Ubushiqela - lingamandla eyodwa

Ngolimi lwanamuhla, welithi "kobushiqela" inenani esibi kakhulu ezihlobene ne-nangobudlova umbusi ophakeme, belimaza amalungelo nenkululeko izakhamuzi. Ngo XlX e. Nokho, esikhathini eside elisetshenziswa social sciences, esikhundleni salo kube nokuthile wobushiqela. Uma lo mbono inkinga dlova - kwandulela amafomu ahlukahlukene wobushiqela kahulumeni, okuyinto abacebile XX leminyaka.

Umlando umsuka wenkulumo ethi

Namuhla, kucatshangwa ukuthi kobushiqela - lokhu ingenye amafomu embi kakhulu kahulumeni. Nokho, kwakungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi. EGrisi lasendulo, lapho kwakukhona khona futhi eside, kanye nefomu dlova uhulumeni, wadlala indima ethile omuhle, futhi.

Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i kobushiqela amadala kwaba eyenziwe ukushayisana ka imigomo engqubuzanayo lawela izikhulu kanye netingcweti temsebenti. Ngemva ngxabano wafika amandla ubuntu passionary, claim izithakazelo zabantu. Kusolwa ukuthi abantu kuphela banamandla egcwele, bayakwazi ukuvikela uhlelo nascent we Polis, okuyinto kamuva eyaba nentando yeningi.

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama elithi uvele ngaphambi Anatolia amadolobha aseGrisi futhi Okokuqala ngaphawula eyalotshwa imbongi Archilochus, owayekholelwa ukuthi indawo kobushiqela - ifomu praleniya lapho amandla umgabadeli unonya.

Umehluko phakathi isiGreki anamuhla

Ukuze yesimanje indoda kobushiqela -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ibhodi, ephelezelwa isihluku abajeziswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umbusi umbuzo semthethweni akuhloselwe njengoba engumashiqela ngomqondo wesimanje kungaba ngokomthetho nguMengameli kombuso wentando yabantu.

Ukuze amaGreki, zikamashiqela kwaba ngaphezu kwakho konke, umbusi emthethweni, a umgabadeli ebanjwe ngamandla. Futhi kulokhu, kwakungekhona juqu, wazama ke ukuzuzisa abantu noma ngokumelene izakhamuzi zayo. Wayehlale engumashiqela. Lokhu isici kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba athi ifomu yesiGreki uhulumeni ukuba kamuva kakhulu Roman Caesarism. (тюраннис) переводится как "произвол". Self igama lesiGreki τυραννίς (tyurannis) ihumusha ngokuthi "kwakwenzelela". Ngakho, kobushiqela - uwuhlobo oluthile lukahulumeni, ngokuvumelana amaGreki, hhayi ngokuphelele ezinengqondo, asifanele imiphakathi yasemadolobheni ngesiGreki.

ukusatshalaliswa Special etholwe kobushiqela amakoloni ka Magna yaseJavini, lapho imithombo yemvelo kanye sezulu evumayo wadala izimo nokunonophala okusheshayo abahilelekile kwezohwebo zasolwandle kanye nokuphathwa yengcebo ngokuhlanganyela. Umcebo avunyelwe ukuze lizuze abantu izakhamuzi ahlomile futhi agagamele ngaleyo ndlela amandla ophakeme kuleli dolobha.

ifomu okunjalo uhulumeni ikakhulukazi yaqhakaza Sicily. eyaziwa kahle indaba idolobha ocebile Akragas (manje Agrigento), okuyinto pretty ngokushesha ngemva kokubekwa kwesisekelo yabusa imithetho kanye neminyaka elishumi linamithandathu engukumkani ka Falaris ngesihluku. ezincwadini zesiGreki ugcwele izindaba mayelana nesihluku yakhe okuqinile: wayevame ahlushwe futhi abulawe izakhamuzi unganelisekile kokubusa kwakhe, okuthosiwe in a zethusi webhodwe. Nokho, ethangini efanayo futhi wagcina ukuphila kwakhe, mhla ebhubhisa Telemachus, owayehola ugobe umgabadeli.

Ngemva kobushiqela: abantu kuthatha amandla

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kobushiqela - uhlobo esiteji ekuthuthukiseni kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, okwathi nakuba nesihluku yayo, yathinteka kakhulu amaGreki kahle. Ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka amaningana umthetho ezingomashiqela nezimpi ezingapheli mezhusobnyh namademo ngesiGreki namanje wathatha izinqubomgomo ukulawula ezandleni zabo, okuyinto ngempela nethonya elihle ukuthuthukiswa amasiko umnotho.