Trichinosis - kuyini? Izimpawu, umzila ukutheleleka, ukwelashwa, zokuvimbela

Emvelweni, kukhona lenqwaba eziphilayo bukhoma ukuthi sebejwayele ukuba siphile ukuphila yisinanakazana. Futhi bangakwazi ukuphila hhayi kuphela izilwane, futhi abaningi babo vuma ngo emzimbeni womuntu. Inkinga ukuthi lezi izimuncagazi kungukuthi nje ubuthi ukudla lokho kwakubeka ukuphila kwabo, kodwa futhi kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa izifo eziningi. Ukuze labo ukukhathazeka, futhi trichinosis. Kuyini, sichaza kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Trichinosis - a ...

Lesi sifo libhekisela ukutheleleka. Abathwali kuba Trichinella. Lezi roundworms usebenzisa aphethe ukuphila lizalele. Trichinosis kwenzeka ngokuvamile ezilwaneni, ikakhulukazi ezidla. Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu ukutheleleka amabhere, izimpungushe, walruses, izingulube zasendle, izimpisi, amahhashi.

Man kalula ukubamba lesi sifo, uma kungekhona ubambe kahle inyama ukushisa kabi kwezilwane itheleleke.

agent causative

Amagciwane kukhona helminths encane Trichinella spiralis, umzimba wabo phezulu camera cuticle okuqinile. Osayizi ziyahlukahluka kusuka 1.2 mm kuya ku-4 mm. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi insikazi emva kokukhulelwa kuba cishe kabili inqobo. indlela ezidlayo zokuphila zalezi izimpethu kuye kwaholela iqiniso lokuthi babe idivayisi ekhethekile ngesimo stylet ukunamathisela umninikhaya emathunjini. Ukuthuthukiswa omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni amagciwane ufinyelela uhlelo zokuzala.

Lezi izibungu yisinanakazana zitholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle e-Australia, kodwa iningi isifo (trichinosis) sitholakale Nenkabazwe. I izifo kubantu Kuvamile futhi ngaphezulu lezo zindawo lapho kukhona emaphaketheni enkulu izindawo zemvelo lezi ezidala.

Umthombo ukutheleleka ngoba abantu kukhona ezifuywayo nezilwane zasendle ehlaselwe trichinosis.

indlela ukutheleleka

Abantu zithandwa lesi sifo, kuyoba okwanele 10-15 kuphela amagremu inyama okunobuthi ukubamba trichinosis. Ukuthi kuyini, abaningi kwadingeka achazele. Kodwa abathandi inyama ngegazi musa njalo bakholelwa ukuthi bangaba Sebawoti ngoba izibungu yisinanakazana.

Ukutheleleka zingenzeka uma udla inyama encane, okuyinto ngamathumba amabi noma gazinga. Umthombo sifo bangaba amafutha. Kaningi ukutheleleka kwandile, isibonelo, bagule emkhayeni efanayo, izingane kanye nabantu abadala, amalungu inkampani efanayo, ngubani badla itheleleke inyama.

Izibungu we Amagciwane isifo bayabulawa kuphela ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-80 degrees, ngakho pickling evamile noma ukubhema izimpethu asithinti ukusebenza.

sokuphila Trichinella

Lezi yizilwanyana eziwuhlupho kukhona izimpethu viviparous. Esikhathini esiningi kukhona umzimba yisinanakazana, umninikhaya main, uhlalwe i impethu omdala, futhi phakathi, lapho asathuthuka isibungu. Ukuze Trichinella ingenye futhi umzimba ofanayo. Kungenzeka kwezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, kodwa hhayi indoda.

Emzimbeni isilwane, isibonelo, uma sicabangela trichinosis ezingulubeni, izimpethu omdala bahlala emathunjini amancane futhi esigabeni elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu, bakhetha imisipha striated.

Ngemva umuntu odla nesineke inyama yezilwane, kahle izibungu thermally baphathwe lomgudu wokugaya ukudla bese kuphuma capsule emva kwesikhashana ukungena emathunjini amancane. Cishe emahoreni angu-24 izingane abesifazane noma abesilisa, okuyinto esebenzisa stylet enamathiselwe odongeni emathunjini bese uqale copulate.

Phakathi parasitism emzimbeni insikazi sizala 1500 hlobo zabo. Le nkathi Akuthathi izinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-2. Izibungu kancane kancane ukungena lymph negazi izitsha futhi enaba yonke umzimba. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva befinyelela imisipha, lapho izinsuku ezingu-20 isibungu uyaqhubeka ekuthuthukisweni yayo, ngemva kwalokho-ke kuba isikhathi eside ukufinyelela esigabeni infective waligingqa ngendlela Kuvunguza.

Kwangezikhathi host aphendule kwakuwukuhlasela enjalo, futhi isibungu uqala ukwakha emhlabeni capsule zezinzwa, nakho ivikela futhi efakwa nomsoco kanye nomoya-mpilo.

Trichinosis kubantu ingahlala iminyaka engu-2, ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, capsule nge izibungu kancane kancane embozwe calcium nosawoti. Kuleli zinga, kulomzimba amagciwane ngeke bakwazi ukuqalisa i umjikelezo entsha yentuthuko, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uthole umnikazi omusha. Kuphela kuleli cala, isibungu ukhululeka capsule, futhi lonke umjikelezo ukuthuthukiswa iyaphindwa.

Izigaba zokuphila we amagciwane

Ngakho, uma utadisha ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe impethu yisinanakazana, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Emathunjini. Iqala kusukela ngesikhathi ngokudla inyama utheleleke futhi iphela inqubo laying izibungu. Yonke esiteji kuthatha cishe 40-60 days.
2. Isigaba ukuthuthela ukuhambisa izibungu ngomzimba, oqala ngaso izinsuku 5-6 ukutheleleka.
3. Imisipha isigaba iqala okwamanje lapho amagciwane izibungu ukufinyelela kwemisipha izicubu eqala ukukhula khona futhi ekugcineni jikisa capsule. Kuleli zinga, bangakwazi ukuthelela abanye futhi iphila amashumi eminyaka, lesi sifo odlulayo olwengeziwe.

Trichinosis babe lapha umjikelezo yentuthuko emzimbeni hhayi kuphela abantu kodwa futhi izilwane.

Izimpawu izifo kubantu

Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka okokuqala, owokuqala kungekho imizwa musa kuphakama kuze isifo eba (trichinosis). Izimpawu kubantu lapho isibungu kuphela ezitholakala amathumbu, kungase kube kanje:

• ukuqunjelwa;
• ubuhlungu esiswini;
• ukukhathala;
• ingavela ukuhlanza nesicanucanu.

Kodwa abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi zonke lezi izimpawu zingase zibonise ukuthi khona eziwuhlupho, bathambekela ngokwengeziwe elinobuthi, izifo emathunjini, ngakho isikhathi akazange athathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Kodwa-ke lokhu kuzothatha isikhathi eside impela, futhi isibungu ifinyelela kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba imisipha, lokho lapho izimpawu ziyabonakala licace okuningi:

• ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• lokushisa umzimba liyaphuma;
• Useqala zigcwala ubuso, amehlo redden nokuthuthukisa conjunctivitis.

• isiguli kucikelela ukukhanya;
• bangezwa ubuhlungu bekhanda;
• Abantu akhononde ukutubeka futhi Ukugodola.

Lapho kufika ithuba izibungu zibe capsule, lingena esigabeni sokugcina trichinosis, izimpawu umuntu iqala abohle, yokutakula kwenzeka. Kodwa ingozi ekhona yokuthi izilonda ukuthi zisetshenziswa izimuncagazi kungaba yingozi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile lokwenza ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi futhi bathathe zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa.

Yini engabangela trichinosis

Manje yonke into icacile ne trichinosis isifo. Kuyini, sithole, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isifo ongacimekiyo ngaphandle kwemiphumela ngoba umzimba, futhi nakakhulu uma singelashwa. Against isizinda trichinosis kukhona izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo umgudu wokuphefumula, kukhona ukuphazamiseka isimiso sezinzwa, imithambo yegazi nemithambo ye imisipha yenhliziyo.

Ngisho noma ukwelashwa wenziwa, kuba buhlungu enkulu kulo lonke izivikeli mzimba, isiguli cishe ilahlekelwa amandla olwawuvikele.

Kaningi izimpawu pneumonia, myocarditis noma meningoencephalitis lungaveli njengoba isifo ezimele, kanye umphumela trichinosis. Kukhona amacala ngisho sokufa.

Okuyikona

Uma ubheka izibalo imikhiqizo yokuphambuka sitholakele trichinosis, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi izifo yisinanakazana ayiqondakali wafunda. Hhayi njalo esolwa odokotela isifo banamathele amacebo zokuxilonga, ngakho isikhathi elahlekile.

A kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu olunembile ukuxilongwa "trichinosis" yilezi:

• luhlolo emitholampilo;
• idatha umlando epidemiological;
• ethize laboratory sokuhlola.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zifana kakhulu ukubonakaliswa ezinye izifo, Ngokuvamile akulula ukusithola njengoba: umkhuhlane, SARS, uhudo nezinye.

Odokotela kufanele uqaphele futhi ukwazi ukuthi izici eziyinhloko oluhlukanisa lokhu ayehlasela ziyimfiva, ephelezelwa lapho ukhwehlela nobuhlungu bomzimba, ukuvuvukala ebusweni, ukopha sclera, ubuhlungu emehlweni. ukuhlolwa Laboratory ukukhombisa eosinophilia ophikelelayo, futhi leukocytosis.

Cacisa izindlela laboratory kungaboniswa kuphela isimo, okuyinto zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:

1. parasitological;
2. immunological.

Iqembu lokuqala izindlela okusekelwe ukuthola izibungu e inyama futhi nesineke biopsy imisipha zesivikelo sesifuba. izindlela Immunological zokuxilonga zihlanganisa:

• ucwaningo allergological;
• ukusetshenziswa kwamasu nezindlela serological.

amasu Allergological kabi, ngakho kungukuthi esetshenziselwa uphethwe. Ukuze ukuhlolwa serological, ukuthi umkhuba zihlanganisa:

• coagulation ukusabela umphelelisi;
• ukuhlolwa precipitin interfacial;
• engaqondile hemagglutination ukuphendula;
• exhumene Assay immunosorbent.

I last izindlela ezimbili abhekwa kakhulu ulwazi nokunokwethenjelwa e uphethwe yini.

ukuxilongwa umehluko trichinosis

Hhayi ngokunikeza umfundi ithuba isifo ngokuvamile kudidaniswe umkhuhlane noma SARS, mibandela babe nezimpawu ezifanayo. Kodwa kudingeka wazi ukuthi kufanele ezinye umehluko, okuyinto zimi kanje:

1. Ngo izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, bavame ukuba ikhanda ku brow.
2. izimpawu zokuphefumula babe evelele nge Umkhuhlane nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
3. Ngaphansi evelele kwemisipha ubuhlungu.

Ungakwazi namanje udidekile trichinosis nge neparatyphoid ebangelwa noma i-typhoid fever, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zifo izimpawu zikhulisa kancane kancane, iziguli ziba engasenamahloni, livela sokuzincisha ukudla, uqweqwe futhi wambozwa grey ukuchichima ulimi ezingcolile.

Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukuxilongwe futhi umahluko kusuka nezinye izinhlobo trichinosis ehlasela. Yingakho kuba nezindlela ezidingekayo kangaka ukuhlola laboratory.

Ukwelapha isifo

Ukuze ube ukubhekana nemiphumela yaleso sifo, kubalulekile ukwazi, ikakhulukazi abalandeli wokuzingela, kanjani ukuhlola for trichinosis izingulube. Ungahlala ukuthumela umkhiqizo wabo elabhorethri ezikhethekile nokuziphatha luhlolo wezilwane-sanitary.

Ngeshwa, ususe amagciwane kusukela izicubu imisipha akunakwenzeka, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe yonke imizamo ukususa izimpawu nekugwema umthombo ukutheleleka. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ngaphambili okuyikona futhi ukwelashwa okufanele isiqalisile, ebuhlungwini ngaphansi kukhona nemiphumela umzimba.

Ngokuvamile, uma kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini "trichinosis", ukuphathwa kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Isicelo izidakamizwa antiparasitic. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala kungase "Albendazole", "mebendazole". Kubalulekile awabeka uma kukhona amagciwane emathunjini.

• Sebenzisa imithi steroid ukuze ngempumuzo ukuvuvukala, okungase ukuthuthukisa ku isizinda kufuduka elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu.
• Ukuthatha ubuhlungu imithi kungasiza ekunciphiseni izinhlungu emisipheni.

Uma kwenzeka trichinosis ezinzima, ukwelashwa wenziwa esibhedlela. Udokotela kufanele ubaxwayise isiguli ukuthi inalo mayelana 6 izinyanga emva yokutakula bangezwa ubuhlungu bemisipha.

umsebenzi zokuvimbela

Ukuvimbela trichinosis elula ngokwanele, kodwa ngeke ukuvikela lesi sifo esikhohlisayo. Konke kuyadingeka, ngakho lokhu ukuthi ilungile futhi ngokucophelela ukukhetha inyama zokupheka, futhi okubeka kuso ukwelashwa ukushisa isikhathi eside.

Lokhu kunjalo, ikakhulu Ongoti inyama yezilwane zasendle, okuyinto emva ekuzingeleni abathanda ukupheka phezu komlilo zithokozise khona kanye onqenqemeni yehlathi kweqiniso. Ukuze basakaze trichinosis ezingulubeni, ngisho nesidingo ekuhlatshweni izilwane eyenziwa ngemva Izilawuli sanitary. Gcina ngenkani inyama eluhlaza kumele kuphela izibungu eqandisiwe angaphila lokushisa ongaphakeme izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngakho inyama kufanele ukufriza okungenani ngesonto futhi ngamanani thermometer akazidluli lokususa 23 degrees. Inyama okuthengiswa ezitolo, njengoba umthetho, akufanele abe yingozi empilweni yomuntu, njengasekuqaleni zisebenzise ke njalo uya ukuhlolwa wezilwane nezenhlanzeko.

Thina adiliza le trichinosis isifo, lokho kutholakala. Futhi ungakwazi ukufinyelela kwesakho eyodwa kuphela esinqumeni konke lokhu. impilo yawo wonke umuntu kusezandleni zabo, futhi kumelwe aphathe it sina nangokuhlakanipha. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingozi kungaba isicupho ngisho lapho asilindele.