Thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine kuthiwa kwemiqondo ngesisekelo salokho? Ama-hormone egilo - thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine

Ama-hormone egilo akhiqizwa indlala yegilo (SHCHZ). Thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine - hormone ezimbili eziyinhloko yomzimba, ingxenye lapho kukhona i-athomu e-iodine. La ma-hormone akhiqizwa amaseli epithelium follicular.

Iqhaza kwama-hormone egilo

Thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine umqondo kusuka tyrosine (alpha-amino acid) kubalulekile kute kukhule evamile umzimba.

• Sekela umsebenzi isikhungo zokuphefumula.
• With iqhaza labo, wenza ukulawula ukushisa isizukulwane umzimba.
• Ezisithinta umzimba womoya-mpilo bese ukhulisa izicubu-mpilo funa.
• Kulwenze buthaka Kufinyeta inhliziyo (ionotropic umphumela).
• Ukulungisa kwenhliziyo (umphumela chronotropic).
• Ngenxa hormone yegilo okwandisa inani b-adrenergic zemizwa izicubu zenhliziyo kanye lwamathambo, futhi wahlela izicubu adipose nama-lymphocyte.
• Cupha motility pheshana emathunjini.
• Ngaphansi kwethonya zamagama amaprotheni ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo nezicubu kwamangqamuzana.
• Sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula wonke umzimba.
• Kuvusa sezinzwa uhlelo ukusebenza futhi ukusheshisa inhlangano engqondo.
• Ukulungisa igazi glucose ukwandisa ukuthunjwa kanye nokusetshenziswa amaseli yayo, kanjalo isebenze inqubo glycolysis.
• Kuthinte nokwahlukana izicubu adipose (lipolysis) futhi uyephuza lasungulwa kanye sebethule.

uketshezi okungalungile kwama-hormone egilo emzimbeni womuntu kungaholela ukuthuthukiswa engqondweni nasemzimbeni imisiwe.

hormone Synthesis SHCHZ

SHCHZ amaprotheni eyisisekelo thyroglobulin. It ukhonza njengelungu isifanekiso ukwakheka kwama-hormone ekhiqizwa indlala. Thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine kuthiwa kwemiqondo ngesisekelo thyroglobulin amaprotheni. Lokhu amaprotheni iqukethe ukubunjwa yayo ezingaphezu kuka 5 izinkulungwane. Amino acid izinsalela, kanye 18 babo iodized kuphela. Thyroxine is kuhlelwe umqondo iqhaza 2 kuphela 4 acid acid izinsalela. Ngaphezu thyroglobulin, ngoba i-hormone SHCHZ Ubamba cholesterol. Ngakho-thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine kuthiwa kwemiqondo ngesisekelo cholesterol, kanye hormone steroid. Ukulawulwa kwendlala yegilo i-hormone i-T4 senziwa izikhathi 10 aminingi ukudlula T3.

kwakhiwa i-hormone Triiodothyronine (T3) is inhlanganisela zishintshe likaNkulunkulu futhi monoiodotyrosine ukuthi ayingxenye thyroglobulin amaprotheni.

Njengoba ama-hormone SHCHZ fed ezicutshini?

Kuthiwa ama-hormone SHCHZ abophezele plasma amaprotheni, futhi ngenxa yalokho ezilethwa izicubu kanye izitho. Kukhona Amaprotheni egazi ezintathu ezinkulu bayakwazi ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi hormone T3 ne-T4:

1. TSG - globulin thyroxine-esibophezelayo.
2. LSPA - thyroxine-prealbumin.
3. Albumin.

Izinga thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine ithonya SHCHZ secretory umsebenzi kanye nekhono yokubopha serum.

Control T3 ne-T4 zamagama yenziwa ama-hormone pituitary TSH (yegilo inkanuko-hormone okuthiwa i). Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, TSH zamagama yenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya hormone of hypothalamic TRH (i-hormone thyrotropin-ukukhulula).

Mahhala triiodothyronine (fT3)

Amaphesenti fT3 kuyinto% 0.25 kuphela wezindleko igazi T3. Njengoba sesibonile, T3 egazini incane kakhulu kuka-T4, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, injalo khulula uhhafu kuphela umumo okhululekile-T4.

Kuyinto khulula ifomu SHCHZ hormone ebangela umsebenzi oyizalayo. Triiodothyronine (i-hormone) thyroxine okuningi asebenzayo. Yingakho ezingeni mahhala metabolisticheskoe yakhe jikelele ephawula isinyathelo kwama-hormone egilo.

Thyroxine: umsebenzi

T4 eziphila esingasebenzi. Kodwa uma kunesidingo, angakwazi ngaphansi kwethonya enzyme selenium ancike monodeiodinase iguqulwe ibe T3 zimatasa ngaso.

Thyroxine-hormone okuthiwa i imisebenzi emzimbeni wenza ebaluleke efanayo triiodothyronine. Okungukuthi T4 obangela ukukhiqizwa uvithamini A esibindini, kuvusa amaprotheni umzimba, kuthinte lipid (amafutha) umzimba, ulawula ezingeni triglyceride futhi cholesterol embi egazini, kuthinta ukwakheka efanele ithambo izicubu, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.

Indlela nginikeze ukuhlaziya hormone SHCHZ?

Ukuze kunyatheliswe Ukutadisha ezingeni hormone SHCHZ ukuletha igazi ngokwanele kusuka umthambo ukuhlaziywa. Lokhu kungenziwa egumbini ukwelashwa.

Ukuze ukutadisha lidlule enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi imiphumela kungukuthi bathonywe izinto zangaphandle, inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokunikeza igazi for ukuhlaziya kuyadingeka ukukhipha yokwamukela amalungiselelo hormone. Yiqiniso, kufanele kuvunyelwane nodokotela wakho. 3-5 izinsuku ngaphambi kosuku Kunconywa ukuba ngakususi izidakamizwa equkethe iodine kwengoma.

Ngokushesha ngaphambi igazi izibonelo zalokho isiguli akufanele uthathe noma izivivinyo-X-ray. Ngobusuku obandulela akunika igazi akunconyelwe umsebenzi ngokomzimba okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezimo ezicindezelayo (ezemidlalo imincintiswano, izivivinyo kanye nokunye. D.). Ngaphambi kokungena ukuhlaziywa cwaningo kanye pass, isiguli Kunconywa wokuhlala uphumule imizuzu 15-30.

Amanani Jwayelekile hormone SHCHZ

Sithole ukuthi indima umzimba kudlala thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine, kuthiwa kwemiqondo ngesisekelo lapho izingxenye, okuyinto izinto banesibopho serum yabo yokubopha izimvu, kanjani ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa la ma-hormone. Manje sibheke ukubaluleka kwabo okuvamile, futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izifo bangase ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa. Amazinga la ma-hormone banikwa kulelithebula lelingentasi:

Yikuphi izifo kwandisa fT3?

triiodothyronine Mahhala kungase kukhule ngo zifo ezilandelayo:

• Hyperthyroidism kuyinto eyinhloko noma lesibili.
• T3 toxicosis angawodwa.
• Thyroiditis.
• Hypothyroidism T4 nemithi.
• Choriocarcinoma.
• Ukumelana hormone syndrome SHCHZ.
• Ukwehlisa lokuhlushwa globulin thyroxine-esibophezelayo.
• Isifo sesibindi esingelapheki kubantu.
• Ngo hemodialysis.
• syndrome Nephrotic.
• Ngemva ukwelashwa iodine enemisebe.

Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukwehla fT3?

Ukwehlisa igazi fT3 kungenzeka ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Hypothyroidism kuyinto lokuqala, lesibili noma ephakeme.
• Netireoidnaya zokugula severe, kuhlanganise nezimo engqondweni nasemzimbeni (stroke, esivimba amanzi futhi t. D.).
• ngokuzila ukudla isikhathi eside noma ukudla nge ukusetshenziswa eliphansi amaprotheni ukudla.
• Phakathi nenkathi emumva pathologies sina kanye nokusebenza.
• Uma uncompensated eyinhloko esingamahlalakhona adrenal.
• Ngo abesifazane nge ukuvivinya umzimba njalo esindayo.
• Ngo yokuthathu yesithathu yokukhulelwa (fT3 ezingeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kancane kancane kunciphisa kusukela senyanga yokuqala futhi ekupheleni lwesithathu kuba evelele).
• Ngezinye yokwamukela izidakamizwa ezilandelayo: amiodarone, androgens, propranolol, salicylates, iodinated-X-ray Ngokuphambene ejenti.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyehla iyenyuka ezithile zonyaka kukhona fT3 kungenzeka. Ubuningi esikhathini kusukela ngo-September kuya ku-February, futhi okungenani ezinyangeni zasehlobo.

Izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism - i enganele hormone zamagama SHCHZ. Kulokhu, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo kungenzeka:

• Ukucobeka, ukukhathala nokozela.
• Ukuvela isisindo okweqile ezingeke kulawulwa umzimba nokudla.
• ukucindezeleka njalo.
• Kungase kube ukwehla emzimbeni lokushisa kuze kufinyelele 35.6 degrees.
• Ukulunywa kwesikhumba, ukoma yayo nokuvuvukala.
• Nezinwele futhi dandruff, okuyinto aluphumeleli ngisho nangemva usebenzisa imoto medicated.
• Nciphisa kwenhliziyo (bradycardia).
• Kunciphisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo futhi ukuphendula.
• ukuqunjelwa avamile.
• Abesifazane kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kokuya esikhathini kanye nenzalo.

Izimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism - lokhu ngokweqile kwama-hormone zamagama SHCHZ. Kulokhu, akukho zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• isifiso yanda futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwesisindo.
• ubuthakathaka Jikelele, ngokumelene okungase kube drive flash.
• Flabbiness nesikhumba ukoma.
• Inhliziyo palpitations nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ukwanda lokushisa emzimbeni kuze kube 37.5 degrees.
• iziyaluyalu kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane kanye nenzalo.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-ophawulekayo ukwanda SHCHZ futhi exophthalmia.

Ukuvimbela isifo SHCHZ

Indlala yegilo futhi hormone ayo ukwenza umsebenzi kubalulekile umzimba, ngakho udinga ukulandela isimo umzimba. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa yonyaka. Uma kudingekile, udokotela uyonika isiqondiso ultrasound futhi i-hormone ukuhlolwa SHCHZ.

Ukuvimbela SHCHZ futhi i-hormone ukuntula izifo zomzimba kudingeka afake ekudleni kwakho nokudla okunezinga eliphezulu le-iodine. Lezi zihlanganisa cishe zonke kwasolwandle (i-tuna, ulwe, salmon, izimfanzi, izimila zasolwandle), izithelo (Persimmons, ubhanana, ama-orentji), imifino (anyanisi, garlic, Sorrel, isitshalo seqanda). Ngokulandela iziqondiso ezilula, ungakwazi ukugcina unaphakade impilo indlala yegilo futhi wonke umzimba.