Traveller Robert Scott kanye uhambo lwakhe oludumile

Robert Scott - IsiZulu wamazwe elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye owathola, ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe etadisha Antarctica ne-South Pole. Lokhu kwaziswa lunikezelwe Robert Falcon Scott nabangane bakhe abane entwasahlobo ka-1912 mhla ebuya South Pole futhi zabulawa indlala, abandayo nokukhathala ngokomzimba okuhle ngendlela engakholeki.

Imvelaphi ebuntwaneni

Robert Falcon Scott wazalwa ngomhla ka-July 6, 1868 ku-isiZulu port edolobheni Davenport. Uyise, Dzhon Skott, ngokungafani abafowabo, owakhonza Navy, kwaba onempilo ebuthaka, okungenzeka wamvimbela ukuba afeze amaphupho akhe. John ephethwe embonini yokuphisa hhayi ubumpofu, kodwa kwamenelisa neze nge khona kwakhe, iminyaka eminingi waphupha ukuphila egqamile futhi umatasa.

Ngiseyingane, Robert, abathanda nje uyise, ayikwazanga ukuziqhayisa nempilo enhle, ngemva kokuzwa esivela kumalume wakhe, zonke izinhlobo izindaba mayelana kolwandle, kwavutha romance yohambo ezikude. Esengumntwana imidlalo yakhe, wazibonakalisa Umkhuzi abanesibindi, ngekutetsemba ehola umkhumbi ayesebheka emazweni ezingakaze zifinyelelwe. Wayengumuntu kancane anenkani, ukuvilapha ngisho ambalwa inobudlabha, kodwa njengoba amadala wakhe wathola amandla okunqoba lezi amaphutha.

kumiswa

Robert Scott ekuqaleni abaqeqeshiwe ukufunda nokubhala ngesikhathi umphathi, futhi iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala wabhalisa esikoleni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuyi-esikoleni, elise edolobheni elingumakhelwane, umfana ukuthola bebodwa, siqhubekele iponi, okuyinto akaconsi ekuphileni kwakhe.

Isifundo lanikezwa Robert abasha akulula futhi, Nokho, abazali bakhe banquma ukuba umthume Naval School. Mhlawumbe uyise ekubaleni yokuthi indodana yakhe, abukhali ukuhamba olwandle, ngaleyo ndlela wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu ekufundeni futhi ukwazi ukuthola imfundo esezingeni elifanele. Kepha namanje asizange sibe okhuthele, Nokho, okuyinto, awamenzanga ngo 1881 ibhaliswe njengendlela midshipman ku Royal Navy.

Scott Young ingena indlela itilosi. Ujwayele Clements Markham

kweminyaka emibili Robert wahamba ngomkhumbi umkhumbi ukuqeqeshwa Britannia, lapho wathola isikhundla Iphoyisa. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ayeya i armored corvette Boadicea, futhi ngineminyaka engu-19 efika Rover, owayebizwa ukuqeqesha umkhumbi we isigaba we Navy. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Robert Scott - isihambi kusukela ekuzalweni, isikhathi esiningi olwandle, inkonzo is hhayi ikakhulukazi umthanda, futhi namanje Waphupha yohambo lwemikhumbi emazweni akude. Kodwa phakathi ozakwabo wajabulela udumo ezithile kanye nenhlonipho, kusukela igama lomuntu enezimfanelo ezinhle kuphela.

Futhi uma isigaba umkhumbi wabonakala Clements Markham, ithonywe le eminye ukuphila Roberta Skotta. Le ndoda yayihlale unobhala-Royal Society Geographical, yayinesithakazelo intsha futhi abanamakhono. Okwamanje, baye bahlela emncintiswaneni ezikebheni, okwakuthi ophumelele weza Scott, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wahlangana Markham, banake kuso.

Kamuva uRobert Scott wasiphakamisa izifundo zakhe, okwamsiza ukuba ngempumelelo baphumelele ezivivinyweni zabo bese uthole isikhundla uLieutenant. Okulandelayo, wafunda isayensi yezibalo kanye navigation, nepilotage futhi icala yami, ngisho wathatha wezikhali ukuphathwa komlilo izifundo.

Ngo-1899, ubaba Scott washona, ngakho uLieutenant osemusha zaziziningi ukukhathazeka amasha, nesikhathi esincane off ke. Kule nkathi enzima ngaye, uhlangana Markham futhi bafunde kuye mayelana uhambo oluzayo e-Antarctica. Ngosizo Robert ngokushesha ethumela umbiko, azwakalisa isifiso yayo ukuhola le nkampani.

Lolu hambo lokuqala kuya-Antarctic

Njengoba sisekelwa Markham ngo-1901, uRobert Falcon Scott, ababephakathi ngaleso sikhathi lase ukhushuliwe elisezingeni likakaputeni we isikhundla 2nd, aqokwe ikhanda Yokuqala British National Antarctic Expedition, ephelele emkhunjini Ukutholwa. Ngo-1902, abahambi onganqoba ibhande of iphakethe ice futhi ifohle iye ngasenkosini coast Victoria Land. Njengoba Umhlaba King kwatholakala u-Edward VII. Lolu hambo, eyathatha kuze 1904, baqhuba izifundo eziningi.

Njengoba imiphumela lo mkhankaso kuyenelisa kakhulu, igama Scott uthola ezinye notoriety emibuthanweni ethile. Abacwaningi bakwazi ukuqoqa eziningi izinto ezinhle ngisho ukuthola izinsalela eziningi zezimila okuqondene okuthiwa inkathi ephakeme (iminyaka eyizigidi 65-1,8 edlule), elaba ukuzwa yesayensi yangempela. Ngelilodwa nje, uRobert Scott uye walungiselela ososayensi omningi entsha.

isikhathi sokuphila okusha

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi igama Roberta Skotta ngokuya sasihlotshaniswa Antarctic, ngesikhathi yena, uthole okuhlangenwe nakho, waqala ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi yesimanje eklanyelwe lula travel ezimweni ezibandayo. Phakathi nomsebenzi, Robert abahambele lo sokudla lapho wamema ngokuzithandela kakhulu. Ngesinye izenzakalo zenhlalo wahlangana Ketlin Bryus (umqophi), ngo-1908, waba ngumkakhe. Ngonyaka olandelayo, indodana baye bazalwa wazalwa, okuthiwa uPeter Markham.

Ulungiselela uhambo entsha

Cishe ngesikhathi esisodwa nje kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe kwamenyezelwa ukulungiselela uhambo olusha Scott, uhlose ukuba anqobe-South Pole. Robert Scott kusikisela ukuthi ekujuleni namaminerali Antarctic, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo e-America, kukhona ukulungiselela ibhizinisi efanayo, kodwa ukukhulisa izimali ezidingekayo lenhlangano yalolu hambo, kwakungelula njalo ukuba kutholakale.

Umkhankaso ukukhulisa imali lo mkhankaso we Scott abavuka ngemva edumile Robert kaPeary ngo-1909, kumemezela ekunqotshweni North Pole, eye wezwakalisa inhloso yayo ukufeza ne-South. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yabe seyaziwa ukuthi amaJalimane nazo ngisuke kulesi siqondiso. Nokho, Ukulungiselela bomkhankaso IsiZulu kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele, uye wasebenza ngokuzikhandla noRobert Scott, ogama biography, izinkulumo ngaye njengoba umuntu ehlakaniphile futhi okunenjongo. Kuthiwa into yokuqala ayecabanga kunalokho mayelana eside yesayensi kuka kokunqotshwa-South Pole.

Ukuqala bomkhankaso Terra Nova

Ukuwa 1910, Robert Scott ekugcineni wakwazi kahle ukulungiselela uhambo, futhi kakade 2 Septhemba umkhumbi Terra Nova wafika ukubhukuda. Lolu hambo umkhumbi amabombo e-Australia base beza New Zealand. Januwari 3, 1911 Terra Nova safinyelela McMurdo Sound, etholakala eduze Victoria Land. Ngokushesha, abahambi wathola Camp uRoald Amundsen (Norwegian polar wamazwe-irekhodi umnikazi), khona-ke zafika okokuqala eSouth Pole.

Novemba 2, waqala ukuthuthukiswa sekukaningi isigxobo. Ezithuthuthwini, lapho lezi zihambi lalinethemba, kwadingeka zihambe kuleli zwe ngoba babengakulungele efanelekayo ekunyusweni Toros. Pony futhi wakufeza lokho okwakulindelwe yabo, ngakho kwadingeka ukuba abeke ukulala, futhi abantu baphoqeleka ukuba ukudonsa umthwalo osindayo, edingekayo ukuze wenze uhambo. Robert Scott, wazizwa enecala ozakwabo zakhe, zanquma ukubathumela eziyisikhombisa ngibabone. kwavela Landelayo ezinhlanu: Robert yena, izikhulu Genri Bauers, Lawrence Oates futhi Edgar Evans, kanye nodokotela Edward Wilson.

Zokufinyelela lowo mgomo noma ukulahlekelwa?

Abavakashi Usufike umgomo walo Januwari 17, 1912, kodwa lokho kwaba ukufihla ukudumala kwazo, lapho bebona ukuthi lo mkhankaso Amundsen wavakashela lapha eside phambi kwabo - okungukuthi, Disemba 14, 1911. BaseNorway Scott kwesokunxele inothi futhi phakathi nayo wacela ukuthi uma kwenzeka yokufa kwabo, watshela inkosi yakwa-Norway I-kuphumelela kwabo. Akwaziwa onjani imizwa elanqoba ngayo izinhliziyo amaNgisi, kodwa kulula ukuqagela ukuthi uphelé hhayi nje ngokomzimba kuphela kodwa futhi ngengqondo, njengoba eloba idayari yakhe, Robert Scott. Photo, kukhonjisiwe ngezansi, senziwa ngo-January 18 - ngosuku lapho izihambeli waphindela emuva. Lesi sithombe kwaba sekugcineni.

Kodwa kwakusadingeka nginqobe indlela emuva, ngakho uhambo Terra Nova, enza zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile kanye nawo ifulegi British eduze Norwegian salibangisa ohlangothini Northerly. Phambi kwabo ayelinde cishe ikhilomitha elilodwa ayizinkulungwane ngendlela isigamu kanzima, ngesikhathi lapho emafektri eziyishumi izimpahla ihlelwe.

ukufa abahambi

Abasemkhunjini wathutha kusuka Warehouse ukuba agcine, kancane kancane obmorazhivaya izitho zomzimba amandla ukulahlekelwa. Washona Februwari 17, u-Edgar Evans, ababeke ngibanjwe crevasse washayeka ekhanda lakhe. Okulandelayo wafa Lawrence Oates, eyanqunywa imilenze babe kabi yiqhwa zaqina, ngenxa yena wayengeke asonge izandla siqhubeke. Ngo-March 16, watshela ozakwabo zakhe ukuthi ufuna ukuya khona, bese zonke wangena ebumnyameni, engasafuni alibale abanye futhi kube umthwalo. Isidumbu sakhe ngiyithole.

Scott, uWilson futhi Bowers aqhubeka nendlela yawo, kodwa km 18 kuphela ukusuka iphuzu eliyinhloko ababambanga nesiphepho esikhulu. Ukudla babegijima ongaphakeme, futhi abantu ukhathele uyingcuba engakwazanga siqhubekele phambili. I snowstorm akazange ukubohla, futhi lezi zihambi baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale balinde. Mashi 29, kokuchitha okwamanje mayelana izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye, bonke amathathu wabulawa indlala abandayo. Ngeshwa, Roberta Skotta uhambo kuya-South Pole yaphela ngendlela eshaqisa kakhulu.

Ukutholakala bomkhankaso elahlekile

Khulula mission, hamba beyofuna wabahloli ulahlekile, bathola ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Itende, ukufuya kubo ngenxa yamakhaza, umoya neqhwa, ekugcineni waba ethuneni yabo. Lokho abatakuli isaha qhuqha them umnyombo: ewuthi lokuvungula abahambi zonke ebe enza nabo iqoqo eyigugu kakhulu Geological, okuyinto esingamakhilogremu angaba ngu-15 kg. Abazange alinge ukuyeka ngumthwalo ziphephile yabo. Ngokusho kobufakazi abatakuli, Robert Scott babhubha yakamuva.

Ngo-blog yakhe yokugcina okufakiwe ngu-Scott wanxusa Ningamuki nabathandekayo babo. Waphinde wacela ukuba idayari yanikwa umkakhe. Esikhathini imizuzu bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe, uDavide waqonda ukuthi iningi uphinde umbone futhi wabhala incwadi, sicela uKathleen ukuxwayisa nendodana yabo encane ngaphandle sobuvila. Phela, sake ophoqelelwe ukulwa nalesi simo esibhubhisayo. Ngemva kwalokho, indodana Robert uPetru Scott uzuze imiphumela okukhulu, abe abadumile usosayensi-sezinto eziphilayo.

isiphetho

AmaNgisi ezwa nhlekelele, uzwela bakubo owafa heroically. Ngokusebenzisa ukuqoqwa inani iminikelo sebuqoqiwe, anele ukunikeza imindeni polar khona ntofontofo.

Expedition Roberta Skotta echazwe izincwadi eziningana. Eyokuqala wabo - "Ukubhukuda ngesikhathi Ukutholwa" - ebhala yena. nazo eshicilelwe nezinye, esekelwe Diaries ka UScott echaza ngohambo lwakhe kuya-South Pole, isibonelo, "Lolu hambo wokugcina R. Scott" Huxley "Lolu hambo esibi kunazo" Cherry E. Howard.

It kuphela uhlala ukwengeza ukuthi wabahloli, eholwa Robert Scott, wenza feat nobuqhawe ngempela, ngakho amagama abo iyohlale kumemori zabantu.