Bombay mkhuba - Iyini?

Umzimba womuntu liyaziwa ehlukile yayo. Ngenxa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ahlukene, zenzeka nsuku zonke emizimbeni yethu, siba ngabanye, njengoba ezinye zezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi sizuza, zihluke ngokuphelele olimini labo zezici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle abanye abantu. Ngokuphathelene naleli qembu igazi.

Kuyisiko ukupha abashadayo ulwahlukanise ku 4 izinhlobo. Nokho, kakhulu akuvamile, kodwa wathola ukuthi umuntu kufanele abe munye igazi (ngenxa izici zofuzo zabazali), has a ehlukene kakhulu, ethize. indida okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi i-"Bombay mkhuba".

Kuyini lokhu?

Leli gama ukuqonda kwezakhi. Kuyinto evamile - 1 icala ngalinye abantu abayizigidi eziyishumi. Bombay mkhuba lethiwa edolobheni Indian of eBombay.

ENdiya, kukhona isiphetho, abantu zazo kuvamile impela, "chimeric" lwegazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuzimisela abomvu egazi antigen by izindlela ejwayelekile umphumela imibukiso, isibonelo, iqembu lesibili, kodwa eqinisweni ngenxa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ngendlela yokuba kukhulume.

Lokhu kungenxa kumiswa umuntu sakhi sofuzo esikhubazayo ngazimbili N. Ngokuvamile, uma umuntu - heterozygous ngoba yilesi sakhi, uphawu aliveli, a allele esikhubazayo ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi walo. Ngenxa inhlanganisela ayilungile wama-chromosomes umzali akhiwa pair zezakhi zofuzo esikhubazayo, futhi Bombay kwenzeka.

Pho-ke, kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa yayo?

Umlando lomkhuba

Isenzakalo esifanayo iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu namajenali abaningi bezokwelapha, kodwa cishe kuya maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, bonke abantu babengasangihloniphi umqondo kungani lokhu okwenzekayo.

Lokhu indida kwatholakala eNdiya ngo-1952. Udokotela owenza lokhu kuhlola, waphawula ukuthi abazali abathile igazi (uyise wayengumGreki ngowokuqala, nonina - wesibili), futhi kwadingeka yesithathu izozalelwa umntwana.

Emangele yilo mkhuba, udokotela yena baqhubeka ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi umzimba kayise wakwazi ngandlela-thile liguquke, okwenza kube lula ukukholelwa ayenakho khona iqembu lokuqala. ukuguqulwa Ngokusobala kwakubangelwa ukuntula enzyme synthesize iprotheni kwezinhloso zenzuzo, okwakuyosiza ukucacisa antigen ezifanele. Nokho, isikhathi kwakungelona-enzyme, bese iqembu ayikwazanga ahlolwa kahle.

Lo mkhuba ngabameli emncintiswaneni European kuyinto ngempela ezingavamile. Kancane kaningi, ungathola abezindaba "Bombay igazi" e-India.

Theory ka umsuka igazi Bombay

Omunye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eyinhloko ukuvela iqembu eziyingqayizivele igazi kuyinto kuguquka chromosomal. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu wesine lwegazi recombination okungenzeka alleles ku-chromosome. Okungukuthi, phakathi kumiswa gametes izakhi zofuzo ezibangela ilifa zamaqembu egazi, Ungahambisa ngendlela elandelayo: izakhi zofuzo A no B uyoba gamete (ngamanye okwalandela bengathola iliphi iqembu ngaphandle owokuqala) kanye nezinye gamete ngeke baphathe izakhi zofuzo ezibangela lwegazi . Esimweni esinjalo kungenzeka ifa gametes ngaphandle antigen.

Inkinga kuphela ukusakazeka kwalo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eziningi zalezi gametes ushona ngaphandle ngisho kokuhileleka kunoma yiluphi embryogenesis. Nokho, mhlawumbe, abanye ukusinda, futhi kamuva Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe igazi eBombay.

kungenzeka yini ukuthi kwephulwe isakhi sofuzo kanye nokusatshalaliswa at the stage of the zygote noma umbungu (ngenxa ukwephula umsoco komama noma ngokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile).

Mshini yentuthuko kulesi simo

Njengoba kuye kwashiwo, konke kuncike zofuzo.

genotype womuntu (isethi zonke izakhi zayo zofuzo ezingafika) kuyinto encike ngqo kwi umzali, noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile, hlobo luni izimpawu Undlulile abazali izingane.

Uma ubheka ujule ukwakheka antigen, kungabonwa ukuthi uhlobo lwegazi luthathwe bobabili abazali. Ngokwesibonelo, uma omunye wabo wokuqala, kanye nezinye - owesibili, umntwana uyoba olulodwa lwalezi amaqembu. Uma uthuthukisa Bombay mkhuba, konke kwenzeka kancane ehlukile:

• Iqembu lesibili igazi futhi isakhi elawulwa obhekene synthesis antigen athile - A. owokuqala, noma uziro, akukho izakhi ezithile zofuzo.
• Synthesis Futhi ngenxa yesenzo antigen H chromosome esifundeni obangela kwamangqamuzana.
• Uma kukhona ukwehluleka ohlelweni yesifunda DNA, awakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle, ngoba lokho ingane ingase okuthola umzali antigen A, kanti eyesibili ukucacisa allele ngeke bakwazi genotype bhangqa (evamile walibiza NN). Lesi senzo suppresses le esikhubazayo umusi ingxenye A, lapho ingane iqembu lokuqala.

Uma zonke kuvame, kuvela ukuthi kunqubo enkulu ekutholeni Bombay mkhuba - epistasis esikhubazayo.

ukuxhumana-non-allelic

Njengoba kushiwo, ngesisekelo lomkhuba amanga Bombay nonallelic isakhi sofuzo ekuhlanganyeleni - epistasis. Lolu hlobo ifa ihlukile kuleyo isakhi sofuzo esisodwa suppresses isenzo lomunye, ngisho noma ngabe allele enkulukazi evelele.

Ngesisekelo kwezakhi yokuthi lesi senzakalo ekuthuthukiseni Bombay - epistasis. I engavamile yalolu hlobo ifa lingenxa esikhubazayo isakhi sofuzo epistatic ukuthi kunamandla ukuthi we hypostatic, kodwa sokunquma lwegazi. Ngakho-ke inhibitor isakhi sofuzo esikhiqiza ukucindezelwa akakwazi yakha yimuphi mfanelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingane ibelethwe nge "cha" lwegazi.

ukuxhumana okunjalo kuyinto zofuzo, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuhlonza khona allele esikhubazayo komunye umzali. Kuthinte ukuthuthukiswa iqembu igazi enjalo, kodwa nakakhulu akunakwenzeka ukuyiguqula. Ngakho-ke, labo babe Bombay mkhuba ekuphileni kwansuku zonke isikimu abizele imithetho ethile, kokubona ukuthi abantu abanjalo angaphila ukuphila okuvamile futhi ungesabi empilweni yazo.

Ikakhulukazi izimpilo zabantu nale kuguquka

Ngokuvamile, abantu-abathwali Bombay igazi akuhlukile evamile. Nokho, kuphakama izinkinga lapho kudingeka ukumpontshelwa (operation esindayo, ingozi noma isifo kohlelo igazi). Uma sicabangela indlela yokwakheka ethize antigenic balaba bantu abakwazi uthele elinye igazi ngaphandle eBombay. Isikhathi esining impela lezi amaphutha zenzeka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma kungekho isikhathi kahle sihlole ukuhlaziywa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu lesiguli.

Quiz show, isibonelo, iqembu lesibili. Lapho ukumpontshelwa igazi esigulini kuleli qembu angagcina hemolysis intravascular, okuphumela ekufeni. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu ukungavumelani antigen izidingo nesineke kuphela igazi eBombay, njalo izinkawu efanayo selikhona.

Abantu abanjalo bephoqeleka ukuba neminyaka engu-18 ukuze alondoloze igazi labo siqu, khona-ke kwakufanele uwathele uma isidingo. Nezinye izici okufanayo emzimbeni balaba bantu akudingeki. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi lo mkhuba Bombay - a "yokuphila" kunokuba isifo. Ukuze baphile naye ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele kuphela uqaphele "ubunjalo" yabo.

Izinkinga ngubaba

Bombay mkhuba - wezihlubuki 'nesiphepho ngomshado. " Inkinga eyinhloko itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ukuzimisela ubuyise, ngaphandle izifundo ezikhethekile akunakwenzeka ukufakazela ukuba khona lomkhuba.

Uma ngokungazelelwe othile unqume ukucacisa ngobudlelwane ke qiniseka ziyitshela ukuthi khona okungenzeka kuguquka ezinjalo. Ukuhlolwa umdlalo zofuzo Kulezo zimo kufanele olunye enwetshiwe, ne ukutadisha ukwakheka antigenic yegazi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Kungenjalo, unina womntwana ugijima ingozi wokuba wedwa ngaphandle komyeni wakhe.

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kungase kube kuphela esebenzisa ukuhlolwa zofuzo nokuzimisela lwegazi uhlobo ifa. Ucwaningo eqolo akusebenzanga at ukusetshenziswa kabanzi samanje. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane izalwe neqembu ezahlukene igazi kwakufanele zixwaywe Bombay mkhuba ngokushesha. Akuwona neze umsebenzi olula, ngoba ukwazi ngale ndaba inqwaba yabantu.

Bombay igazi legciwane yayo okwamanje

Njengoba kushiwo, abantu Bombay igazi awavamile. Ngo kwabaMhlophe, lolu hlobo igazi cishe ingekho; AmaHindu njengoba lokhu igazi landile (ngokwesilinganiso, abantu baseYurophu kwesifo leligazi - Kwesinye isenzakalo ngasinye abantu 10 million). Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi lesi simo esiholela amandla izici of amaHindu kazwelonke nakwezenkolo.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi e-India inkomazi iyisilwane engengcwele edliwayo inyama zayo. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi yenkomo iqukethe antigen athile ukuthi kungabangela izinguquko isimiso sezakhi zofuzo, igazi Bombay kukhulunywa ngayo kaningi. Kubantu abaningi eYurophu badle inyama yenkomo, okuyisigaba sokuqala ukuvela imfundiso yokuziphendukela nokucindezela antigen esikhubazayo isakhi sofuzo epistatic.

Mhlawumbe bethonywe izimo zezulu, Nokho, lo mbono okwamanje lafundvwako, ngakho ubufakazi ukulungisiswa zayo.

Ukubaluleka igazi Bombay

Ngeshwa, mayelana Bombay igazi manje ngezwa ambalwa. Lesi senzakalo kuphela zegazi nososayensi abasebenza emkhakheni okwaziwayo genetic engineering. they yodwa azi mayelana Bombay mkhuba ukuthi, kanjani ukuthi kuziveza, futhi kumele athathwe lapho lokuhlonza. Nokho, kuze kube manje kwehluleka ukwambula imbangela esiqondile lesi simanga.

Uma ulibuka ngombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, igazi Bombay kuyisici okungekuhle. Abantu abaningi ukuze usinde ngezinye izikhathi kudinge ukumpontshelwa noma esikhundleni. Ngo ebukhoneni Bombay igazi nobunzima itholakala ukungakwazi yayo esikhundleni uhlobo igazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa imiphumela ebulalayo kubantu abanjalo.

Uma sibheka ezinye eceleni nkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi igazi Bombay kwegolide kakhulu ukwedlula igazi kwamazinga antigen kwengoma. izakhiwo zalo bengayiqondi ngokugcwele, ngakho ngeke sithi yini lo mkhuba Bombay - isiqalekiso noma isipho.