Ucwaningo lwe-orthopy? Ziyini izingxenye ze-orthoepia?

Umqondo we-orthoepia uyaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu ovela ebhentshini yesikole. Iyini le ngxenye yesayensi? Ucwaningo lwe-orthopy? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye zizonikwa ngezansi.

Umqondo we-orthoepy

Igama elithi "orthoepia" linezimpande zesiGreki futhi lisho ukuthi "ikhono lokukhuluma ngokufanele." Nokho, akubona wonke umuntu oqaphela ukuthi leli gama linencazelo ephindwe kabili. Okokuqala - njengeqoqo lezimiso zolimi, okwesibili - okuhlotshaniswa nesinye sezigaba zezilimi, okuhlose ukutadisha imithetho yokukhuluma ngomlomo.

Ububanzi obugcwele bomqondo we "orthoepy" awusungulwa kuze kube manje. Izilimi eziningi zichaza umqondo owethulwe kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukudideka kungavela emibuthaneni yobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile, leli gama lingavunyelwa izinkomba nezincazelo zenkulumo yomlomo, amafomu wegrama kanye nemithetho. Izindlela ze-orthoepia zakha, okokuqala, ukufaneleka kokubiza kwamagama athile kanye nesitatimende sokucindezeleka ngamazwi.

Izigaba ze-orthoepy

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphawula ukuthi i-orthoepy ihlukaniswa ngama-phonetics - enye yeminyango yezilimi ezihlose ukutadisha ukwakhiwa komsindo kolimi. Kulesi simo, i-orthoepia ihlanganisa cishe yonke isimiso sefontiki solimi.

Isihloko se-orthoepia yizimiso zokubiza amagama namazwi. Futhi yimuphi "umkhuba"? Bonke ochwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe emkhakheni wezilimi bavuma ukuthi ukuhluka okuwukuphela okulungile kubizwa ngokuthi umkhuba wolimi, okuhambisana ngokuphelele nemithetho eyisisekelo ohlelweni lokubiza amagama aseRashiya.

Singahlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo ze-orthoepy njengezesayensi:

• Ukubizwa kwamagama okubolekwe kwezinye izilimi;
• Izici zezitayela zokubiza;
• Izici zokubiza ezinye izinhlobo zolimi;
• Ukubizwa kwamakholomu noma ama-consonants ngokuhambisana nemithetho.

Inhlanganisela efanelekayo kuzo zonke izigaba ezinikezwayo ivele idale umqondo we-orthoepy.

Ama-Orthopaenic

Izindlela ze-Orthopic, noma, njengoba zibizwa, izinkomba zokukhuluma, zakha lonke ulimi lwangokufunda lwanamuhla futhi zidingekile kuphela ukugcinwa kokubhala nokubhala, isiRussia yesi-classic. Umuntu ofundele futhi oqeqeshwe ngamasiko uhlale esebenzisa izinqubo zemibhalo enkulumweni yakhe. Ngenxa yemithetho ethile yokumemezela imisindo ethile, ukuxhumana kwekhwalithi phakathi kwabantu kuyasungulwa.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kanye nemigomo ye-orthoepic kunezinhlelo zolimi kanye nemigomo ye-orthographic. Uma abantu bengasho amazwi ahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene, sonke singakwazi ukuqonda noma siphumelele ulwazi olubalulekile. Ukuze uhlaziye inkulumo ye-interlocutor, ukuqonda imilayezo yomlomo, umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwemigomo ye-orthoepic.

Yiqiniso, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abantu basuka emithethweni emisiwe yokubiza amagama. Ukufunda kuphela abantu abanemfundo enhle kakhulu zama ukungahambi emigomeni ye-orthoepic.

Imigomo, izinhloso kanye nencazelo ye-orthoepy

Ucwaningo lwe-orthopy? Impendulo isivele inikezwe ngenhla - ukubiza ngokufanele imisindo kanye nesitatimende esifanele sokucindezeleka. Empeleni, lokhu kungase kubhekiswe enjongweni eyinhloko yalesi sigaba sezilimi. Ngokuvamile sizwa ukubiza amagama okungalungile. Isibonelo, esikhundleni segama elithi "umzila" abaningi bathi "colidor", esikhundleni se-"stool" - "tubaret", njll. Emisebenzini yesayensi ye-orthopic, ifunda nje ukubiza amagama okudala, okubhala nokubhala.

Ukubiza okungalungile kwamazwi kwenziwa kakhulu ngabantu asebekhulile noma ngabantu bakuleli. Kubonakala sengathi, yini lapha okungaba khona inkinga? Ngeshwa, isizukulwane esincane esiphila emindenini enjalo, ngokuvamile sisebenzisa indlela yokubiza amagama okungalungile. Kodwa inkulumo engalungile, ephikisiwe yayingakaze ibonakale. Lapha kuyadingeka ukutadisha ezikoleni. Abafundi bathola ulwazi lolimi lwezincwadi, ngaphandle kwazo okungekho ndawo abangayenza khona: ezombusazwe, ebhizinisini noma kunoma yimuphi omunye umyalelo wezabasebenzi.

Ngakho-ke, inani le-orthoepia lihle kakhulu: lesi sigaba sesayensi silungisa ulimi futhi sisiza ukuthuthukisa ulimi lokufunda nokubhala, lwesiRussia.

Izitayela ze-Orthopytic

Ngemva kokubhekana nombuzo wokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukutadisha i-orphoepy, kufanelekile ukuqhubekela phambili ezinkingeni ezingabalulekile. Baye bakhathazeke nge-stylization yesigaba sezilimi ezicatshangelwayo.

Kuthiwani ngezintambo ezibizwa ngokuthi izinkulumo? I-Orthoepy isayensi enkulu kakhulu, ijwayele ukushintsha izinto zangempela. Ukuvela kwama-neologisms, kuthatha kalula ukuthi kungokoqobo, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube khona uhlaka olunzima noma imfundiso. Yingakho ochwepheshe abaningi bezama ukuqondiswa ngezigaba ezikhethekile, ngokusho ukuthi izinqubo ze-orthoepic zihlukaniswe kanjani ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Inkulumo yokuxoxa. Uma isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho edingekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuvunyelwe, futhi kulungile ngokugcwele;
• Inkulumo yesayensi. Lulwimi oluqinile kakhulu, oluvimbela ukusebenzisa izinkulumo eziningi. Iqinisekisiwe, futhi isici sayo esiyinhloko ukucaciswa kokubiza amagama.

Ochwepheshe abaningi emkhakheni wezilimi bahlukanisa amanye amaqembu ezitayela.

Imithetho ye-Orthopyric

Kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngeminye yemithetho, ngaphandle kwalokhu ingxenye yesayensi ye-orthoepic engeke ibe khona. Ukuze uphendule imibuzo mayelana nalokho okutadisha umlomo, yiziphi izingxenye zolimi oluhlobene nazo, kubalulekile nje ukulalela imithetho ethile ekhethekile.

Yonke imigomo ye-orthoepic yamathekisthi ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Imithetho yokubiza amagama noma imisindo yezwi ("com [n]", "[t'e] rmin", njll);
• Umthetho wokucindezeleka ("ukukhala", "obyazat", njll).

Ucwaningo lwe-orthopy, yiziphi izici zalo? Kunoma yisiphi isici se-orthoepic lezi zici ezilandelayo ziyisici:

• Ukuhlukahluka;
• Ukusimama;
• I-Universality;
• Ukuvumelana nemikhuba yezilimi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi imithetho yokubiza amagama iyasungulwa phakathi neminyaka eminingi yokusebenza. Kumele ahambisane namasiko olimi lwesiRashiya lwesilasi. Izinqubo ze-orthoepy aziqalwa ngabalimi. Laba ososayensi, kunalokho balawule.

Ukubiza amagama okuqhamuka

Lapho esebenzisana neqiniso lokuthi ufunda ukuthobeka, futhi lokho okudingwa yizesayensi ngokujwayelekile, kuyafaneleka, ekugcineni, unake okuthile okukhonjisiwe. Yini esingayisho mayelana nokubiza amagama ahlolisayo engxenyeni yama-orthoepic yezilimi? Isibonelo, nansi imithetho embalwa eyisisekelo:

• Ngolimi lwesiRashiya, ukuthambekela kuye kwaqaphela ukuguqulwa kwemisindo [chn] ne [shn] isikhathi eside: Yebo, kuyisicefe, ngenhloso, njll;
• Ukubiza okuqinile [ж] esikhundleni se- [зж] - ngiya, ngikhala, ngishaye, njll;
• Umsindo [w] uvame ukusetshenziswe ngamanye amazwi ngenhlanganisela [ye-al]: ukuthi,

Yile mithetho ebonisa kahle impendulo yombuzo wokuthi kungani i-orthoepy iyadingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigomo eminingi igcizelela ezinye imithetho yokwakhiwa kwama-consonants. Futhi kuthiwani ngemisindo yezwi?

Ukubhaliwe kwamakholi

Yonke imikhuba ye-orthoepy yakhiwe, okokuqala, ngesisekelo sezikhathi zocingo. Ngokuqondene nemisindo yevolumu, isibonelo, imithetho yokubiza amagama [o] noma [e] emva kokuqhamuka okuncane (lokhu kubhekisela ekulimeni okungenabulungisa kwencwadi E: ice, ukuqondisa, ukunakekelwa, ukuhlala phansi, njll), kanye nokuthi Ubunzima ngokukhetha umsindo we-vowel emva kokuxoshwa okuqinile.

Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wokuthi kungani kudingekile ukutadisha i-orphoepy, ngokushesha ulahleka ngemuva kokubonisa imithetho eyisisekelo nezibonelo zokubiza amagama athile.