UMuphi - hhayi yakho umxhasi!

NoGayu Maecenas - sicebi elingumRoma, ngesandla esivuleke kangaka wabasiza kanjani abantu bakwa ubuciko, igama lakhe laze vu yasendlini. Igama eliyinhloko esibonisa ukusekelwa - nabugovu. Kunganjani ukuhlanganisa imiqondo kwezenzo zokuphana kanye uxhaso? Ngenxa umxhasi umdwebi sika egameni isu lebhizinisi, emuva ukukhangisa, ngakho - futhi inzuzo. A engumxhasi wezobuciko - ungumuntu ngokunikela ubuciko, isayensi, impilo, imfundo ku wabaholi inhliziyo futhi ngokuvamile ligcina lingaziwa.

-Charity nentuthuko engokomoya umphakathi

Ukuvela kobuKristu eRussia , futhi kwaba ukuqala ukusekelwa - 988. Omunye wemiyalo emikhulu - uthando ngomakhelwane - ". Eziyizintandane futhi abampofu 'liphefumulelwe abantu abahluphekile sompofu, okuyinto ekuqaleni obonakaliswe amafomu olula usizo Ukusabalalisa isinkwa sokudliwa nezingubo zokwembatha, ingasaphathwa - imali eyakhelwe izindlu, babephathwa mahhala. Ngaphambi elikhulu esontweni amaholide ngokwabo izikhulu namakhosi kamuva wavakashela emajele, izikhungo zabangenamakhaya, izibhedlela ngasese, lapho "Ikheli" ukuze zisize abaswele. Ngemva 1551, lapho ebanjwa Stoglavy Cathedral, le esiza abantulayo yathathwa ngumbuso ohlelweni lomphakathi esiza abantulayo. Isikhathi uPetru waqinisa ikakhulukazi ukunakekelwa sabantu yembuso. Vula izibhedlela, emakhaya asebekhulile, amakhaya ezintandane zezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe imithombo eyinhloko nezikhungo zomphakathi yalolu hlobo bebelokhu iminikelo yangasese njalo. UPetru ngokwakhe banikela yesithathu nomholo wakhe. Okukhulu kakhulu izindela abaqeqeshiwe obuciko, futhi imali engenayo evela umsebenzi wabo, futhi, waya esiza abantulayo.

Ukusekelwa - lomkhuba okwandile

Ekhulwini le-19, yangasese esiza abantulayo ukuba abe ngempela olunzulu: ekuqaleni yayo umsebenzi imitapo, iminyuziyamu, imibukiso, nemipheme, izikole, izibhedlela, ukunakekelwa emakhaya okunakekela izintandane kanye nabantu asebekhulile. abaxhasi isiRashiya, esiza abantulayo okuyinto akazange avumele amagama abo ukuhlala bengaziwa, kuze kube sekugcineni emlandweni wezwe lethu. Tretyakov, Bakhrushin Mammoth, Morozov, Shchukin, Prokhorov Botkins, Naydenova - konke musa uhlu. Maecenas - kungcono izindinganiso zemikhaya okuyinto uye edingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe kwempilo yengqondo. Abathengisi abashisekeli amakhosi wonke baye basebenza ukuze kuzuze abantu bayo. Isibonelo ozala abathengisi laseSiberia Sibiryakov ukwakha isethi hhayi amatiyetha kuphela, kodwa futhi amasonto, ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa izinkondlo isiRashiya, ngokukhethekile, omunye zoyise izincwadi Russian - Gabriel Derzhavin. Kodwa iminikelo main senziwe isayensi - sibonga Sibiryakov waya ukutadisha Northern uMzila Wasolwandle.

lwamakhosi Morozov

Eyokuqala kule abavikela umndeni - kubuye Savva, kodwa wazalwa 1770 serf umninindlu Rumina. Siyabonga kanzima isikhathi eside engamashumi amabili nantathu ubudala, sithenga inkululeko bona nezingane zabo, bese bevula workshop usilika-ukwelukwa. Adume Morozov womshini - velvet, muslin, eliphezulu ukotini - ngaphandle esiza abantulayo bayokhazinyuliswa igama Morozov amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Kodwa waphila ukusekelwa umndeni. Osaziwayo Savva Morozov - umsunguli we-Moscow Art Theatre, i-Stanislavsky nomngani Gorky sika, wemithi wezingoma onekhono, indoda yasakazwa ezithandayo. Imibandela ukusebenza ezimbonini yayo zazingcono kunabanye, ngaphezu, uye eyakhelwe abasebenzi bayo khulula zokulala, izibhedlela, izindlu zokugeza, amapaki kulo mkhosi.

Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi umqondo Sava - ukusatshalaliswa kohlelo inzuzo phakathi kwezisebenzi. Into eyangimangaza kunazo zonke - ke Morozov wanikela ngemali kushicilelwa iphephandaba kwamaBolshevik "Iskra", "New Life", "Umzabalazo", ethwele typographical ngaphandle luhlolo, ngisho wayifaka amaphoyisa yakhe oyimfihlo Abavukeli nombaleki. INdodana Sava - Sergey - wasiza lo Stroganov School, abaculi Polenov futhi Serov, wasungula Museum of Fine Arts ku Volkhonka (Pushkin Museum kubo.). Indodakazi uBarbara eyakhelwe umdlavuza Umtholampilo wokuqala kule Field Virgin sika, Turgenev Igumbi umtapo ukufunda, i almshouse futhi esikoleni Tver. Maecenas - umndeni.