Sultanate of Oman: Managing

izwe UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki enomlando wasendulo - the Sultanate of Oman, lonke okuzoba inganekwane yangempela Oriental, manje kuyanda phakathi izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. inhlanganisela Lapha enhle yesevisi eliphezulu, izimo esihle kakhulu ebhishi ngamaholidi futhi uhlelo ezithakazelisayo uhambo.

indaba

I Sultanate of Oman, umlando esithathe ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, njengoba indawo ukuhlaliswa kwabantu owaziwa kusukela ezikhathini Paleolithic. Kube umgwaqo zabantu e-Afrika weza Asia. Esikhathini 4-3 yeminyaka BC, Oman, endaweni lalihlala abantu babehilelekile ukuhweba nge eMesophothamiya, Hindustan, iGibithe neTopiya. Esikhathini 6th ekhulwini BC indawo wahlaselwa namaPheresiya wahlala ngaphansi kokulawula kwazo eminyaka. Esikhathini 7th ekhulwini BC kule ndawo baba ingxenye Arab sompristi, isethwe Islam. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-16, leli zwe ubuswa Arabhu. Kamuva, leli zwe ubuswa isiPutukezi, okuyinto ngezikhathi axoshwe namaPheresiya.

Kuphela ngo-1650, Imam Sultan bin Saif ukhulula insimu futhi adale geqe. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana lizwe isiqala ziphenduke futhi sandise. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-19 Oman eyilungu enamandla kunazo Oman Empire. Ngalesi sikhathi, esigabeni sika-insimu phakathi kwabantwana bakwa-kombusi. Insimu Oman yesimanje uwela ngaphansi protectorate British.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uqala zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi izizwe ezihlukahlukene kanti ukunyakaza separatist ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nezwe yezwe. Ngo-1938, entsha Sultan Said Bin Taimur, owakwazi ukunqoba ingxenye yangaphakathi yezwe, wabuyela isimo ezingeni ephakathi zentuthuko kanye nokuphathwa. Futhi ngokuqinisekile lokho kwaholela iziyaluyalu, nokuhlela ukuba amandla ngaphandle kokusekelwa British ngo-July 1970 kuza Sultan Qaboos Bin Wathi, okuyinto kancane kancane yakha ukuphila kuleli zwe. Yena wesimanje emnothweni kanye komphakathi wombuso. Ngo-1987, izwe wavula izivakashi iqala ukwakha ingqalasizinda entsha.

geography

Oman namuhla ihlanganisa indawo obuyizinkulungwane 300 amakhilomitha square eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNhlonhlo Arabhiya. Ubude umngcele kuyinto 3400 km. emazweni angomakhelwane Iran (ngokusebenzisa Strait of Hormuz), ne-United Arab Emirates futhi Yemen. A ahlukene ingxenye isimo ukwenza Musandam nhlonhlo, okuyinto nginqume lonke Arab Emirates, Masirah Isiqhingi futhi idlanzana leziqhingi-Kuria Muria.

Impumuzo yezwe ugxile flat, zitholakala enyakatho Hajar Izintaba nge iphuzu esiphezulu - Mount Jebel Shams (3000 m). Oman - ezweni eliwugwadule, akukho emifuleni unomphela, ukusakaza yesikhashana ingavela ngenxa yezimvula.

Ukubheka ibalazwe yezwe, omunye bangase bazibuze okuyinto kweminye yale mizi inhloko-dolobha Sultanate of Oman: Muscat, Salalah, Suveyk, Ibri noma Barca? Inhlokodolobha olusemthethweni Muscat, elinye eliholwa amayunithi abo zokuphatha futhi, eqinisweni, futhi, iyinhloko-dolobha, kodwa ngezinga ezincane. Zonke izifundazwe 11 kuleli zwe imele. Ekhatsi Muscat iyikhaya abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-730, nazo zonke ezinye nemizana kukhona phakathi 80 130 ayizinkulungwane abantu.

Isimo sezulu

I Sultanate of Oman kuyinto ezishisayo ehlane sezulu. Lapha, izinga lokushisa neze lehla ngezansi degrees 20. Kodwa ngokuvamile, isimo sezulu yezwe siyahluka kakhulu. Coastal zone usuku ehlobo ngokuvamile lifudumeza kuya ku-40 °, izinga lokushisa kuyehla degrees 10 ebusuku Kodwa enyakatho futhi ingaphakathi entwasahlobo nasehlobo zithonywa imimoya kusukela ehlane futhi sekuqala ukufudumala kuya degree 50. I amplitude we ekushintshashintsheni lokushisa kukhona elikhulu kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi ukufinyelela degrees 30. Winter isilinganiso emini kuyinto degrees 25, futhi ebusuku angehla 10-15. Ezindaweni eziwugwadule, isilinganiso ebusika zinesilinganiso sezinga lokushisa kungenzeka degrees 30-40 ebusuku ngisho ukuba 2-5. Amazinga amanzi Gulf neze lize liba ngaphansi kwe-degree angu-24, ngakho-isizini ukugeza ihlala unyaka wonke.

sezulu Oman sika ezomile kuholela yokuthi kwezinye izindawo awugwadule emvuleni ungaya izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka. Ogwini, imvula ngokuvamile ebusika, izinga labo akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-200 mm. imvula Iningi (500 mm ngonyaka) kuyinto ezindaweni sezintaba lizwe. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba kwezokuvakasha kwesikhathi Okthoba kuya April, lapho kukhona sezulu ezimnandi kakhulu.

polity

I Sultanate of Oman ohlelweni zaso zezombangazwe - i ohlanga ngokuphelele. Sultan ukhonza njengomdala umholi wezwe, uMkhuzi, uNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle, Ezezimali nokuvikela, isiKhulu Imam kanye yamajaji. Ngqo abangaphansi kwakhe iKhabhinethi, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi aqokwe Sultan.

Umthetho main sisebenza kuleli zwe evunywe Sultan, ogxile ekuhlakanipheni kwabo futhi ngobunyoninco. In the state uvinjelwe wonke amaqembu ezombusazwe nezinyunyana. Amandla kuleli zwe ngofuzo, akukho ukhetho ayakhumuka.

Kuze 1970, Oman sivaliwe nguhulumende. Namuhla, inqubomgomo angaphandle of the Sultanate of Oman ishintshile, efuna ukuzuza ukuthembeka ngaphezulu enkundleni ngamazwe. UMbuso eyilungu iNhlangano Arab States, i-United Nations, "Conference Islamic". Leli zwe bayibutho professional amancane okuchitha okuqukethwe yayo engaba ngu-11% we-GDP.

umnotho

Ngesisekelo umnotfo isizinda nokudayiswa uwoyela. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-Sultanate kuhloswe tshala emnothweni, abafuna ukuthuthukisa neminye imikhakha production, ngokukhethekile, izimali eziningi aphonswe at ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha. Namuhla, esifundeni Persian uqala kancane kancane akha uhlobo olusha lukahulumeni - iyona Sultanate of Oman. Ulwazi mayelana ukukhathala kungenzeka reserves uwoyela ngamanani aphansi ngoba amafutha ophoqelelwe izwe ngenkuthalo ufune izindlela ezintsha ukuthuthukiswa.

Ngaphambi ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha lezimpahla endaweni umnotho Oman kwakusekelwe ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo. I namuhla izwe kuyinto umphakeli enkulu izinsuku. Isizinda enhlanzi nezinye izinto zasolwandle evumela isimo hhayi kuphela nezidingo zasekhaya, kodwa futhi ukuthekelisa mikhiqizo ngempumelelo. Eseduze ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo yezindlela zasolwandle ivumela Oman ukuzuza lokuthumela. I Sultanate uhlu emazweni 100 ne-GDP eliphakeme lengenako, kodwa ukwehla kwamanani kawoyela has a usongo ezisemqoka nokusimama kwezomnotho. Ngakho namuhla wonke amabutho kwesokunxele nokuthuthukisa izimboni zabo kanye kudalwa eliphezulu izivakashi ingqalasizinda.

labantu

I Sultanate of Oman linabantu abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 4, cishe ingxenye okuyinto bagxila ezizungeze inhloko-dolobha. Ubuningi abantu km² ngalinye 15. Eminyakeni yamuva, lokuzalwa izinga lokufa kancane kancane bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Umnyaka imidiyeni Oman - engu-24. I evelele uhlanga - Arabhu (80%). Phakathi kwabo ukuhlukanisa izizwe bomdabu (Arab-Aribot), kanye babevela Yemen futhi ubuzwe okuxubile (ekumele Aribot). Ezindaweni ezisogwini ubuswa mulattos. Esifundazweni Dhofar uhlala abantu abaningana abazibiza "kara". Egazini labo ezingaphezu kuka ingxenye Negroid futhi iseduze imixhantela sezizwe zakwa-Ethiopia. Futhi abahlala ezweni amaNdiya, abasePheresiya, izizwe ayimizulane.

Inkolo isimo Oman - ibadizm. Lokhu legatsha Islam, okuyinto ihlukile Sunni and Shia.

ulimi

Ulimi olusemthethweni - Arabhu, kodwa ezifundazweni eziningi ezikhuluma lezi sigodzi, okuyinto okunzima ukuba uqhathanise ngenguqulo evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izizwe eziningi ayimizulane baqhubeke besebenzisa ulimi lwabo, nokhokho okuxubile. Kodwa kuzo zonke izifunda izivakashi ezingeni lemakhono laphakeme ngesiNgisi. Inhloko-dolobha ye Sultanate of Oman, cishe zonke ukukhuluma ulimi UK, ngakho ukuxhumana kule ehhotela, yokudlela noma esitolo ayimeleli noma ibuphi ubunzima.

isiko

I Sultanate of Oman, umlando kabani eyinkulungwane kubonakala amasiko nemikhuba, has a isiko esiyingqayizivele, lapho ungabona izici Echoes Arab futhi Yemeni kanye namasiko eBrithani nasePortugal, ichibi elikhulu izici Muslim. Charm zokuphila wendawo kungabonwa, njengoba sengike emakethe. Lapha ungabona izingubo kazwelonke, izitsha, imigexo, buka, indlela ukuxhumana nabanye bendawo ukunambitha ukudla kazwelonke yangempela. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kulula ukubona ezihlukahlukene esingapheliyo izinongo asempumalanga futhi uthenge ikhofi endlini enkulu.

Oman njengezwe Muslim izidingo kunalokho esiqinile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kodwa mikhosi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi emuhle. Ramadan - omunye ngamaholide main, okuyinto kabanzi kugujwa kwaphela izinsuku eziningana. Ngaleso sikhathi abantu wagqoka izingubo zakhe zokugqoka ezingcono, singing, ukudansa, ukulungiselela iholide izitsha.

Kuleli zwe, usengakwazi uthinte ukuphila primordial aseMpumalanga, angathintwanga impucuko. Guides kuholele izivakashi workshop ababazi eyiqiniso 'lapho lesikhumba izimpahla zenziwa, Indwangu nensimbi. Lezi zinto zizoba isikhumbuzo esikhulu abangane.

zokungcebeleka

Namuhla, kwelinye lamazwe ethokozisa isimanga kanye ephephile eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya - iyona Sultanate of Oman. Izikhangibavakashi yezwe agcinwe nomlando wakhe omude. Phakathi kwezindawo eyinhloko isimo zihlanganisa:

• izinqaba of Jalali futhi Mirani, ngaphakathi okuyinto ngeke ibe khona, kodwa futhi ukubonakala umxhwele zabo;
• ngobukhulu emhlabeni Mosque ka Sultan Qaboos obusezingeni elishaqisayo nobuhle;
• Al Mattrah emakethe - a asempumalanga zakudala zaseMpumalanga;
• Sultan Palace Indian isitayela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhangayo kukhona amasayithi zemvelo eziyingqayizivele: Intaba Sabhan, ichibi, Ugwadule Vahida Thumela, imihlume e Dhofar, ezweni lapho impepho Simila. Kulelizwe ungabona izimangaliso eziningi, kodwa udonsa umoya ezolile, kulinganiswa, amasiko.

Customs kanye nezinkambiso

Sultanate - ke iyizwe Muslim kanye notshwala akuyona wamukelekile. Ngakho-ke, iziphuzo eqinile zidayiswa kuphela izitolo obukhethekile imvume ekhethekile esikhishwe amaphoyisa. Izivakashi kungaba ukuphuza utshwala izitolo zokudlela nezindawo zokuphuza emahhotela.

I Sultanate of Oman, isithombe amaphoyisa nakwezempi evinjiwe, ayivumeli abantu bakwamanye amazwe ukungena mosque. Ngokuvamile, nazi izivakashi athambile kunamafutha abendawo kodwa usadinga inhlonipho nokuzola.

Oman ayikakamukeli ukuthatha ukudla ngesandla sakho sobunxele, ke kwehlisa Sebawoti. Abesifazane akunconywa ukugqoka izingubo eziveza umzimba futhi liqinile edolobheni, kanye idrayivu uhambe phakathi komuzi wedwa.

ikhishi

Ukuze uzame yasekuqaleni Arabhu cuisine, kufanele uye Sultanate of Oman. Tours kuleli zwe ngokuvamile zakhiwa ngendlela ezifana ukubamba uhambo ukudla the best iIgama amaphuzu. cuisine National ilula kodwa ocacile kakhulu, sibonga ukusetshenziswa izinongo ehlukahlukene.

Ngesisekelo imenyu, izinsuku, ibhali kanye nokolweni tortilla, yemifino isobho, irayisi abilisiwe, iwundlu izitsha, yenkomo nenhlanzi. Basuke ethosiwe phezu kwamalahle kwi namathe, ukwenza izitsha kanye nengulube inyama sikadali nge imifino. Zonke izitsha akhonzwa nge imifino salyuna usoso, engeza eziningi utamatisi kanye okusabhontshisi, ikakhulukazi ubhontshisi. Okubaluleke kakhulu esidlweni ukunika isinkwa - huzu ukuthi zonke wekhaya bese upheka uyenze ukuze recipe yakho. Isinkwa edliwayo ne sauce, inyama, yenziwa sandwich obukhethekile inkukhu nenhlanzi. Zogwadule kuvame zamasundu nezithelo ezomisiwe. Oman kwenza uhlobo halva - Halua. Izwe has a lot of ukusetshenziswa ikhofi, okuyinto okulungiselelwe enamandla kakhulu, ngaphandle ushukela, namakha.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Sultanate of Oman - indawo ephelele diving. amabhishi lwayo emanzini ngokuphelele esicacile ungabona hhayi kuphela kwamakhorali, izimfudu, izinhlanzi eziningi ezimibalabala kodwa futhi oshaka, barracudas, eels Moray, imikhomo.

Ngokungafani inhloko-dolobha UAE, Muscat - edolobhaneni elincane ubuswa ongaphakeme-liphumele izakhiwo, akuvamile ukuthola isakhiwo 10 emabhilidini nokuningi.

Oman - enhle ezweni komgwaqo. Kukhona abekho ojantshi, kodwa acishe abe yizinkulungwane 35 km eliphezulu ezibanzi. Kukhona cishe akukho isiminyaminya. Enhloko-dolobha, ogama obuphelele imayelana 30 km, ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuphi imizuzu 20-30.

Cishe bonke abantu amanzi ahlanzekile ezweni - kuwumphumela kungeyona, ngakho-ke bawazisa kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba bazi, uya Sultanate of Oman.

nokungcebeleka

Izibuyekezo bathi isimo manje ngokushesha baxoxelane nge UAE ku izinga lenkonzo nenduduzo. isizinda Ihhotela okungcono ukumela aphambili 4-5. Beaches isihlabathi esihle ahlanzekile, amanzi ecacile ulwandle futhi ilanga cishe unyaka wonke - la izinzuzo Oman. Izivakashi, izwe liye wadala zonke izimo: enhlokodolobha yase izitolo eziningi, izindawo zokudla, izinkambo ahlinzekwa ehlane. Ukuze diving abathanda kukhona ipharadesi: awukwazi kuphela ukuqasha yonke imishini, kodwa futhi zithola ukuqeqeshwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Sultanate of Oman, lonke okufanelekile nakulokho wehlukile namuhla, linikeza amathuba ezinkulu izivakashi ukwazi. Jwayelana isiko lasendulo, ukuhlola izikhumbuzo isiko Muslim nenkathi yokuba ikoloni kuyinto ukuthenga uhambo ejensi eziningi.

ukwaziswa okuwusizo

Ngo Oman, azikho izinto zokuthutha umphakathi, kuyinto Analogue of marshurtok yethu, kodwa baqhubekela kuphela amaNdiya kanye nabokufika abampofu. Ngakho-ke, zonke izivakashi kukhona itekisi, okuyinto ungahlala ukuthatha ehhotela.

Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman eRussia, etholakala ekhelini Staromonetny, 14, Isakhiwo 1 :., kusiza abaseRussia ukuqhuba umsebenzi ensimini futhi ekulungele ukuphendula imibuzo eminingi.

Kusukela eRussia Oman azikho izindiza ngqo, ngakho kufanele usebenzise esikhumulweni sezindiza esiseduzane: Dubai noma Doha.

Umehluko isikhathi eMoscow kuyihora +1.

Oman - ezweni sasivumela uphephile, ukuphanga nokuhlasela lapha - a rarity. Kodwa ukweba - kuba impela angenanhlonipho, ikakhulukazi phakathi izivakashi. Ngakho kudingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinto zabo esikhumulweni sezindiza, ehhotela, ogwini.