esiqinile sihamba ashisa kakhulu kakhulu.

Umlando udengezi

Isintu wayekwazi lokho faience, enye. BC ayizinkulungwane 4. e. Ukwakheka zobumba wokuqala wenza ukuhluka namuhla. EMesophothamiya NaseGibhithe sobumba izihloko ezenziwe asebenza ngebhethri amatshe doped nge soda lime, ithusi nensimbi kuphela emkhandweni wensimbi.

Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, sobumba uvele Old World. Okokuqala wenza ngokuthi majolica kwamanye amadolobha Italy. Khona-ke imikhiqizo zobumba high eyenziwe eFrance, e Saint-Porsche.

ERussia, faience ayedumile ekhulwini XVIII. E-Moscow, wonke efektri imikhiqizo sobumba. Delftware kubiza phakathi kwabantu ngejubane ngokushesha futhi lavuselelwa makhulu. Imikhiqizo izitshalo ezahlukene ezingefani kubo bobabili. Ngakho, inkosi manufactory Grebenshchikov zaveza izitsha koqweqwe lwawo ezimanzi. Ukubumba Association Kuznetsova ezinemibala ehlukahlukene ocwebezelayo enamathela, ivolumu wokusiza noma ukuphrinta umdvwebo. Gzhel imboni ekhiqiza imikhiqizo ikakhulukazi eluhlaza, kanye igolide ngesineke.

Konakovo faience

ukuthuthukiswa Omkhulu ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo zobumba ezenziwe MS Kuznetsov, abathenge ngo-1870 zobumba ifektri e Konakovo. He khiqiza ikakhulukazi sobumba amaphethini ngesandla ngesineke noma ephrintiwe. Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe 20, Kuznetsov eseqala ukuveza izitsha polufayans, zobumba kanye izitsha zobumba. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-20s. ifektri XX leminyaka baqala ukubandakanya abaculi engcono amakhosi yokudweba ukudala amaphethini amahle izitsha kanye nokudalwa ukubaza abanjengezilwane. Imisebenzi yabo ezazidingeka, nakho nomthelela ukunwetshwa ukukhiqizwa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaculi bakwazi ukwakha isitayela eminye imikhiqizo yayo: organic ukuma zobumba izinto ukudlala Yenamani ngokukhazimulayo ngesineke potechnyh nopende ocwebezelayo. Konakovo faience zithunyelwe emazweni amaningi. Eminye imikhiqizo zilondolozwe ngokuphephile walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu.

Semikarakorsk zobumba

Semikarakorsk faience - ocacile mkhuba kwezobuciko Don umhlaba. Rostov esifundeni eyingoduso e yokukhiqiza zobumba kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. imivubukulo eminingi eyatholakala ukhombise ukuba khona Artisanal potteries Semikarakorsk kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kobuKristu.

Art isitayela Semikarakorsky izici sobumba imidwebo sokuqala, buketno-ezimibalabala imihlobiso, izigcawu zemvelo, Motifs zomlando. Masters e imidwebo yakhe, bakwazi ukudlulisela ubuhle namandla endaweni abahlala, Don isiko, umoya Cossacks.

Ngenxa ezingeni eliphezulu ubuciko bokubeka Semikarakorsk faience emhlabeni wonke ukuthola imisebenzi yobuciko.

Izinhlobo sobumba

Namuhla, cishe yonke indawo esetshenziswa zobumba. Lokhu kungenxa nje kuphela ukuba izindleko zaso ongaphakeme, kodwa inkimbinkimbi okwenza izihloko ezinjalo. Elivame ekhiqizwa kakhulu sobumba izitsha: nezitsha, izingcwecwe appetizers kanye izitsha main, nezitsha ezijulile, seledochnitsy, imele isinkwa and khekhe, usoso, bouillon isobho tureens kanye isitsha sezimbali, izinkomishi for iziphuzo ezishisayo, ubisi izimbiza, lokunyenti, ngabe tinkomishi, usawoti kanye noshukela. Ngokuvamile kulezi zinsuku ezitolo ungabona ezihlukahlukene izakhi yezakhiwo kusukela faience, amathayili, izindlu zangasese. nempahla Ikhaya ubufakazi okunjalo akukhona kuphela mayelana zizwakale kahle yomnikazi, kodwa yayihlanganisa nokuthi zezimali inhlalakahle yayo.

kanjani izitsha

Quartz, refractory: izingxenye ezimbili, enye kufanele asebenzise ukudala sobumba ngobumba olumhlophe. Inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo Ceramic iqala ukwelashwa zokugcina. Ngakho, Burning Kwenziwa mass izikhathi eziningana ubumba ezingeni lokushisa 1050 ° C, ngalesi, kufanele ushintshe umbala. Khona-ke ezingeni lokushisa 950 ° C lisetshenziswa nokucwebezela okuzothile esobala noma ezinemibala. Ngesikhathi sigaba sokugcina kabusha kokudubula. Ngenxa yalokho ukuchayeka faience mass uhlala ukungena nakwamanye amazwe futhi efanelekayo lwemigexo imiklamo. Uma zobumba yenzelwa ezingeni lokushisa aphansi, kuyoba ngcono ukugcina okukhulu underglaze upende.

Ngakho, indaba egcina eziningi ukucutshungulwa izinyathelo, ngenkathi iya faience ngomumo. Photo amapuleti yokukhiqiza inqubo utjengisa ukukhambelana uju yale nqubo.

faience sanitary

Eminyakeni yamuva ethandwa kakhudlwana sobumba sanitary. ukukhiqizwa yayo lwenzeka ubuchwepheshe ehlukile kunaleyo womshini izitsha noma imifanekiso. Ukwakha okusezingeni eliphezulu material amandla camera nge imikhiqizo ekhethekile enamathela. Nge efanele futhi ngokucophelela operation sobumba amapayipi bakwazi ukukhonza isikhathi eside ngokwanele kulesi simo uyobheka iyafana ngesikhathi sokuthenga.

Indlela ukuhlukanisa zobumba kusukela china

Abaningi abazi ukuthi umehluko phakathi zobumba olwakhe izitsha zobumba, futhi ngokuvamile udidekile, kodwa phakathi kwazo kukhona umehluko. imikhiqizo bobumba zinezikhathi ngezinga eliphansi mhlophe, aba maningi odongeni ukujiya kanye amandla aphansi. izinto Iphele zihlukaniswa Umumo bushelelezi. Izitsha, uma kuqhathaniswa ngobumba abakwazi ukugcina ukushisa isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo enjalo kungaba yini ukumelana okushisa aphezulu. Uma izitsha ziwashwe ngamanzi ashisayo, kungaba inqamuke. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi kuba esiwusizo ukusebenzisa tableware ezenziwe ngobumba.

Ukuze uqonde kahle umehluko phakathi zobumba olwakhe izitsha zobumba, ungenza ukuqhathanisa imikhiqizo kusukela lezi zinto. Eyokuqala umehluko obalulekile - isihloko sonority. Kufanele kube lula kokukokoda emaphethelweni plate. Zobumba likhipha nokububula eside futhi abahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo thud insimbi faience.

Kungenzeka futhi ukucacisa faience nezici zangaphandle. Izinto ezenziwe zobumba ayihambisi ukukhanya. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo udubule lokushisa iphansana. Umehluko esiphawulekayo bushelelezi kwamanzi phansi izitsha. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone dimples ezincane, okuyinto akhiwa ngesikhathi kokudubula. Ukuze uqhathanise, phansi china uhlale anolaka.

Abanikazi of izitsha ukuba more kwezomnotho ukumphatha futhi ukuqapha isimo sakhe. Uma ukuqhekeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo enjalo kuyinto engathandeki, njengoba amabhaktheriya ukungena ezimbotsheni sebumba, ungakwazi avuse ukuthuthukiswa izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Indlela anakekele faience

Njenganoma iyiphi izitsha, imikhiqizo sobumba zidinga ukunakekelwa ethize. Uma sicabanga ngakho konke of property le nto, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba banamathele imithetho wokusebenza, ukunweba ukuphila inkonzo faience.

Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu - ukugeza izihloko ngobumba kuphela emanzini afudumele bese uxubha nasemakhazeni. Endabeni amanzi ashisayo ku izitsha akhiwa ukuqhekeka okuncane kanye nesakhiwo impahla eziphukile.

Insipho, ikakhulukazi izimpushana, akukuhle ukusebenzisa. Ekhanyisa izitsha mnyama ingasetshenziswa isixazululo of baking soda noma usawoti kanye uviniga endaweni isilinganiso 1: 1. Ikakhulukazi kufanele ngokucophelela banakekele izihloko ngegolide. Iqiniso ukuthi izibalo, okuyinto ahlotshiswe faience, ngezinkomishi ezinamekwe ngomthofu. Ngakho-ke, ukuwasha nangemva kokuyalwa kaningi bunjalo. Kepha gilding - ke sisetshenziswa phezu ocwebezelayo futhi kancane kancane kusulwe ekusetshenzisweni njalo. Ngakho-ke, indawo elihlotshiswe ngegolide upende, awukwazi ukukuthinta kakhulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa indwangu ethambile noma isipanji. Susa amabala kusuka imikhiqizo sobumba can ngendwangu oswakanyiswe esincane ammonia.

Naphezu izinzuzo zobumba, abantu bazoqhubeka ukuthenga zobumba. Lokhu kuvusa abakhiqizi Ceramic ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo emisha ukuze kuhambisane netinhloso.