Top sigqoka lezinyosi ebusika nge ushukela isiraphu. Isikhathi kanye nenani sigqoka

Breeding nokunakekela lezinyosi - inqubo onokwethenjelwa futhi isikhathi esiningi. Ngemva isizini ihlobo, umnikazi we-isifuba kumelwe bakwazi ukunakekela izinambuzane kanye feed amasheya. Ukuze overwintering yimpumelelo lezinyosi kufanele kwenziwe umquba ekwindla. Le nqubo kuzosiza ukugcina inombolo enkulu abantu emindenini e nenkathi ebandayo onempilo enhle nonamandla amandla indiza olandelayo.

Ukulungiselela lezinyosi for ebusika

Ngemva isizini ihlobo, umnikazi we-isifuba kudingeka aqhube ehloliwe imikhaya. Indlela ukulungiselela izinyosi ebusika? Ukuze wenze lokhu kumelwe abale engu kwesibeletho kanye nenani Nzalo. Lezi idatha eyomsiza ukunquma isidingo letengetiwe ukulungiselela bee amakoloni ebusika.

Uma ipulazi has ubufakazi "amandla" izinambuzane ezahlukene, okufanele kwenziwe efaka umquba izinyosi ushukela isiraphu, ngoba amasheya uju ngokuvamile hamba emikhayeni ababuthakathaka.

Phezu ukuthola izifo zonke izinambuzane ngempela ubufakazi ukucutshungulwa ekhethekile kwenzeka amalungiselelo wezilwane. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba kubanda omkhaya uzokwazi bathole impilo yabo futhi udlondlobale. Kuyinto nemithi edingekayo ukungezwa Umanyolo.

Ingabe ngidinga avale?

Ebusika, izinyosi abhekene amabili izigaba zokuphila nokuthuthukiswa. Ingxenye yokuqala kule sizini libhekene ezolile ephelele nokuthula ubufakazi. Phakathi nale nkathi, izinambuzane neze ukuhambisa kule izidleke futhi kudle ukudla. Bazuza amandla namandla esinyathelweni esilandelayo.

Isimo sishintshile emkhayeni bee ne ukubonakala Nzalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, lezi zinambuzane ziqala ukuba asebenzayo:

• ukondla Nzalo;
• lokushisa ethile inakekelwa endaweni rasplodnika;
• alawule nomswakama.

Mayelana imisebenzi efana enobudlova, bachitha amandla amaningi, okuyinto kumelwe kubuyiselwe usebenzisa umsoco. Ngakho ekwindla efaka umquba izinyosi ushukela isiraphu kungasiza imikhaya ikwazi ukubona ukuchitha Nzalo izinga.

Isikhathi eliphezulu inqubo ukulungiselela kanye nokusetshenziswa ushukela isiraphu

Abafuyi bezinyosi abangomakad 'ebona zazihlukaniswe ngombono. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi yaba Umanyolo zingaba ekwindla ngasekupheleni, kuyilapho abanye singaphoqi ukusetshenziswa version entwasahlobo ka isiraphu. Lapho ukuqala ukusuthisa izinyosi ebusika?

Nokho abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukuqhuba le nqubo ngasekupheleni kuka-August futhi ekuqaleni kuka-September. Iminyaka lezinyosi ngalesi sikhathi abahlukene encishisiwe futhi iphela ngesikhathi isifumbathiso. Futhi banake yokuthi eduze lezi zidleke awazange eziqhakazayo. Kungenjalo izinyosi ngeke ndizela kulezi imibala hhayi ukucubungula isiraphu ushukela.

Ezindaweni eseningizimu yaleli zwe ngenxa yokudla ebusika lezinyosi ushukela isiraphu kungenziwa yakhiwa 5-10 Okthoba. Lapha, ngalesi sikhathi usalokhu nezinga lokushisa nsuku zonke ingaphezu 10 ^0. Ngamanye izingxenye zezwe kuhamba phambili ukuqedela le nqubo phambi September 15-20.

Kamuva, yokudla akuvumeli izinambuzane ukondla ngokuphelele rework ukuzalwa inzalo. Futhi ukucutshungulwa izingane ukusuthisa akufanele abathintekayo noma kunjalo. Lo msebenzi umane nasencithakalweni. Umsebenzi oyinhloko isizukulwane esisha lezinyosi ebusika - iwukuba bathole amandla namakhono amandla isizini entwasahlobo-ihlobo. Lezi zinambuzane nje kuze kuphele isizini abandayo endaweni ukhululekile.

Nzalo Late alibale indiza yokuqala izilwane ezisencane. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi lezi zinambuzane ziqala ukuba akhishwe esitokisini. A izindawo izinyosi uju isetshenziswa hhayi nalutho. Ngakho, ngesizini ezayo ingancishiswa kakhulu umpe yokuqoqa kanye ukuyicubungula esojwini, kanye nabantu kungase kukumangaze obenesifo.

Izinambuzane kusetshenzwe isiraphu ekunikezeni ukudla izinyosi mayelana nezinsuku ezingu-14. Ngalesi sikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu lokushisa umbuso emgwaqeni. Uma le nqubo kwenziwe entwasahlobo, kungenzeka kunonophisa luhlelo kwesibeletho Nzalo yokukhulisa, okuyoholela ekulahlekelweni inani elikhulu izinambuzane.

Indlela yokufeza ukucutshungulwa ushukela isiraphu ukubala kuqala efanele senani

Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphambi abasebenza ngaphakathi yokudla isidleke kudingeka ukubeka ozimele ezimbili elingenalutho. Ngakho, kusetshenzwe isiraphu izinambuzane izokwenziwa kuseli. Ngendlela izinyosi baqale amunca ukudla kuvela phakathi esidlekeni. Khona-ke eduze entwasahlobo, bashukumiseleke ohlangothini lezinyosi, okuzoba izinqolobane uju yemvelo.

Ukuvundiswa izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ebusika kufanele kwenziwe ethile. Bala isisindo edingekayo kulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka unqume ukuthi ku isamba ukudla lonke ebusika umkhaya. Umbiko uqhuba uthi abafuyi bezinyosi abanolwazi ku izinambuzane 3000 (eyodwa ifreyimu emgwaqweni) kufanele kube 2 kg uju.

Ngokusho imithetho of ukufuywa, omningi walo ukudla kufanele kube zemvelo. Lokhu nezinyosi, elihle kuvuna izinyosi. Umnikazi ubufakazi ekupheleni kwesizini simenza ohlakeni. Iqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze umsebenzi isinambuzane.

Uju okuyinto ukukhiqiza izinambuzane ushukela isiraphu kungenzeka 30% okuphakelayo Imininingwane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubala senziwa isisindo ushukela, hhayi kusukela isisindo isiraphu. Ngakho, 1 kg uju izinyosi ukukhiqiza esilinganayo ushukela, amnandi futhi isixazululo ungakaqedi.

Izici ukupheka isiraphu

Ekwindla ka abantu abanayo ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi e inqubo Ukugaya polysaccharides eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze monosaccharides. Futhi, abanayo ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ukuba amaseli uphawu. Ngenxa yalesi sigqoka ukuze izinyosi ebusika ushukela isiraphu kufanele iqhutshwe ngokwesimiso sansuku kuhambisana olinganise ngqo yezingxenye ekulungiseleleni ikhambi.

Ushukela ingasetshenziswa beetroot nomhlanga. Akumele sakhiwa amanyela. Amanzi ukwenziwa isiraphu ngempela usule. Kumele abilisiwe ukuvikela kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngo packagings ngamanzi futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi a kwenze kwakhiwa, okuyinto okuhlanganisiwe edingekayo.

Uma ushukela ngesikhatsi isitoreji unezinkolelo amanzi amaningi, lo isiraphu ilungele ubilise imizuzu 10-15. kube Ngakho bakwazi ukugwema zokuthelela izifo fungal lezinyosi. Ubilise isiraphu akuvunyelwe nakancane. Udinga ukuqapha eduze, ngakho-ke akabi, kungenjalo izinambuzane ngeke bakwazi ukuyicubungula.

Lungiselela isiraphu kuyadingeka ebhodweni koqweqwe lwawo. Kufanele kube uqweqwe. Ukuze ekucubunguleni isixazululo ketshezi lezinyosi amnandi ukuchitha amandla amaningi ningene basebusika buthaka umbuso. Kuyoba wakho inemiphumela ezimpilweni zabo kanye nekhwalithi noju ngesizini ezayo.

Syrup Ukwakheka lokondla izinyosi ebusika

Abafuyi bezinyosi uzamile izindlela eziningi ezahlukene ukuze kusaladi. Obani abasebenzisa Ukwakheka efakazelwe and qualitative:

1. I elilungile kakhulu isilinganiso - 3 (ushukela): 2 (amanzi). Ngakho, i-60% ushukela isiraphu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulungiselela 10 amalitha feed eseqedile kufanele uthathe 6 kg ushukela 4 amalitha amanzi. Ukuze ugweme crystallization iphutha, le mithi sengezwe acetic acid e isilinganiso 0.3 ml ngayinye 1 kg ushukela. Lokhu isithako kuba nomphumela omuhle izinga lezinyosi ubusika. Banezinhliziyo fat umzimba othuthuke kangcono, futhi bavumela isiphethu Nzalo okukhulu.
2. Thuthukisa amasosha omzimba izinambuzane ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo in ukunikeza ayibe. Le ngxenye kunomphumela omuhle abasha. Izinyosi ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo ngokuhle entwasahlobo amabutho ahambe ngendiza. Thenga le ngxenye ingase ibe ekhemisi. Kukhona izinto uyadayiswa yini uhlobo amaphilisi ayibe chloride. Izibhebhe 2 kwanele ukuze ungeze 2 amalitha isiraphu isiqedile.
3. Med isiraphu kabusha akuyona izakhi zomzimba ezanele izinyosi. Ukuze eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nokubunjwa engokwemvelo ubisi cow sika yengezwe ikhambi ushukela. Ngakho, izinyosi zingasebenzisa 76% of the izakhi ezidingekayo. Ukuze kulungiswe isiraphu enjalo kuyadingeka ukuthatha kancane 20% kunanoma amanzi. Emva lwaluyophola lo isiraphu kokuqendwa ⁰ kuya 45 udinga ukwengeza ubisi kuya Ingxenye ulahlekile yamanzi. Ngakho, ukulungiswa 10 amalitha isiraphu kubalulekile ukusebenzisa 3.2 amalitha amanzi kanye 0.8 amalitha ubisi. Le isixazululo kufakwa ofudumele isidleke.
4. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ukulungiswa lombhaki imvubelo zokupheka. Kulokhu, lo isiraphu iphekwe ku isilinganiso 1: 1. 10 amalitha udinga ukuthatha 250 amagremu of imvubelo onomfutho. Badinga ugqule e ilitha isigamu isiraphu eseqedile bese wengeza ikhambi Imininingwane, govuza kahle. yokudla izinyosi okunjalo ushukela isiraphu ebusika izonikeza inombolo ezanele izinambuzane, ukulandelela izakhi kanye amavithamini. Uma usebenzisa nembiliso ezomile kufanele kuthuthukiswe kubo cwilisa at 12 g ngalinye 1 ilitha isiraphu isiqedile.
5. Ukuze ugweme nosema, udinga ukwengeza isiraphu "fumagillin" ngesilinganiso 250 ml ngayinye 12.5 amalitha feed isiqedile. Umuthi kumele buhlanjululwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngamanzi okumsulwa.
6. Ukuvikela isifuba kusukela imikhaza ukusuthisa isidingo sokwenezela esincane zikaphayini izinaliti. Futhi, lolu kwalokho sizonikeza nemindeni amavithamini ezengeziwe futhi unike ikhambi iphunga elimnandi.
7. Ubuyise bee amaprotheni ku ekudleni, ungasebenzisa amaqanda inkukhu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga i ezinhle nyakazisa i phehla amaqanda noma blender kanye nzima ngokusebenzisa cheesecloth. Isithako kumelwe ukungezwa isiraphu esiphelele. On 1 bee koloni kuyoba okwanele 1 pc.

Zonke ezinye izithako kunezelwa isiraphu selehlile. Iphele okuphakelayo ayikwazi abilisiwe okweqile. Uma kudingeka, Bilisa isiraphu usulungile, kumele ngezikhathi asuswe ukushisa ngaphambi abilayo iphuzu.

Ukulungiselela we isiraphu

Amanzi lemali edingekayo kusengaphambili bavikela. Wabe alethwe ngamathumba i isitsha koqweqwe lwawo futhi ubeke eceleni kude umlilo. Kuphela ngale ndlela sengezwe lemali edingekayo ushukela uhlanganise kahle.

Lapho usebenzisa i-litre izimbiza for ukulinganisa inani izithako akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ngu-800 kuphela amagremu kwezinto eziqinile ibekwe kuwo. Ngemva nokonakala ephelele isiraphu ushukela ishiywa selehlile 40 ^0.

Manje ukudla, ungakwazi ukwengeza yezingxenye ezengeziwe kudingeka ukwandisa inani amavithamini namaminerali. e ingxube esiphelele Futhi kungenzeka wathela uju yemvelo e isamba ngo-10% of the isixazululo ingqikithi.

Izinyosi uphawu lezinyosi uju isiraphu, inqubo, noma ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi wanezela. Ngakho kudingeka alungiselele ngokucophelela ukuze isiraphu izinyosi ushukela. Ingxenye 3: 2 liyakushunyayelwa ngokucacile waphawula. Ngakho, kuvela lo isiraphu nge kwabantu ezifanele, kanye izinambuzane kusetshenzwe kalula zibe ushukela uju, hhayi ukusebenzisa amandla ezingadingekile.

Kanjani ukufeza inqubo yokudla

Akubalulekile nje kuphela ngokuphumelelayo nokulungisa isiraphu, kodwa futhi ukusabalalisa kahle. Kunoma ikuphi, wonke amalungiselelo be ngaphumeleli. beekeeper abanolwazi uyasazi isikhathi kanye nenani ukusuthisa izinyosi ebusika ngoba amapulazi abo. Abanikazi abasha kumele bafunde amasu eziyisisekelo. Ukondla izinyosi ushukela isiraphu ikhiqizwa:

• nengcosana ngesikhathi (kuze kufike 1 ilitha);
• inombolo enkulu (1-3 amalitha).

Indlela yokuqala kwamukeleke kangconywana futhi kuyafaneleka. Ngo kwafakwa isilinganiso esincane semithi bee ngokushesha futhi kusetshenzwe kangcono ushukela isiraphu in uju. enzyme kukhiqizwa cleavage ushukela (invertase) entula Ubuningi obanele ukuba ingxenye yonke we sigqoka.

Indlela yesibili ungasebenzisa enikeziwe umndeni bakhulu banamandla. Libuye olufanele enikeziwe inzalo okuhle esidlekeni. Efaka umquba at izinyosi ushukela ebusika isiraphu sihamba usebenzisa esebenza ngogesi kanye ohlangothini ngezinye izikhathi engenhla. Kusengaphambili asuswe isifuba cell ezingenalutho. Of phezulu izinambuzane Element ngokushesha ukuthatha isiraphu ukuyicubungula, ngoba kancane kancane abandayo.

Autumn yokudla lezinyosi ushukela isiraphu ikhiqizwa kusihlwa. Sweet isixazululo amaconsi ningaweli ezindongeni esidlekeni, noma phansi eduze nayo. Kungenjalo izinyosi fly bese benze izenzo ezengeziwe ukuqoqa okuphakelayo awunaso isikhathi ukucubungula.

Yini okufanele isetshenziswe emaphaketheni?

I isiraphu noshukela izinyosi (ngezabelo ngokuqinile kufanele uhlangane) angase abekwe esidlekeni ngezindlela eziningana:

• ophahleni noma side esebenza ngogesi, okuyinto akhiwe emabhulohweni abenziwe ngokhuni noma utshani, ukugwema ekushoniseni izinambuzane isiraphu;
• 3-Ilitha embizeni;
• ukupakisha izikhwama;
• ukugcwalisa sezitokisi ezingenalutho.

Amapulazi amancane eminingi evame ukusetshenziswa amathuluzi ngakwesokunene lapho enza ekwindla efaka umquba izinyosi ushukela isiraphu. Ngakho ingxube lelungiselelwe yafakwa embizeni 3-litre lapho entanyeni ke afakwe ngu gauze eligoqiwe izingqimba eziningana. Bank ibheke phansi bese zifakwa ezigabeni engenhla isifuba. Isiraphu Akufanele izogobhoza isitsha. Izinyosi imunce ukudla ngokusebenzisa Ukuvikelwa gauze.

Ukusebenzisa amaphakheji yokudla

Indlela eshibhe futhi elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa lokondla nokupakisha amaphakheji. Yehluka plastic amandla ngaphezulu futhi khona ikhule ezimbotsheni ezincane evumela kahle ukusabalalisa iphunga isiraphu emhlabeni isidleke. Ngakho, self-bhoboza amaphakheji akudingeki.

Nge emaphaketheni ezifana izinyosi ngeke basebenzise amandla okuncane lubhoboze iphakheji, futhi isixazululo ushukela ngeke iconsa ungene izindonga floor esidlekeni. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuvamile kuchazwa ochwepheshe abaningi esigabeni ukufuywa. Top sigqoka lezinyosi ebusika nge iphakethe kuthatha okungenani isikhathi kanye nemizamo ngokomzimba.

I amaphakheji zigcwele isiraphu eseqedile iboshelwe. Zakhiwa kusihlwa uzimele engenhla ukuqikelela ukuthi ucindezele phansi izinyosi. Lokhu ukwakhiwa luphahlekwa avaliwe. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje izinyosi ukuthatha ngokuphelele kude umanyolo kutawatfutfukisa ke.

Lezi zinambuzane akazange ukulithatha ukudla ngendlela, kuze isiraphu kuyadingeka ukuze ungeze uju oluncane iphunga. Le ndlela iyona ezivamile kanye nezimo zabo.