T-umsizi amaseli, kuyini na? Funda ukuthi kusho ukuthini-helper T cell ephakanyiswe noma sehliselwe

Umzimba womuntu kuhlanganisa sebuningini izingxenye okuyizinto ubuhlobo njalo nomunye. Izinqubo eziyinhloko: zokuphefumula, wokugaya ukudla, senhliziyo, urogenital, endocrine futhi ethukile izinhlelo. Ukuze uvikele ngamunye kulezi zingxenye, kukhona izivikelo ekhethekile. Mechanism elisivikela namathonya alimazayo kwemvelo, sonke sibhekana. Yena, njengezinye izinhlelo zomzimba, has a uxhumano nge isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko futhi apharathasi endocrine.

Indima izivikeli mzimba emzimbeni

Umsebenzi oyinhloko amasosha omzimba - zizivikele kwamagciwane okuyinto zingene kusukela imvelo noma elakhiwe endogenously phakathi izinqubo sokugembula. isenzo sakhe afeze ngokusebenzisa amaseli akhethekile igazi - lymphocyte. Ama-lymphocyte yilezi egazi amhlophe nezinhlobonhlobo zihlale khona emzimbeni womuntu. ukwanda yabo ibonisa ukuthi isistimu esindwa ejenti angaphandle, nokwehlisa - ukwehluleka umzimba ozivikela - ukuntula mzimba. Omunye umsebenzi iwukuba ukulwa neoplasms, okuyinto lisisebenzisa tumor necrosis factor. Amasosha omzimba yakhiwa sebuningini emizimbeni, okuyizindawo isithiyo nezici eziyingozi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• isikhumba;
• thymus;
• ubende;
• lymph node;
• obomvu umnkantsha;
• igazi.

Kunezinhlobo 2 izinhlobo izindlela ukuthi atehlukaniseki. amasosha omzimba yeselula wenza ukulawula izinhlayiya eziyingozi ngu T-lymphocyte. Lezi zakhiwo, esikhundleni salokho, selihlukene laba T umsizi amaseli, T-suppressor ne-T-killer cells.

Sebenza amasosha omzimba yeselula

amasosha omzimba yeselula usebenza ezingeni izakhiwo owesincane umzimba. Lokhu Ukuvikelwa kuhlanganisa eziningi lymphocyte ezahlukene, ngalinye elikwazi wenza umsebenzi othile. Bonke angasuselwa ezimhlophe egazi bese hlala ngobuningi babo. Igama T-lymphocyte kwakubangelwa indawo azo endabuko - thymus. Indlala thymus iqala ukukhiqiza lezi zakhiwo mzimba ngisho ngesikhathi ukukhula komuntu embryonic, kwamangqamuzana ka izinjongo zabo beseyizingane. Kancane kancane, umzimba uyeke ukusebenza, futhi iminyaka engu-15-18 siqukethe kuphela okunamafutha izicubu. Thymus edonsa kuphela izakhi amasosha omzimba yeselula - T cell: umsizi amaseli, killer cells futhi suppressor.

Ngemva ukuxhumana ejenti angaphandle, umzimba oyenza uhlelo lwayo ukuzivikela, okusho amasosha omzimba. Okokuqala yikona okuyingozi ukuqala ukulwa macrophage, umsebenzi yabo ukuncela antigen. Uma asikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwamandla umsebenzi wakhe, khona-ke ukuxhuma ezingeni elilandelayo yokuvikela - amasosha omzimba yeselula. Abokuqala aqaphele antigen T-killer - mbulali ejenti angaphandle. Imisebenzi ka-T-umsizi amaseli ukusiza amasosha omzimba. Bona ukulawula ukwahlukana kwamangqamuzana yabo bonke emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Omunye umsebenzi wabo - kumiswa ubuhlobo ezimbili izinhlobo amasosha omzimba, okusho usizo B lymphocyte secrete amasosha omzimba, ukusebenza kwezinye izakhiwo (monocytes, T-killer cell, insika amaseli). T-suppressors bayadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe umsebenzi ngokweqile abasizi uma kunesidingo.

Izinhlobo T-umsizi amaseli

Kuye umsebenzi T-umsizi amaseli zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-lokuqala nelesibili. Ukukhiqizwa lokuqala wenziwa yesimila necrosis factor (neoplasms ekulweni), gamma interferon (ekulweni ejenti viral), i-interleukin-2 (ehilelekile ukusabela ukuvuvukala). Zonke lezi zici yenzelwa ekubhujisweni antigen ngaphakathi amaseli.

Uhlobo T-umsizi amaseli yesibili kudingeka ukuxhumana amasosha omzimba humoral. Lezi T cell akhiqiza interleukin 4, 5, 10 no-13, ukuhlinzeka lobu buhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, T umsizi uhlobo 2 obangela ukukhiqizwa Ige, okuyinto ixhunywe ngqo komzimba umzimba.

Khulisa futhi ukwehla T umsizi umzimba

Kukhona imithetho ekhethekile lymphocyte emzimbeni, esifundweni sawo libizwa immunogram. Noma yimuphi ukuphambuka, kungaba liyathuthuka noma ukunciphisa iseli ubhekwa normal, ukuthi, ukuthuthukisa noma isiphi isimo sokugembula. Uma T umsizi eyehlisiwe kusho yesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba akakwazi ukuzivocavoca ngokugcwele nomphumela walo. isimo esinjalo ukuntula mzimba ebonwe nokukhulelwa kanye lactation, ngemva kokuba ukugula, izifo ezingelapheki. It ubhekwa ukubonakaliswa oyinhloko yokutheleleka nge-HIV - ukuphazamiseka ephelele amasosha omzimba yeselula. Uma amaseli T-umsizi yanda, emzimbeni kukhona phezu-yokusabela kuya antigen, okusho kokulawula kwazo Idlula inqubo evamile ekusabeleni sokugembula. isimo esinjalo kwenzeka uma umzimba wakho uxabana ne.

Interconnection bangangenwa yilesi sifo amaselula kanye humoral

Njengoba yaziwa, izivikeli mzimba wenza izindawo olwawuvikele lokhu ngezindlela ezimbili. Omunye wabo eziphatha kuphela isakhiwo solwazi okungukuthi nabo amagciwane noma ebonisa ukuthi awuphilile engqondweni isakhi sofuzo rearrangements isinyathelo yasebenza ye-T-lymphocyte. Okwesibili Izinga - isiqondiso humoral owenziwa ngokudalula wonke umzimba nge immunoglobulin, ayisiza. Lezi izinhlelo ukuvikelwa kwezinye izimo ingasebenza eceleni komunye nomunye, kodwa ngokuvamile nihlanganyele. Nathi amasosha omzimba amaselula kanye humoral Kwenziwa T-umsizi amaseli, okungukuthi, "abasizi". Lokhu labantu T-amaseli ukukhiqiza interleukin ethize, le nkulumo ihlanganisa: IL-4, 5, 10, 13. Ngaphandle lezi zakhiwo ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusebenza Ukuvikelwa humoral engenakwenzeka.

Inani T-umsizi amaseli izivikeli mzimba

Ngenxa ukukhululwa kwe-interleukin izivikeli mzimba Kutfutfukisa kusivikela amathonya alimazayo. Tumor necrosis factor kuvimbela izinqubo umdlavuza, okuyinto ingenye imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Konke lokhu kwenziwa T-umsizi amaseli. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abenza ngokungaqondile (ngokusebenzisa kwamanye amangqamuzana), ukubaluleka kwazo izivikeli mzimba kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba zisiza enhlanganweni izakhiwo okuvikela umzimba.