Tincenye ukufulela: soft, eyenziwe ibhodi lukathayela, ukhuni

Kuyo yonke le ndawo yayikhona, isintu siye yasungulwa lenqwaba ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuvikela uphahla. Uma sesithole ukusetshenziselwa lokhu utshani injongo, umhlanga, ubumba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho amagxolo wapheka. Namuhla, le njongo livame decking, ezimise okwama-tile noma ukufulela impahla. Njengoba uphahla kulezizinsuku ngokuvamile akheke eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kukhona omningi izakhi ukufulela ezengeziwe. Iqiniso ukuthi ingxenye uphahla, sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe.

Izakhi eziyinhloko

izakhi Lapho isikhumba njalo ukukhwezwa uphahla ezifana:

• Ridge isici. Ngesikhathi bi mnogoskatnyh nophahla kuphoqelekile.
• Valley. Lezi kwaqanjwa zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela amalunga omzimba at imisebe mnogoschiptsovyh uphahla kusuka amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigodini yenza umsebenzi zokuhlobisa.
• Ezikhumulweni kushimula cap. Isici sokuqala isetshenziswa ukuvimbela ingress amanzi esikhaleni elisophahleni wamyisa igebe phakathi kwezindonga tube futhi ikesi. I cap kushimula owawenzelwa ukuvikela amanzi ngefasitele.

izakhi engeziwe

Futhi kule uphahla, futhi ingase ihlanganise izesekeli ezengeziwe uvumele ukunweba ukuphila inkonzo yayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha izakhamuzi lula ukunakekelwa wokufulela impahla. Ukuze labo zihlanganisa:

• Isilenge, wenze futhi plate sekupheleni. Eyokuqala kuyadingeka ukuvikela Batten phansi podgnivaniya. Isokhethi emapheshana enze umsebenzi ofanayo, kodwa ingxenye semishayweni kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa zombili lezi zici, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ikuvumela ukwandisa izimfanelo zokuhlobisa ophahla.
• Amanzi isimiso sokukhuculula. Ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukugeleza umshushuluzo kanye drainpipe.
• Isithwathwa stop. Lezi zici ophahleni ukuphepha ukusetshenziswa womuntu ukuze kuvinjelwe kokwehla kusukela ophahleni iqhwa "ngendathane" ebusika.
• Kuphakanyisiwe-tube. Khonza ukuhlobisa ngefasitele.
• izakhi ukupholisa. Ziyakwazi kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukukhululwa kwe ayegcwele emoyeni umusi kusuka ikhekhe elisophahleni nophahla.
• izakhi yokhalo Small ogibele imisebe ophahleni onqenqemeni.
• umbani abanikazi induku. Ngokuvamile exhunywe ilungu yokhalo.

izakhi zokuzivikela

Kuthathwa kuphoqelekile izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi uphahla, njenge:

• Isikhungo samanzi futhi umusi isithiyo ifilimu. Eyokuqala isetshenziswa ukuvimbela ingress amanzi phakathi ikhekhe ukufulela ngaphandle, kwesibili - onguye ngaphakathi, okuyi kusukela elisophahleni lwendlu noma Loft. Ukuze nokuvikela umusi isithiyo futhi ingasetshenziswa ifilimu plastic, ukufulela wazizwa noma ulwelwesi ekhethekile.
• Uphahla esithambile ekhethekile ulwelwesi okhaphethi ngaphezu kwalokho isicelo. Zenziwa elinama enikeza isithiyo umswakama.
• Cishe umsebenzi ofanayo futhi usebenze nezinye izakhi Uphahla ukuphepha (by sifakwe emanzini) - endovnye amatshe.
• Ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa izinto. Thuthukisa ukusebenza ukufulela. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa lapho ngcono sihlelelwe elisophahleni yokuhlala. Njengoba nangokuvikela izinto evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu amaminerali yoboya noma polystyrene ukunwetshwa. Ngezinye izikhathi uphahla futhi luphahlekwa polyurethane foam.

Lawa izakhi lokho ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ophahleni ngezinto ezahlukene. Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini ukusebenza kungaba bayifeze.

Ilunga yokhalo ophahleni

Le nto ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo uphahla - lukathayela steel amashidi, ezimise okwama-tile, imithi itiyela ebhodini. Esimweni sokuqala, ihhashi ngokuvamile eyenziwe uthayela futhi ukubukeka pretty nice. Uphahla ezithambile noma wazizwa it is ngokuvamile ezenziwe izinto ezifanayo. izakhi Metal yokhalo ungase ube ukuma ezahlukene - elingunxantathu, ongaphambili omise, uncamane.

Ilunga yokhalo esifakwe ophahleni lwendlu noma shingle shingle ngokuvamile kusukela amapulangwe sokhuni. Ngezinye izikhathi, kulesi simo-ke alisetshenziswa nhlobo.

esigodini

Ophahleni lukathayela steel amashidi futhi ezimise okwama-tile zivamise esetshenziswa ezimbili ucezu ophahleni esigodini. Ingxenye yokuqala igibele ngaphambi kokufakwa base impahla ngokwayo, futhi kuvikela ngokuhlanganyela kusukela amanzi. Isethi yesibili amashidi metal amashidi noma ezimise okwama-tile, futhi yenza umsebenzi luyingxenye zokuhlobisa.

Amanzi emvula izinhlelo

izakhi zophahla, eyenzelwe amanzi amanzi, efakwe ngokushesha emva kokufakwa Cornice strip. kubakaki Ukukhweza inamathelisiwe ngqo kuso. Nkinga nge skates, amanzi engena umshushuluzo ukukhwezwa engela kancane futhi liyashona ngokusebenzisa ipayipi abakhwabanisi. Ngaphansi kwalo ngokuvamile aneliseke umamukeli emgodini. Kusukela wakhe ngaphandle kwenkantolo ukuqhuba emseleni amanzi.

Amanzi amanzi ohlelweni ophahleni ukuze ivikele izindonga lesi sakhiwo ekulimaleni amanzi emvula, futhi asisekho isisekelo kusuka ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Ngenduku isilenge, wenze futhi ukuphela

Isikhathi esining impela, lezi zinto ezengeziwe asetshenziselwa ambozwe uphahla. Ophahleni ibhodi lukathayela, amathayili elithambile, ezimise okwama-tile nezinye izinto ngokuvamile kwahambisana ukunquma nentaba of the izimisele tin emapheshana. Ukusebenzisa kwabo kungaba ngcono izimfanelo zokuhlobisa ophahleni futhi kwandisa ukuphila yayo. Lezi zici ifakwa onqenqemeni umshayo kanye Batten phansi.

iqhwa stop

Libuye ngempela esibalulekile ophahleni. asetshenziswa Zonke onogada ongakhetha metal iqhwa, ngaphandle kokukhetha, phezu kwezindlu. Limelela lesi sici ngokuvamile ngendlela ekhethekile (ngesimo calantsatfu emagumbini) strip engonxantathu camera nge tin. Kukhona nezinye imiklamo leminyenti lelukhuni. Egibele iqhwa stop at ibanga cishe 35 cm kusukwa emthambekeni kanye ubude balo lonke. Lezi yizici ezibalulekile kophahla yokhuni noma ruberoidnyj metal.

Ezikhumulweni ipayipi dummy

Lo msuka eyengeziwe ngokuvamile ezenziwe tinplate. I izimisele emaphethelweni engenhla iphinifa zifakwa ku Stroebe kwenziwe ngefasitele. I kwezinye izingxenye zixhunywe nge ukugqagqana-15 cm. Ukuvikela lezi zinto eyengeziwe okungenzeka zibe ukufulela lukathayela, shingle shingle, futhi ruberoidnyj t. D.

Casings asetshenziselwa ukuvikela amapayipi yokulwa umswakama, futhi ukumboza isakhiwo kancane ubhujiswe. Kulo mBhalo asikho isidingo iyokhandwa yezimonyo of ngefasitele.

izakhi ukupholisa

I timphawu tesakhiwo ophahleni izothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu uma usebenzisa izingxenye ezilandelayo nokushaya komoya izinto:

• aeroelementy;
• nobudlova imiqulu;
• Tiles ngeziteshi emoyeni;
• grilles;
• floodlights;
• izinto ezikhethekile nge izimbobo emoyeni.

Umfutholuketshezi futhi umusi isithiyo ifilimu

impahla Okubalulekile ukuthi ivikela timphawu tesakhiwo uphahla kuthiwa nokuvikela ifilimu. Ukuvimbela ingress umswakamo ukufulela ikhekhe esetshenziswa:

• ifilimu perforated:
• ulwelwesi;
• ifilimu antioxidant;
• izinsini hydrophilic;
• obmazochnye futhi wafutha izinto;
• ezijulile ujova.

tinhlobo letehlukene ucwecwe izinto ingasetshenziswa njengesithiyo umusi, ngaphezu ezivamile polyethylene ifilimu. Kulokhu, isendlalelo udlala indima ukubonakalisa ukushisa Abuyela endlini emuva kwezikhathi futhi ngaphandle igibele ucwecwe. Yena abethela ngqo kuze kube semishayweni cubes ngemuva kokufaka libe yisivikelo ukushisa. Ungangenisi amanzi ifilimu ngokuvamile efakwe ngaphansi kophahla ishidi profiled noma shingle. Ngaphansi ezimise okwama-tile ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ingubo amanzi-ubufakazi. Egibele ku ikesi okuqinile. Le filimu unamathele ngqo imishayo phezu nokunensa kancane ukuvimbela uyadabuka ku eshintshashintshayo le timphawu tesakhiwo ophahla. On phezulu likhreyithi eyayigcwele amapulangwe emincane.

Lining futhi endovnye ukhaphethi

Lezi zici ukufulela awakhonzi nje kuphela uphawu ezengeziwe, kodwa futhi ukuze udlulisele amandla lokunameka usebenzisa ezimise okwama-tile. Ngo singasetshenziswa njengoba Esekelwa ukhaphethi, isibonelo, "Icopal», KATEPAL, Ruflex kanye nezinye izinhlobo.

Endovnye amatshe - ngokuvamile futhi izakhi ezibalulekile kakhulu uphahla esithambile. Zivame eyenziwe elithambile, impahla amanzi.

Ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa izinto

Ngokuvamile, i- ukwahlukanisa uphahla esetshenziswa basalt uvolo. Kuyinto engabizi futhi material ngempumelelo kakhulu. zako ezisemqoka ezibhekwa ophansi kakhulu conductivity ezishisayo futhi okungezona flammability. Nokho, idwala uvolo is akwazi ukubekezelela kahle nomswakama eliphezulu. Le nto kalula ubamba umswakama futhi ngaleyo ndlela ilahlekelwa nezimfanelo zayo nangokuvikela. Ngakho-ke, uma isetshenziswa, ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe izinga isithiyo wokubacindezela futhi umusi. isithiyo umusi ngaphakathi kumele kusetshenziswe nakanjani.

Eyesibili ukwahlukanisa obujwayelekile ezifana polystyrene. Uphahla isiqedile nabo kuyoba ukufudumala ngisho nangaphezu camera amaminerali uvolo. Amanzi polystyrene akesabi, kodwa le ndaba ezivuthayo. Yisebenzise lapho, lapho kukhona igundane, it is hhayi Kunconywa. Iqiniso lokuthi la namagundane uthande prodelyvat e foams uhamba zakhele yabo.

Lezi uphahla nangokuvikela izakhi esehlanganise ingasetshenziswa uvikele kokubili ophahleni camera amashidi steel futhi ezimise okwama-tile, ezimise okwama-tile noma yimuphi omunye.

Lawa izakhi elisetshenziswa ngombala ikhava ophahleni. Film, skates futhi amaphinifa ziyadingeka futhi njalo efakiwe. Valley usethe uma amalunga omzimba. Enye izakhi zixhunywe esidingekile.