Thales: elihlanganisa isayensi eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga

Omunye zo wokuqala esikoleni Ionian kuyinto sefilosofi yemvelo Thales laseMilethu. Biography of lo muntu ogcwele izikhala, ngoba wahlala BC VI khulu leminyaka, futhi okusebenza, ngeshwa, asizange ize ifinyelele kithi. Kodwa izazimlando bangase bakwahlulele ukuphila lesi sazi izibuyekezo nezinkomba kwezinye ososayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Aristotle ngokuthi Thales, umsunguli we nefilosofi wokuba izwe futhi umsunguli esikoleni Milesian. Izazimlando ziye luthole ukuthi wayehamba kakhulu, wahosha ngokwazi zabapristi baseGibithe namaKhaledi. Thales kwadingeka anhlobonhlobo izithakazelo abathintekayo kuyisayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, eklanyelwe zempi nobunjiniyela design.

Yayingubani le ndoda omkhulu - Thales? Umlando wakhe ugcwele amazwi "mayelana", "Cishe" futhi "kubonakala sengathi". Usuku kuphela eqondile ephathelene ne-usosayensi, kuyinto 28 Meyi 585 BC. e. Ngalolusuku kwakukhona ilanga lisitheka khona. Sezibalo nesezinkanyezi wabikezela ukuhlasela kwakhe futhi waxwayisa abavikela yakhe - Lydian yinkosi Alyattes. Kugcine Ngasebenzisa la Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo ukufeza evumayo ukuthula ziphathelene amabutho amaMede. Wayesebenza njengoba usosayensi ukuze nezinye yinkosi kaLidiya - uCroesus, nangaphansi umyalo wakhe iqhaza empini nge namaPheresiya.

Ngakho lokho sinolwazi uphetsa ngokuphila "uYise Philosophy" Thales wazalwa cishe iminyaka 625, wafa ixhegu ezijulile (umthombo othile, eminyakeni 76, futhi ngakolunye - e 95). On kwalezi ziqinisekiso mlando zasendulo, ososayensi baphawula izivivinyo Gymnastic enkundleni. Kwakuwusuku ukushisa futhi isixuku, okuyinto eyaba inhlekelele umuntu osekhulile. Kodwa esikwaziyo ukuthi Thales kwaba yohlanga ocebile waseFenike. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwaba "isizukulwane sokuqala ngangiyisifiki," noma wazalwa esifundazweni ngesiGreki, akucacile.

Thales wathola imfundo yekhethelo. Njengoba umthengisi, wahamba: wayehlala emzini waseGibhithe iMemphis neThebes, wayekade eMesophothamiya. Kukholakala ukuthi "wenza" eGibhithe izisekelo geometry, ngawo wethula namaGreki. Wathola indlela ulinganise ukuphakama mbhoshongo ka ngomthunzi wawo, futhi wasungula rangefinder, okuvumela ukunquma ibanga umkhumbi olwandle kusuka osebeni. Theorem ezibizwa ngegama lakhe. Kodwa hhayi kuphela kwi-mathematics wazibonakalisa usosayensi omkhulu. Wayengumuntu usomaqhinga anekhono wazama ukwakha lempi umbimbi Ionian emadolobheni ngokumelene namaPheresiya. Thales laseMilethu kwakuthandeka zikamashiqela Thrasybulus.

Ulwazi mayelana singakunaki ukuphila komuntu nomfundisi ziyaphikisana futhi zingatholakali kalula izindawo zokulala. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, waphila impohlo, futhi ngakolunye - wayeshadile futhi wazala indodana. Thales kwadingeka engajwayelekile futhi ibhizinisi acumen: wathumba e bomdabu eMilethu ayitholwa yakhe ukuhweba emafutheni omnqumo. Kwelinye uhambo wenza Galis emfuleni flow ohlangothini olusha, ukwakha kule Dam kanti emapayipini amanzi. Lokhu iqhinga bavunyelwe inkosi uCroesus ukuthutha amasosha.

Kodwa inkazimulo enkulu kunayo yonke Thales lifanelwe emkhakheni wefilosofi. Wayefunda wonke ezihlukahlukene izinto uhlobo isimiso esiyisisekelo. Lokhu base zomhlaba, "pervostihiey" esikweyoku ngokuthi amanzi. kuphakama Konke kusuka ubunjalo elina ancibilikisa. Izulu nomhlaba, ngokuvumelana Thales, kuyinto isitsha nabokhulumile, sehliselwe olwandle. Izwe - ngaphakathi yamabhola antantayo disc. Ebusweni ngilugweda bomkhumbi - esibhakabhakeni kanye izinkanyezi kuso - onkulunkulu. Umphefumulo - imfuyo enhle etheric. Uma ukholwa uDiogenes Laertius no-Aristotle, Thales ungumnikazi imisebenzi okungenani ezimbili: "Ngo-ilanga iyaphenduka nelanga" futhi "Ukuthumela yezinkanyezi." Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze ivela kuye futhi abangaba ngu-200 izinkondlo ezibhalwe ku hexameters. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kukhona abalandeli Thales futhi Anaximander Anaximenes.