Tribe, ubuzwe, isizwe - yini lokho? Okuqukethwe imiqondo

Umkhaya - yilokhu ozungezayo wonke umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni. Kancane esekhulile, ingane igcina ifundile mayelana imiqondo ezifana ubulili, uhlanga, ubuzwe, isizwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yena uqala ukuyiqonda, lapho emindeni ungowakhe, bayawazi amasiko abo. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ngo-kokubili ngabantwana nangabantu abadala kukhona ukudideka phakathi namagama afana ezifana ubuzwe, isizwe, uhlanga, isizwe, clan. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile basuke kubhekwe kuyahambisana, banayo i-value ehlukile.

Meaning of "uhlanga"

Igama elithi "uhlanga" ngolimi lesiGreki lisho "abantu." Ngasekuqaleni leli gama lalibhekisela umphakathi wabantu bahlanganiswe nokuzwelana ngegazi.

Namuhla, umbono uhlanga isibe ngobubanzi okuningi.
Manje amaqembu ezinhlanga ivelele hhayi kuphela yilabo ezizihlanganisa, kodwa futhi endaweni Imininingwane lokuhlala, ulimi, isiko, nezinye izinto.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu kwamaqembu ezinhlanga

Kwamaqembu, imindeni, izizwana, abantu bezizwe - kukhona izinhlobo kwamaqembu ezinhlanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuphindze kube izigaba kwemvelo komlando isizwe.

Ngokusho sabaphathi Amaqembu ezizwe, kunezinhlobo nesithupha kuwo:

• umndeni;
• ubulili;
• clan;
• isizwe;
• ubuzwe;
• isizwe.

Bonke khona esikhathini zomlando ezithile, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi washintshelwa bedle izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinhlobo njengoba umndeni, emindeni isizwe ngendlela umphakathi ophucukile babe kudala noma ahlale njengoba isiko. Kwezinye izindawo emhlabeni, bona isesekhona.

Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni uhlanga isizwe, ubuzwe, isizwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la maqembu ezinhlanga akuzona sincike nokuzwelana, ezivamile okusekelwe isisekelo yabo kwezamasiko nakwezomnotho.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi izazi zanamuhla imele futhi uhlobo wesikhombisa zikhonza njengezigqila uhlanga - isizwe yobuhlanga yezakhamuzi. Kukholakala ukuthi imiphakathi yamanje isithole kancane kancane ukuthuthela kulesi sigaba.

Umkhaya, isihlobo somndeni

Emincane kakhulu emphakathini ezinhlanga ezithile kuwubulungisa umndeni (i association of abantu abahlobene omunye komunye ngegazi). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kumiswa somphakathi onjalo, njengomndeni, umshado iqembu kwakusakazwa. It lwenziwe ngobuhlobo kanina, ukuze kwakheke ubani uyise wengane ethile, kwaba nzima. umshado Iqembu eyesikhashana ngoba njalo steel inbreeding futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukonakala.

Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kwagcina kumiswe umphakathi yobuhlanga - ukuhlunga. General kwakhiwa esekelwe wangena inyunyana ezihlobene phakathi nemikhaya embalwa. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ngendlela tribal kwaba ezivamile. Nokho, begodu kukhula isibalo amalungu uhlobo lwe Kwabuye kwaba khona ingozi ukulalana kwezihlobo, babedinga "fresh" igazi.

Ngesisekelo nokubeletha waqala ukwakha kwamaqembu. Njengomthetho, babizwa ngokuthi noma ezaziwa ukhokho-umsunguli noma isilwane totem, ohlonishwa njengomholi abavikela nomvikeli. Kwamaqembu, ngokuvamile ephethwe ezweni, ngofuzo. Namuhla, uhlelo clan wahlala njengoba isiko ngisho eJapane, eScotland nezizwe ezithile zase-India e amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Phela, igama elithi "legazi umbango" lethiwa ezivamile nge ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalesi umphakathi yobuhlanga.

isizwe

Imihlobo oshiwo ngenhla Amaqembu ezizwe mncane impela kunombolo ababamele, esekelwe nokuzwelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isizwe, ubuzwe, isizwe - kuba kwamaqembu ezinhlanga emikhulu kanye nomphakathi othuthuke kangcono.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwamaqembu ezinhlanga, esekelwe nokuzwelana, waqala ukuba luphenduke izizwe. Isakhiwo isizwe lalinabashumayeli izizukulwane eziningana nangemindeni, ngakho ukuthi akuwona wonke amalungu omkhaya wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa umphakathi tribal kancane kancane waqala ukuhlanganyela emakilasini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuzala nangemindeni, izizwe baba baningi kakhulu.

Izizwe ezivamile sasimunye isidingo avikele indawo yawo kwabantu bangaphandle, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baqala ukwakha izinkolelo zabo, amasiko, nolimi.

Emphakathini ophucukile, izizwe ziye eside beqiniso lashabalala, kodwa Emiphakathini eminingi ngaphansi athuthukile namuhla ingafeza lukhulu (e-Afrika, e-Australia futhi Polynesia, kwamanye ziqhingi ezishisayo).

isizwe

Esigabeni esilandelayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuyinto yabekwa uhlanga (isizwe, ubuzwe, isizwe), kwakukhona uthi. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi isibalo amalungu esizwe wakhula ukwenzangcono yalolu hlobo uhlanga eminyakeni, zonke luphelele. Eduzane kwesikhathi kohlelo inceku uvele into ezifana isizwe.

kwavela ubuzwe kwasekuqaleni hhayi ngenxa izibopho zomkhaya noma isidingo ukuba bavikele izwe labo, kodwa ngesisekelo isiko kwakhiwa, imithetho (khona esikhundleni amasiko abomdabu), imiphakathi kwezomnotho. Ngamanye amazwi, isizwe ayehlukile kuzo izizwe esaba khona nje emi kunoma iyiphi indawo, kodwa futhi kungadala isimo sabo siqu.

Nation futhi ubuzwe

isizwe kumiswa owelama futhi eziphambili kakhulu kuze kube manje, ingqopha-mlando uhlanga kwemvelo (isizwe, ubuzwe).

Nation - akuyona nje kweqembu labantu endaweni Imininingwane lokuhlala, ulimi, ukuxhumana kanye namasiko, kodwa futhi ngoba izici ezifanayo ngokwengqondo (ubuzwe), kanye inkumbulo zomlando. Isizwe ihlukile, yena izizwe ukuthi abameleli bayo bakwazi ukwakha umphakathi nomnotho asethuthukile, irherho elihle letjhebiswano ukuhweba, yangasese amalungelo endawo, esikweni lesizwe.

Nge welithi "isizwe" lihlotshaniswa ukuvela ubuzwe - lenye isizwe esithile noma esimweni.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ukuvela uhlanga

Kuwo wonke umlando, izizwe eziningi baye badlula wonke izigaba ukuvela uhlanga: umndeni, isihlobo, clan, isizwe, ubuzwe, isizwe. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo ukuvela namuhla owaziwa, izizwe namazwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokusho imibono ka wobushiqela, kwaba lesizwe esikhethiwe, yakhelwe ukuba abhubhise bonke abanye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yilokho nje indlela izenzakalo ziye zabonisa phakathi nawo wonke umlando, wonke isizwe ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela nabanye lukhumuzeka. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona omunye purebred Aryans, ngemva kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa, iningi lesisizwe jeza kwibanga nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo.

Kukhona amaqembu ezizwe, Ukuhlakulela ngokuvumelana jikelele (umndeni, clan, isizwe, ubuzwe, isizwe), - abantu bakwa-Israyeli, isibonelo. Ngakho, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaJuda bazibize abantu, ngendlela clan, base ejwayelekile (kukhokho oyedwa ka-Abrahama, kinship wonke amalungu). Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nje kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa, bakwazi ukuthola izibonakaliso sizwe ngesimiso ecacile ubudlelwane kwezomthetho nakwezomnotho, futhi kamuva kwakhiwa uhulumeni. Nokho, akwazi ukulondoloza ngababusi uhlelo ecacile, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, ukuvuma nokuzwelana amaxhama okuxhumana nezinye izizwe. Ngokuthakazelisayo, uma ungeke ube ubuKristu, ingenazo amaJuda kwaba amakamu amabili aphikisanayo, kanye yokuthi isimo sabo labhujiswa, futhi abantu ngokwabo babengazange usule, amaJuda ayeyobe ulinde ukonakala.

Namuhla, abantu bahlala umphakathi wezizwe. Kwalowo wabo inquma hhayi kuphela ingqondo nokuphila komuntu, kodwa izinga yayo ephilayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, emazweni amaningi athuthukile namuhla - abantu abavela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene, ukuze amathuba isizwe inter-ngokobuhlanga izakhamuzi kuphezulu kakhulu.