Tabasaranskiy ngezandla ukhaphethi: isithombe

Njengoba wazi, e-India ukwenza itiye, izimoto - eJalimane, futhi ezinhle inqwaba yoboya okhaphethi, ubuhle emangalisayo umbala inhlanganisela kanye amaphetheni - e Tabasaran. E Dagestan, ukhaphethi ukwelukwa ubhekwa ezivamile, ngaphezu, omunye izinhlobo yobuciko neyezandla eminingi yasendulo. Kulesi sihloko, sifunda ukuthi bamele Tabasaran mata ngezandla, izithombe zazo kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.

Indaba

Mayelana okhaphethi Dagestani okuqala ingatholakala emibhalweni uHerodotus, "Oyise balezi umlando." Ngesisekelo Dagestan ukhaphethi zakudala ezimfundisweni wezingcweti East. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka abantu baseYurophu wathumela ukuhweba mikhankaso eChina nasePheresiya, ukuletha kasilika futhi amatshe khona. Njalo nkosi self-ukuhlonipha noma Aristocrat waba kusakazeka mata empumalanga enhle ngokumangalisayo. By the way, ukhaphethi zasendulo impela, incwadi wehlele namuhla, kwatholakala ngo-1949 lapho bemba futhi manje kufakwe iqoqo golden Hermitage abadumile.

phetho

Kuyinto ongaziwa ukucabanga ukuthi okhaphethi yasekuqaleni zakhiwa nje into kanokusho. Ngisho umata eqolo Tabasaran ekuqaleni waba ukusebenza elincaneFuthi.

EMpumalanga lasendulo, ikakhulu abantu abayimizulane wahlala. Futhi into ebaluleke kakhulu i-Nomad? Eyokuqala - i obukhulu kakhulu, kwesibili - ubungcono okusheshayo emizini yabo, eyesithathu - isivikelo ngokumelene yezimo ezimbi zezulu, ngamanye amagama, ukuthi sasomile efudumele. Ngokugcwele okhaphethi ncamashi elihlangabezana nazo zonke lezi zimfuneko, kunesidingo sokuba ukuphila okuvamile kwe-abayimizulane. Yiqiniso, labo okhaphethi buhluke kakhulu esikubonayo namuhla. Kodwa ngale ndlela izisekelo babekwa ukhaphethi ukwelukwa.

Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho abantu baqaphela ukuthi umata kungaba okungaphezu nje ukuvikelwa umoya, kubuye kube indlela enhle kakhulu ivelele phakathi kwezihlobo. Ngakho, saqala ukuba sifake okhaphethi enkulu futhi emuhle. Lokhu kwaholela ku yokuthi ubuhle, futhi kukuncane okhaphethi kwakufanele bathole ukuthi ezingeni ukuchuma yomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbusi East ngamunye wazama zizungeze imikhiqizo enkulu futhi kumbe eqolo, ngaleyo ndlela egcizelela bokuphakama yabo.

izinga

By the way, niyazi, sengathi e Dagestan endulo ihlolwe njalo Tabasaran ukhaphethi ku izinga? Ukulawula ikhwalithi ngaphambi labetibambile ngezigaba 3. Okokuqala, umhlambi wamahhashi badabula ukhaphethi nokwelukiweyo. Okwesibili, ngemva mkhiqizo ubanjwe izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphansi elangeni elishisa bhe. Okwesithathu, okhaphethi bacwilisa ngamanzi abandayo, okuyinto wasala isikhathi esithize. Uma, ngemva ngokomfanekiso 'ukulingwa "enjalo mata eziyisisekelo zabo izakhiwo lutho olungenziwa, kukholakala ukuthi inkosi wenza umsebenzi omuhle. Nazi ubuchwepheshe!

ukhaphethi Tabasaran VS Persian

Kungenzeka yini ukuqhathanisa zonke ukhaphethi Tabasaran nge Iranian (Persian)? Ungakwazi futhi kufanele ukwenze. Nakuba wena akufanele ukuba kuphazamise udumo, ithalente kanye nekhwalithi izingcweti zase-Iran, isimo sisalokhu amaqiniso. Esikhathini Persian Carpet isilinganiso "bempilo" babengagwetshwa iminyaka engaze ibe 150, kuyilapho ukhaphethi e Dagestan "kuphela, abayophila" kuze iminyaka 400. Ngaphandle-ke, bona "kabi 'inhloso yazo. Kulokhu, zonke izibalo ngaphezu akunakubangelwa kuphela amatshe ezenziwe ngesandla.

zinhlobo

Eningizimu Dagestan nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni okusheshayo ukhaphethi 3 izici: budebuduze Iran (iPheresiya); ukuthi kule ndawo Kasilika eya; ukusabalalisa asebenzayo Islam. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana, eCaucasus, maphakathi ukuhweba ayebhekwa edolobheni Derbent, eyasebenza njengodonga eliqaphile we aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Idolobhana wawuyingxenye umzila Silk Road. Yiqiniso, anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo yezandla ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukhaphethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengisi abaningi waqonda ukuthi kwakungase Derbend thola uvolo imicu imibala ehlukene kanye nemibala (ababazi wendawo udayi yemvelo eyatholakala kusukela amakhambi nezihlahla).

Ungase futhi achaze ligalelo ukusabalala Islam eNorth Caucasus. izingcweti Persian nabahwebi bazimisele kakhudlwana ukuzamukela ukwabelana izimfihlo zabo, futhi ngokuvamile imikhiqizo abathengwé labantu Muslim. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba ukwamukelwa of namaz (cela) ngomzuzu wamanje phezu mat, ebizwa nge "namazlyk".

Ithi konke ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo yohwebo phakathi izakhamuzi North eCaucasus. Nakuba bekungaba ongaziwa ukusho ukuthi kuphela Tabasarans amasiko ahlukene ukhaphethi ukwelukwa. Qaphela ukuthi lokhu kuyinto izikebhe zabo kazwelonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yonke izizwe Daghestan babehilelekile ukhaphethi ukwelukwa. Ngakho, Lezgins emizaneni izinkukhu, Akhty, Kasumkent nokwelukiweyo okhaphethi kwaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. emzaneni Avar ka Tsada Hunzaha, Gergebil ukukhiqiza high Lint-free amatshe. Kulesi zokuhlala Dargins Levashev ekhiqizwa okhaphethi kusengutsheni yoboya. Abahlala ezigodini Kayakent, Durgeli, Bugle Kumyks esikhiqiza Patterned yoboya amatshe kanye amacansi felted. Ngakho ungakwazi uhlu cishe ezizweni zonke, ababebeka imali imizamo okukhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale izikebhe.

ukhaphethi tufted

Ungakhuluma isikhathi eside mayelana izinhlobo ezahlukene inqwaba okhaphethi, kodwa lokhu akunangqondo. Ake sixoxe ngezici zabo. Ngakho Tabasaran inqwaba ukhaphethi e version bendabuko zingatholakala ku izithombe ezihlukahlukene beJiyomethri lokho amelela izilwane, izitshalo kanye nabantu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi umelitsy usebenzisa lezi zithombe weJiyomethri wabonisa izwe elibazungezile. Ososayensi ukubiza lesi simanga "ulimi ukhaphethi art". By the way, emikhiqizweni enjalo ngokuvamile kakhulu ukuboniswa wonke imigidi impi izigcawu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulimi ilahlekile, futhi izithombe zazigaxwa umane zokuhlobisa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke lezi okhaphethi akheke compositional ezivamile: umngcele futhi ensimini emaphakathi.

nomhlobiso

Futhi amaphethini ezithakazelisayo Tabasaranskiy okhaphethi, zazo kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ingemuva - iphethini ngaphandle izibalo ezithile eziyinhloko, kanye imifanekiso emincane ugcwalise ngemuva jikelele.
2. Esimaphakathi - umhlobiso kuzo zehla ekuboneni abavelele ekhaphethini, okuthiwa "medallion".
3. Kaimova - iphethini yakhelwe ngendlela efana ukuze zidonse ukunaka lomuntu ngesikhathi "umngcele" komkhiqizo. Lolu hlobo lwe-okwakhiwe ubizwa nangokuthi "Kaimova".

Uma ucabangela Tabasaran ukhaphethi, ingasaphathwa umbala, okuyinto ke yakhetha sezingcweti. Ingemuva inqwaba cishe yonke imikhiqizo kubhekwe cherry obomvu noma oluhlaza, okuyinto kufanele ngemcondvo ukubukeka esishubile kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuvumelana umbala kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izingcezu aphakathi nendawo kanye elincane imibala ehlukene.

inqwaba ukhaphethi

Leli qembu kuhlanganisa Lezgin emangalisayo enhle futhi sumac Azerbaijani. sici yabo eyinhloko - ukusetshenziswa enkulu ekhaya. Basuke ngokuyinhloko esetshenziselwa Uthwale phansi (okhaphethi tufted, isibonelo, asetshenziselwa kuphela izindonga). Ziyakwazi kakhulu amatshe elula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu ethambile kakhulu ngoba ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa yabo usebenzisa ukwelukwa isu elikhethekile ukushiya ngaphansi izindikimba ukhaphethi uvolo kufika ku-15 cm (kuba soft ngakho futhi benza).

Lint-free Tabasaran ukhaphethi (bheka isithombe esihlokweni) - liphinde "davaginy". izici zabo ngokuchaza ukuthi ziyizikhungo 2 emaceleni, futhi babe luhlaza noma okwesibhakabhaka ongemuva lapho iphethini ( "rukzal"). Lezi mata ngokuvamile itholakala ngesikhathi Avars. Iphethini main yakhiwa "medallion" ehlukahlukene ezihlobene, lezi "medallion" legatsha.

Kuyadingeka ukutshela mayelana amatshe ezifana link-free Dagestani njengoba amatshe. Babedalelwene zikakotini, uvolo futhi Hemp. Palacio amaphethini enjalo amahle ayinkimbinkimbi, njenge imidwebo Tabasaranskiy amatshe abanayo, kodwa ngendlela emangalisayo esisebenzayo, futhi ngokuvamile bajwayele ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Zonke izizwe okhaphethi ubiza ngokuthi kwenziwe ngendlela yalo: i Azerbaijanis kuyinto "Palaz", "Barchan" e Tabasarans, "ruh" e Lezghins "Turuta" kusukela Avars nabanye.

ukhaphethi wazizwa

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi laba amatshe ajwayelekile kakhulu e Dagestan kwabantu basenyakatho - Nogai, Avars, Kumyk, Dargin. Okuvame kakhulu wazizwa amatshe - arbabashy. Yakhiwa wawungathi ngemibala ehlukene. Basuke esikhulu bekhuluma, ngaleyo ndlela ukudala iphethini.