Ikholomu Ukhonkolo: design and ukufakwa

Ukhonkolo izakhiwo umthwalo eziveza lisetshenziswe ekwakheni izakhiwo ukuqina mpo. Okuwo umthwalo ukwakhiwa emhlabathini Uyi intfo lebaluleke kakhulu ukwakhiwa.

Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana izakhiwo ezinjalo. Ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi sinesikhundla esithile esithwele, ukushintsha-shintsha isilinganiso, emihle nemibi. Ngokuvamile, ikholomu isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo, eqinisa ka balcony kanye masimu. Kwaqanjwa zingenziwa esakhiweni yasekuqaleni futhi ukunikeza acebile, ukubukeka ezithakazelisayo. Futhi amakholomu ukhonkolo ungase ube ukuma isiyingi, isikwele noma unxande.

Izinhlobonhlobo izakhiwo zikakhonkolo

Kukhona Monolithic futhi Precast amakholomu ukhonkolo. Prefabricated bakhangwa izindleko zalo nesivinini inhlangano, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi amabhlogo ekhiqizwa ezimbonini, zithunyelwa isayithi bese kuphela bahlangane. izakhiwo Monolithic agcwaliswa ngqo esakhiweni, okusho ukuthi kufanele uchithe isikhathi esiningi elinde iphele ingxube. Futhi izakhiwo Monolithic ayacelwa ukulungiselela uhlaka izinga kanye formwork.

Izinzuzo amakholomu ukhonkolo

amakholomu Ukhonkolo babe namandla high. imiklamo ezinjalo okuhlala, ukumelana nomlilo futhi umsebenzi oncomekayo kanye sezulu. Ngenxa yokudlanga kokuxhashazwa izinto, intengo kakhulu.

Okumbi lamakholomu ukhonkolo

Naphezu inani elikhulu izinzuzo, e kwagcizelela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo has bokwenza.
Uma kulindeleke umthwalo izibalo Kwakuseshwa kahle, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo singase imifantu e isakhiwo, ngisho ukubhujiswa kwalo.

Ukukhethwa uhlobo kukholamu ukhonkolo

izici ezibalulekile eziningana ukuba ayicabangele lapho ekhetha uhlobo amakholomu ukhonkolo. Lezi zinto zibandakanya:

• uhlobo sezulu;
• ikakhulukazi umhlabathi esakhiweni;
• kulinganiselwa umthwalo ezingeni isakhiwo;
• phansi futhi ubukhulu isakhiwo.

Ukukhetha design Kunconywa baphendukela Ochwepheshe eziningana ukuze kuboniswane. Ukubalwa amakholomu ukhonkolo kungcono ukwenza ngokuhlanganyela nezifundiswa izinkampani zokwakha, isb. Ngo., Ukwenza ukubala ngokwakho, ungakwazi ukuvimbela amaphutha amabi. Uma ungakwazi ukucela usizo inkampani ukwakhiwa, izibalo kungenziwa inthanethi. Khumbula ukuthi lena yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu futhi ebalulekile ukwakhiwa. Uzokhetha izibalo kuncike amandla futhi lithembekile isakhiwo eziphathekako, sonke isakhiwo.

Lapho kubalwa ikholomu ukhonkolo kufanele kubhekwe:

• ikholomu hlobo.
• Inombolo kanye ekilasini ukuqinisa.
• Umthwalo kulindeleke (kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu Inkomba futhi uyakucabangela isisindo ikholomu).
• Ikhwalithi kanye ekilasini ngokhonkolo.
• usayizi ikholomu.

Umklamo kukholamu eziphathekako inqubo ethela

Ukuze ahlanganise prefabricated izakhiwo zikakhonkolo, uzodinga imishini kanye nezisebenzi, ngeke bathathe isikhathi esiningi, ngakho le nqubo ngeke kucatshangelwe.

Okuningi nzima nakakhulu ukuthulula okuqinile amakholomu ukhonkolo. Ukufakwa kumele yente ku-esakhiweni.

Ngemva kokukhetha Monolithic uhlobo isakhiwo kanye ekubalweni lemali edingekayo ezidingekayo ukuze uqale inqubo ukulungiselela yokugcwalisa amakholomu. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe armature enjalo metal elinendawo amandla futhi weldability. Futhi, kwakufanele kube njalo adhesion ezinhle ukhonkolo.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlangana lo formwork, udinga ukususa isikhala emhlabeni. Formwork efiselekayo ukuwenza ukuma cylindrical kabani ubukhulu kuvumelana ubukhulu ikholomu esizayo. Emhlabeni isilinda ligcwele emhlabeni, futhi batheleka mix ukhonkolo. Uhlaka kufanele ukukhwezwa kukholomu okuhlala, ukuqinisa obukhulu. Nokufaka kufanele kube inqobo futhi enamathiselwe izintambo nemigoqo athé isisekelo lelungiselelwe. Lapho uhlaka libuthene ngokugcwele, kubalulekile ukuba mpahla Ukuqinisa lashukumisa steel ishidi. steel lashukumisa kumele kuvikelwe kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba uma ugcwalisa umthwalo omkhulu kulindeleke kubo. Ngemva ukulungiswa isakhiwo usungaqala ethela ingxube kakhonkolo, lapho ngokuzikhethela futhi kudingekile ukuba baqikelele egcwele. Gcwalisa kufanele kwenziwe izingqimba alinganayo. Isixazululo kumele ngezikhathi ram ukuklama Bubbles emoyeni zingaveli. Uma kunesidingo, ulungise formwork nokuqiniswa ifremu.

Ngemva ethela isakhiwo ukhonkolo kubalulekile ukwenza Ukudilizwa formwork. Ukuqaqa kufanele uqale kuphela ngemva ukuqina ephelele ngokhonkolo, lapho kulesakhiwo ukuthola ngokugcwele izici ezidingekayo. Disassembly akuyona inqubo elula, ngakho-ke efiselekayo ukuphathisa ubuciko abazi ezilandelana ngayo formwork kube zezikhali isakhiwo. Kubalulekile kule nqubo ye ukuliqaqa ilimaze ikholomu bese ugcine it ubuqotho, ngakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale, qinisekisa ukuthi amandla ngokhonkolo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho amakholomu imidwebo ukhonkolo. Ukufaka nabo phansi kuboniswe ngokucacile.

Izici ukufakwa kwagcizelela ukhonkolo izakhiwo

ukwesekwa Ukhonkolo Kunconywa ukufaka at emaphethelweni izakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo. Namathisela isakhiwo kuya base futhi ulandela ophahleni nge amahange.

Ukufakwa Columns - kakhulu isikhathi inqubo oqothulayo, futhi sibhekane naso wedwa kunzima, ngakho-ke sicela ucele usizo abakhi - ochwepheshe.

Uma wayefisa, ukwakha kungenziwa indawo odongeni encane eyakhiwe ngezitini. Lokhu odongeni kungenziwa run ngokuzimela, futhi kuzobiza kancane. Ububi-ke ukuthi ongathwali umthwalo kakhulu.

Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana izakhiwo ukweseka maphakathi isakhiwo, t. Ukuze. Ziwubufakazi kubaluleke kakhulu umklamo isici. Ukufakwa enjalo isekela cishe liyefana yini ukufakwa izingongolo, esisogwini emaphethelweni isakhiwo. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi valve kumele kusetshenziswe ingxenye metal.

Ukubuyiselwa amakholomu ukhonkolo

Kuye ukusetshenziswa okuhloswe ngamakhalamu, bangakwazi kuthathelwe indawo izinto ezilandelayo:

• Square amashubhu steel (kungasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni olulodwa storey noma ezimbili storey indlu, phezu izakhiwo ekhoneni).
• Brick namakholomu (engathandeki ukusebenzisa uma umthwalo enkulu ihlelelwe, t. K. A ukwaziswa okuncane eqinile futhi awukwazi ukumelana kobukhulu design).
• izakhiwo Ngokhuni okungase kwenziwe izingodo noma izingodo (ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izakhiwo ezakhiwe eduze, efana ababekuvulande pergola).

Cishe zonke lezi izakhiwo, kanye ukufakwa enezisekelo zikakhonkolo, kumele usebenzise i- crane nokuheha ochwepheshe ngaphezulu.

Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo yokugcwalisa amakholomu nge mix ukhonkolo kakhulu isikhathi esiningi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, enze ngendlela yakhe kanzima. Kudinga umtfwalo lomkhulu namakhono ukusebenza leyo misebenzi. Ngo inqubo concreting kuyadingeka ukuze agcine imidanti eziye abalwe ngenhla.