"Tulip" (ACS). Self ezinezinjini 240-mm nosimende 2S4 "Tulip"

Ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi Winter 1939 ke ekugcineni kwaba sobala ukuthi amabutho bayantuleka ecacile izigqulo esindayo ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukubhubhisa izikhundla ezinezivikelo eziqinile lesitha. umsebenzi ukusungulwa yabo Kusukela uvinjelwe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, lapho umkhakha laseSoviet hhayi kuze kube izigqulo esindayo.

Ngemuva kokuwina umsebenzi ukubuyiswa. Ekuqaleni ukubeka M-240 yadalwa. Calibre ke, njengoba leli gama lisikisela, kuba elilingana 240 mm. Kodwa izimfanelo umshini alihlangani ngokugcwele emnyangweni wezempi. Ikakhulukazi, base awanelisekile ngezikhali zempi ababuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona izimangalo ukuze chassis. Yaqala "Tulip" ukuthuthukiswa ukufakwa ngalesi sikhathi. ACS, lokhu kufanele baye banda umthamo, zempi usinde chassis ngamandla.

Qala yentuthuko

Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa waqala 4 Julayi 1967, ngokusho esinqumweni № 609-20. Njengoba ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu entsha wezikhali izibhamu (obanjwa ngaphansi Inkomba 2B8), kwakucishe ingashintshiwe othathwe esindayo self ezinezinjini nosimende M-240. agcinwe ngokuphelele kuqhubeke kanye nezinhlamvu esetshenziswa. Umsebenzi kule ndawo owenziwa izazi Perm. Wayehola iphrojekthi N. Kalachnikov.

Kuyinto ngiyabonga kuye SAU "Tulip", izici zazo okusesihlokweni esithi, sesiye umxhwele kangaka idatha ballistic.

Ekuqaleni, prototypes zathathwa ngesisekelo chassis "into 305", okuyinto, empeleni kwaba cishe ngokuphelele nsé nalezo anti-izindiza "Umbuthano". Ekuqaleni incwadi yabalelwa kanjalo ugcine igobolondo ichashazi 7,62h54 ibanga kwamamitha angu-300. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa chassis Ochwepheshe wahlanganyela kule "Uraltransmash", okwaholela YV Tomaszów. Ngokushesha, siphawula ukuthi kakhulu nosimende ngaphandle ngeke lisetshenziswe isimiso.

ukuhlolwa ifektri

Lapho-ke baqala ukuzwa "Tulip"? ACS Eyokuqala yaya ngokuhlola ngasekupheleni May 1969. Baqeda kuphela ngo-October 20 ngawo lowo nyaka. Ngempumelelo. Kodwa kwakukhona ukuhlolwa wezempi, futhi kuphela ngemva kwabo, ngo-1971, lesi sitshalo sathathwa Army Soviet.

Phakathi neminyaka emibili elandelayo, lesi sitshalo wathola oda ngqo "Tulip" ezine, lapho izindleko eyodwa imoto kwaba ama-ruble ayizigidi 210. By endleleni ekhuluma, omunye umuntu ezinezinjini "Acacia" izindleko ayizinkulungwane 30,5 kuphela. Deda.

izici ehlukile ye ACS entsha

Njengoba sishilo, isiqu kanye nezici ballistic ngihlalé kumanduleli wawo, cishe lingalimali izinguquko kancane abalulekile. Kodwa, ngokungafani M-240, lapho ukubala waphoqeleka ukuba aqhube yonke ukuthengiselana ngesandla, "Tulip" - izibhamu self ezinezinjini, ifakwe uhlelo enamandla wokubacindezela. It yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• amathuluzi Translation kusukela isikhundla lokulwa kuya stowed, noHezekeli.
• Elevation nosimende emgqonyeni.
• Ukuvula isango, kokukhipha stem emgqeni chambering igobolondo.
• ezimayini okuzenzakalelayo phakela of ngomshini ukulwa iphakethe on the ukulayisha induku abagijimi, okuyinto zitholakala phezulu chassis izindlu.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa nge nosimende ukushaja nokuvala yokucina.

Ezinye Izici

Angle komlilo SAU 2S4 "Tulip", ngokungafani kuya nosimende odlule esindayo cishe 63 ". Boeukladki (mechanical) itholakala ngqo chassis izindlu. Ubude packings ezimbili, lapho angazamukela 40 noma ezivamile okusezingeni eliphezulu projectiles alufakwa noma esisheshayo 20, uhlobo asebenzayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ACS ukushaja kungaba kwenziwe ngokuqondile kusuka emhlabathini, futhi usebenzisa crane ekhethekile. Ngokungafani mpo, isiqondiso ovundlile elitsheni ishiywa inhlukano ngokuphelele.

Kits isetshenziselwe ukudala lokhu kufakwa kungase kutholakale kahle udizili B-59. Inamandla ngamandla uhlelo ukuhlakaza esindayo izibhamu self ezinezinjini ukuze 62,8 km / h emgwaqeni omkhulu. Njengoba umhlabathi noma imigwaqo yobhuqu evamile, ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya kuyo imayelana 25-30 km / ihora.

ezimayini

Igobolondo main, okuyinto ngokuvamile isebenzisa self ezinezinjini nosimende 2S4 kuyinto okwami ejwayelekile F-864, okuyinto ukala 130,7 amakhilogramu. Isisindo alufakwa efanele kuyinto 31,9 kg. Njengoba lisetshenziswe lapha GVMZ fuse 7, okuyinto kunjalo ngamunye ngokuqondene wami unesibalo ukufakwa njengoba leso futhi kwabambezeleka detonation.

Kukhona emihlanu ongakhetha ngokushesha ephakamisa necala, ungadlulisela Isivinini okwami kokuqala 158 kuya 362 m / s ukuphi. Ngakho, uhla lapho umlilo kuhluka amamitha 800 kuya 9650.

Ngokushesha icala igniter elise ezimayini shank tube. isampula Okunye powder kukhona ofeleba annular, okuyinto anamekwe yonke tube efanayo ngentambo ekhethekile. Kakade 1967 uhulumeni wenza umyalelo umkhakha ukuthuthukisa futhi ukusungula ezimayini ekhethekile nge namandla 2 kilotonnes, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kwaba emsebenzini ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele ekuthuthukiseni ncamashi igobolondo efanayo, kodwa ukusebenza indiza.

Kuze kube manje, izimoto armored isiRashiya projectile bahlaba umxhwele nakakhulu abehlome ngezibhamu ...

"Isibindi idolobha ithatha"

Kodwa ukufohla yangempela wafika ngo-1983, lapho okwami 1K113 "daredevil" wamukelwa eSoviet Union. Empeleni, kungcono ngisho igobolondo ngomqondo zakudala izwi, futhi ehlukile wezikhali uhlelo. It siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo: ngqo shot ZV84 (2VF4) ifakwe alufakwa projectile ZF5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-laser rangefinder / designator 1D15 noma 1D20.

Yiqiniso ukulungiswa Phiko ngasekhanda kwemayini, futhi ulungise indiza kukhona sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza control evele ukuthi kungaba ngokushesha nangokunembile kakhulu ukushintsha isikhundla projectile zindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintsha inkambo indiza singenziwa nge accelerators ambalwa okuqinile, okuyinto zitholakala kuwo wonke izimayini izindlu ngendlela osabalalayo.

Izinzuzo izinhlobo ezintsha amagobolondo

Ukulungiswa kuthatha akukho kuka 0.1-0.3 imizuzwana. Sona kanye isimo oda "ngesibindi 'ngokudubula ngokuphelele akuhlukile kokujwayelekile labadubuli ezimayini, kodwa opharetha okudingekayo ukuze usethe kuvulwa kwesigaba optical futhi ukusetha isibali isebenze okuhlosiwe seleyiza. Ngokuvamile, ukuqondisi isebenze at ibanga 300-5000 amamitha kusukela "uya khona", ngemva kwalokho into isitha siqala ingakhanyiswa ngumuntu umfutho laser ugongolo. Ezinjalo izimoto armored Russia kubalulekile ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva, lapho ijubane kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa Amazing ubuchwepheshe.

By endleleni ekhuluma, backlight asebenzayo esitshalweni ngesikhathi lapho okwami uzobe sise ibanga 400-800 amamitha kusukela umgomo kuphela. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo akusho ukucindezela isitha kwadingeka isikhathi okufanele sisabele ngayo lapho ukuvela usongo. Uma sikubeka kalula, ngaso sonke isikhathi i-laser akukho imizuzwana ezingaphezu kwezintathu, lapho ematfuba isitha esiphikisayo electronic kuyehla kube zero.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isithombe izimoto armored yalolu hlobo kungaba ikuthinte bamanga 'lokuphelelwa yisikhathi "noma okunje ingabonakali: ukufakwa 70, esetshenziswa esihambisana entsha, imicibisholo ethembisa, kungase ukuncintisana kahle swatches engcono yesimanje.

Ngokuvamile, amathuba lolu hlobo projectile e ububanzi kwesiyingi amamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu kuyinto 80-90%. Afghan mujahideen wafunda lokhu uwedwa, isipiliyoni sabo esidabukisayo. Ngosizo lo "Tulip" futhi "daredevil" lachithwa abaningi ezindaweni zabo ebiyelweyo ezintabeni.

Kungani udinga isibhamu?

Ngokuvamile, "Tulip" - ACS, okuyinto umane esisemqoka lokushaya ebiyelweyo izikhundla lesitha, kanye kwakuliwa izimo wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu. Ngakho, kulesi simo, ngokuvamile kukhona isimo lapho izikhundla isitha siqala ukubhodloza okusezingeni eliphezulu isakhiwo sokuhlala (njengaku Grozny). Buhle "Tulip" wukuthi ukufakwa ebekwa 10-20 amamitha kusuka esakhiweni, ungathumela projectile cishe thwi, ne nokulindela ukuthi yawela ncamashi ngakolunye uhlangothi, flying phezu isikhundla wawakhipha amabutho akhe.

By endleleni ekhuluma, a ukuqhuma emayini obunamandla bokuthi osezingeni abaphikisi ukukhiqiza ngempela kwakuhlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu ngokuphathelene abalandeli okweqile ukunyakaza olukhulu Islamic: eziningi bakholelwe ukuthi, ngalahlekelwa umzimba, ezulwini, ngeke uthole. izikhathi Ngakho, e-Afghanistan efanayo, sekube lapho namaqembu amakhulu izikhundla isitha kwesokunxele, kuphela ukuze ufunde mayelana nekusasa amabhomu, "Tulip".

I-Mysteries of umlando

Ngo imithombo eminingi kunobufakazi bokuthi lezi izigqulo ayengasetshenziswa phakathi nemikhankaso ezimbili Chechen. Ngamanye izincwadi, kunobufakazi bokuthi ngesikhathi Storming ka "imizuzu" wayesalokhu volley ka "Tulip". Noma kunjalo, Dudayev akuzenzisi wakwazi ukuletha phansi isiphepho ukugxeka ebuthweni Russian, isola ke ka "ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi." "Democratic" yicindezele ngokujabula asekelwe. Kuze kube manje ayaziwa ukuthi isiqephu wayesebenzisa "Tulip" empeleni.

Inkungu yokungaqiniseki imbozwe nezimoto armored Ukraine: ayikaziwa (futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba wake ibe eyomphakathi), mingaki yale mishini kufanele ku arsenal wezwe.

Ngokusho idatha zomlando, kusukela ngomhla ka-1989, elase-USSR kwaba amayunithi hhayi ngaphansi kuka-400 izigqulo esindayo. Yingakho singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi izimoto armored Ukraine futhi ifaka self ezinezinjini, njengengxenye nosimende esekelwe imingcele esentshonalanga.

Isimo samanje

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, awekho amandla emhlabeni izikhali ezinjalo izikhali bengalamukeli. Empeleni, kuze kube manje e-NATO amazwe akudingeki izigqulo osezingeni okwakuyoholela idlule amamilimitha angu-120.

Njengoba-Russia, ezweni lethu emva "Tulip" umsebenzi izigqulo esindayo sasisibi, ukuze ukwanelisa zezinhlobo ekhona wezempi ngokuphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, SAU "Tulip", okuyinto has a isithombe esihlokweni, eyingqayizivele emhlabeni futhi abuzange kuze kube yilolu suku.