Sterilisation: izindlela nezindlela. Sterilisation njengoba indlela magciwane

Ukuze azilungiselele amathuluzi yezokwelapha ukusebenzisa, izindlela ezahlukene ezisetshenziswa. Sterilisation - omunye wabo. Le nqubo engenziwa usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene, ekwazi ukunikeza umphumela oyifunayo. Kodwa okokuqala, kuyasiza ukuqonda inhloso izici inqubo.

inzalo izindlela

Ukwenza umsebenzi we- magciwane futhi inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha udinga ukubhubhisa noma iwukudambisa izinhlobo ezahlukene nezilwanyana ezincane. Izinqubo ezinjalo zibalulekile, futhi uma indiva, kukhona ingozi izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukonakala kuhlanganise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eqenjini ingozi kokubili iziguli kanye nezisebenzi zosizo.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene inzalo bemishini yezokwelapha. Njengoba for izinga magciwane, kungaba ihlolwe esebenzisa swabs ukuhlonza Staphylococcus aureus namagciwane okuqondene iqembu Escherichia coli futhi Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

kakhulu Inqubo decontamination ka mathuluzi ngokuvamile kuhilela magciwane, kulandele yokuhlanza kanye inzalo. Imithetho yenqubo evunywe i-Ministry of Health Russian Federation. Ngaphambi ucabangela izindlela ezithile inzalo zokubethwa kusetshenziswa imithi yesimanje, kubalulekile ukuba bajwayelane umqondo jikelele magciwane.

Kuyini magciwane

Leligama lisetshenziswa ukuchaza inqubo ukuze afeze ukubhujiswa nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic kanye kunemibandela pathogenic Laphezu ka iliphi igumbi, kuhlanganise phansi, izindonga futhi ukushintsha, imikhiqizo kwenjongo yezokwelapha, Cookware kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D.

izindlela ezinjalo kufanele zisetshenziselwe kunoma iyiphi indawo kokuba iphrofayela zokwelapha kanye zokuvimbela. Njengoba inkinga ukhiye magciwane kungenziwa ngokuthi nokuqedwa, kanye isixwayiso inqubo ekuqongeleleni, esiphelweni kanye ukusabalala kwamagciwane.

Ukubulala amagciwane kungaba ebalulekile noma ifomu izifo. izindlela ezahlukene zokwenza zingasetshenziswa ngaphansi le nqubo. Sterilisation kuleli cala nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela abantu kungenzeka ukutheleleka. inqubo okunjalo kuhilela yokuhlanza ezimanzi nsuku zonke futhi jikelele, okuyinto eyenziwa njalo ngesonto. Kodwa magciwane ebalulekile Kwenziwa kuphela lapho kukhona izinsolo ku okuvela futhi basakaza ukutheleleka ezibhedlela.

Yini esetshenziswa zokukhipha igciwane ngempumelelo

Akhuluma ngokuzokwenzeka umuthi othize ukuthi isetshenziswa iwukudambisa izilokazane ezincane, kuyafaneleka ukuthi choice senziwa kuncike ekutheni, nge yisiphi isifo esithathelwanayo ukubhekana nazo.

I degree of magciwane umphumela futhi uhlobo mshini wezokwelapha. Ngakho, inqubo abe ezingeni eliphezulu, Lesisemkhatsini ongaphakeme.

Sami amathuluzi kanye nemikhiqizo yezokwelapha zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana:

1. ezibucayi. Isetshenziselwa ukungena izitsha, izicubu oyinyumba umzimba, okwenza izazi ukuxhumana izixazululo komjovo noma igazi.

2. Polukriticheskie. Ngokuhamba nokusebenza kwabo Kwenziwa contact isikhumba eliphukile noma nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.

3. Non-ezibucayi. Bayadingeka contact nge isikhumba njengoba yayinjalo.

Izindlela inzalo imikhiqizo yezokwelapha

Le nqubo ingachazwa njengengxenye izinyathelo magciwane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwenziwe kusetshenziswa amasu ambalwa ayinhloko:

1. Steam indlela. Ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo, umhwamuko isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ukuze kufezekiswe le ndlela yokukhuluma ukuba inzalo kungenzeka esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile - le autoclave.

2. Chemical inzalo indlela. Kulokhu, ngokuhamba ibaluleke chemical izixazululo. Izibulali-magciwane lingasetshenziswa njenge-hydrogen peroxide noma Alaminol.

3. yokuhlanza emoyeni. Kube isetshenziswa umoya oshisayo ezomile, okuyinto eyenza ekhiqizwa esebenzisa kuhhavini.

4. Physical. Ingqikithi ke kuyehla kube ithuluzi ukucutshungulwa by abilayo emanzini distilled lapho sodium kungenziwa wanezela.

5. Biology. Ngezinye isizinda salo ukusetshenziswa ezahlukene nezilwanyana ezincane umbango. Imiphumela izuzwe bacteriophages ukubulala Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ama-bacterium-typhoid, staphylococci nabanye.

6. ngemisebe. Amathuluzi bavezwa gamma rays.

7. Ukusebenzisa plasma.

I obanzi kunayo umusi inzalo. zako ezisemqoka ziyancipha kuya lula ukusetshenziswa, kancane isikhathi ukudliwa nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa (zingahlungwa yimaphi amathuluzi).

Kodwa-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ukuqonda ukuthi zonke izindlela futhi izindlela inzalo asetshenziswa zokwelapha kanye prophylactic izikhungo iphrofayli, uyedwa umusi indlela akugcini. Ngakho-ke, i-main wabo zikhangele ngonanzelelo.

Ukusetshenziswa umusi

Ukunaka indlela umusi inzalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi namanje indlela ezingabizi kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa ukusingatha amadivaysi ezokwelapha ukushisa ukumelana ezibhedlela.

Amathuluzi ezibekwe emaphaketheni ekhethekile noma ibhokisi, okungaba kokubili lemifanekiso ngaphandle kwalo. Njengoba i-ejenti lokuhlanzisisa esetshenzisiwe elihlale umusi okuyinto ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngokweqile. Kulabo zokubethwa zenziwa zethusi noma insimbi engagqwali, kungukuthi empeleni wadalula autoclaving. Izinguquko, uma kwenzeka, emincane.

Intuthu inzalo indlela lisetshenziselwa for magciwane zomculo ethize kanye jikelele kuhlinzwa, izingxenye amadivayisi nemishini wenza metal ukumelana ukugqwala, ngezinaliti (uphawu 200 ° C), ingilazi, latex iraba imikhiqizo, amapulasitiki athile, sutures kanye kusaladi , kanye izingubo kuhlinzwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela umusi kungenzeka isicelo inzalo ligature suture. Sikhuluma kuhlinzwa ezisontekile kasilika futhi inayiloni lokuluhlaza, i-polyester izintambo, nabanye.

indlela umoya

Ukusebenzisa emoyeni elomile hot kungaba azimisele njengoba inqubo ubudala kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyo yonke leminyaka elidlule, kuyindlela ezivamile ukubhekana ingozi yokutheleleka. Kodwa okwamanje, ezokwelapha zesimanje isebenzisa emoyeni inzalo indlela kancane njalo, zikhetha umusi.

Ukuze ibe nomphumela oyifunayo kumathuluzi kule nqubo ehilela emoyeni sterilizers lapho izinga lokushisa ifinyelela ku-160-180 ° C. Kulesi ekushiseni okuhangulayo alisetshenziswa nhlobo inzalo izixazululo nemijovo. Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi ngenxa ongaphakeme conductivity ezishisayo lokushisa emoyeni, ikhambi akanayo isikhathi ukufinyelela ezingeni oyifunayo. Kodwa talc, izimpushana materials ukushisa ukumelana, izinto asizayo kanye glass amabhodlela kungenziwa kusetshenzwe ngempumelelo.

Ikhwalithi inqubo inzalo kuxhomeke kakhulu indlela ngokulinganayo basakaza emoyeni owomile hot ekamelweni. Uma lokhu ubhekwa okungcono abathandekayo sterilizers ezivumela ukuthola ukugeleza laminar air sishisiswe izinga lokushisa oyifunayo.

Ukusebenzisa i-chemistry

Chemical inzalo indlela ayikwazi ngokuthi eziyisisekelo kodwa wenza umsebenzi asizayo yenqubo ngokwanele. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukwelapha labo zokubethwa abakwazi withstanding okushisa aphakeme.

Inqubo ngokwaso esiqhutshwa ekamelweni uphawu egcwele ethylene oxide. Ngokuvamile i-inzalo egcwele iyadingeka kusukela amahora 15 kuya 16. Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kugcinwa at 18 ° C.

Futhi, ukuqinisekisa magciwane oluphelele amathuluzi angasetshenziswa izixazululo ekhethekile anamandla (formalin, povidone-iodine, pervomur et al.).

plasma amasu

Uma kungenzeka, ezibhedlela ke esikhundleni ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi emva kokwelashwa ne isixazululo noma ethylene oxide ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngenkathi akunakwenzeka - ngenxa yemiphumela anobuthi yenqubo inzalo. Uma usebenzisa i-plasma izinkinga ezinjalo kuyaqedwa.

Indlela lilula: I-magciwane amathuluzi pair wakhonza e-hydrogen peroxide kanye plasma yayo, lapho izinga lokushisa at 36 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ensimini kagesi, ukwakheka radicals khulula, okuyinto iwukudambisa Amagciwane. Ukuze kuzuzwe elamukelekile, kuzomele imizuzu 30-40 yalesi umthelela ngezinsimbi wezokwelapha kanye izinto.

Ungasebenzisa ezinye izindlela. Ozone inzalo, isibonelo, futhi ibonisa imiphumela emihle ekwelapheni imikhiqizo musa ukuwela isigaba ukushisa ukumelana.

indlela ngemisebe

Kulokhu, ithuluzi ukucutshungulwa senziwa esebenzisa gamma rays. Usebenzise le ndlela ukulungisa magciwane zomculo okuyinto ebucayi emiphumeleni amakhemikhali lokushisa eziphakemeyo. Le ndlela nezilwanyana ezincane magciwane ubhujiswe ngenxa ukukhululwa ionizing amandla.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndlela okokugcina yayingekho ngaphansi ethandwa ukwedlula ezinye izindlela. Sterilisation yalolu hlobo Ayimkhangi ngenxa izinzuzo eziningana eziphathekayo:

- amathuluzi nezimpahla ingasetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva inqubo magciwane;

- ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungenzeka ngisho amaphakheji uphawu, okungase agcinwe isikhathi eside;

- amathuluzi asihlali ezinobuthi.

ukulawula izinga

Kuzo zonke izindawo ezehlukene impilo asetshenziselwa magciwane izindlela ukulawula inzalo. Lawa izenzo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukulungiselela amathuluzi. ukususwa Ikhishwa izinhlayiya esihle ukuthi ingahlala ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

2. Amanzi akhethiwe kuphela izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu siyadingeka futhi ezithambile. Lokhu ugwema umonakalo autoclave kanye impahla ngokwayo, okuyinto inzalo. A engcono yayiyobizwa distilled noma amanzi demineralized.

3. Ikhishwa control unomphela ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi yonke inqubo.

4. Ukulungiswa inani ukuhambisana thwebula impahla sterilizable.

Ngokusobala, izindlela ngokomzimba inzalo isikhathi eside akukuphela indlela magciwane of e imithi yesimanje. Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha indlela ubuchwepheshe okuqeqesha esikhathini Russian zezempilo lingachazwa ngokuthi a nezimo futhi ephumelelayo.