Ukubaluleka wezizwe isiRashiya. Inani yolimi lwanamuhla Russian

"Futhi sizobe zikuvikele, isiRashiya, izwi elikhulu Russian ..." - la mazwi embongi Anny Ahmatovoy, akaphelelwa ukuhlobana amashumi eminyaka. Ukuchuma esikweni lesizwe kuyinto encike ngqo kwi isimo sengqondo sabantu abaningi maqondana nomlando wayo. isiRashiya ifikile ibanga elide yentuthuko. Namuhla, usacabanga ukuthi ukubaluleka wezizwe isiRashiya, nje sibheke izibalo. Angaphezu kuka-250 kwesigidi ukhuluma ke kusukela emhlabeni wonke - bangamaphesenti angaphezu kuka umxhwele.

imingcele yesikhashana umqondo "yolimi lwanamuhla Russian"

Ukukhuluma samanje into, kufanele sizindle uma lokhu yesimanjemanje iqala. Philologists waveza amaphuzu amathathu ekubukeni welithi "yolimi lwanamuhla Russian." Ngakho, ke iqala:

1. Kusukela ezinsukwini A. S. Pushkina. Imbongi omkhulu Russian, abacwaningi bakholelwa, kulethe version Russian of isiRashiya tetemibhalo, lapho bonke ukujabulela namuhla, naphezu e nesilulumagama Alexander historicism futhi archaisms.
2. Ngemva kokunqoba we Okthoba Revolution. Kuze 1917, zamagama izici of incwadi ngolimi Russian sihluke kakhulu okwamanje. Isibonelo esimangalisayo kulesi - incwadi "er" ( "b") ekupheleni amanye amagama, manje okuthiwa uphawu kanzima.
3. Ngemva kokuwa USSR. Kule minyaka emibili emashumini isiRashiya zaqala ukushintsha, ngenxa intuthuko ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe. Futhi kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga oxhumana international - nesilulumagama kwelinye izwe asetshenziswa omunye. Inani yolimi lwanamuhla Russian mkhulu umphakathi wezwe lonke, ngakho zezilimi abasebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa ke.

Distribution emhlabeni

isiRashiya kwaba bomdabu kubantu abaningi abahlala ensimini ka-Russia, CIS amazwe aphesheya, futhi wathatha kulesi sici lesishiyagalombili. ukukhuluma Ngokwezinombolo, wangena phezulu emihlanu ezivamile: Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-260 elikule mali ukucabanga ngokukhululekile futhi baveze imizwa yabo. Kuyinto yesibili kuphela isiNgisi (1.5 billion), IsiShayina (1.4 billion), Isi-Hindi (ayizigidi ezingu-600), isi-Spanish (500 million) kanye Arabhu (350,000,000). Visual Ibalazwe ikhombisa ukubaluleka wezizwe isiRashiya njengoba kukhulunywa emazweni athile aseMpumalanga Yurophu, emazweni aseBaltic kanye eCaucasus, eFinland, eJalimane, yeChina, eMongolia United States nase-Australia. ERussia, ingumnikazi 99,5% abantu sebebonke. Lena sibalo kunalokho esiphoqayo kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifundazwe.

isiRashiya ezindaweni

Isizathu ukuze kwakhiwe ezilimi eziyimixhantela futhi sociolect ngokuvamile iba indawo enkulu ukusatshalaliswa lwesigodi ethile. Ngakho, ngokusekelwe isipiliyoni Russian lezi zilimi hybrid futhi esuselwe: surzhik (Ukraine), trasianka (Belarus), Russenorsk (Kola Peninsula) kanye nabanye abaningi. Zezigodi ayisibonelo ezindaweni ezincane. Ezindaweni ezahlukene silulumagama ingahluka kakhulu.

Phesheya (eJalimane, e-USA, Israyeli), kwakhiwa wonke omakhelwane abakhuluma isiRashiya, ezinye zazo zikhona ngempela angawodwa kulo lonke. Lokhu kwenzeka uma isibalo abasuka Russia kwanele ukwakha uhlobo umphakathi. Ngenxa yentshisekelo elikhulayo izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe ukuba isiko emazweni CIS. Inani isiRashiya empilweni yama-Jalimane, amaMelika, i-British zanda kakhulu.

usuku Memorial

UNESCO esintwini oye wakwazi ukulondoloza ifa ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki kwezizwe eziningi. Ngakho, minyaka yonke lugujwa ngoFebhuwari 21 International Day Umama uLimi Kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. Ngokuthi izenzakalo ezinjalo evumela ukuba sizindle ukubaluleka kwengcebo yawo labantu bakubo futhi sinesisindo ephasini mazombe.

Ukuze abaseRussia, usuku lokuzalwa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina eba neminyaka eduze kuka 5 edlule, lapho Juni 6 ezamenyezelwa Suku isiRashiya. Lokhu kungenxa banikela ngendlela ebalulekile yembhali ukuthuthukiswa isiko. Ukubaluleka wezizwe isiRashiya saziwa emazweni amaningi anobuhlobo, ngakho lolu suku lugujwa ezikoleni kanye emayunivesithi lamazwe CIS. Lesi sakhiwo-UN General Assembly ukugubha kuhambisana izinkulumo ulwazi, ama-movie, imincintiswano ye abafundi.

isiRashiya e nokubambisana kukazwelonke

Okwamanje, kuba yinkinga ukuthola izindlela ezivamile zokuxhumana emazweni 250. Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi ngodumo kungokwalabo nakumasiko isimo futhi lukhetha ukukhuluma ngolimi lwabo kuphela. Lesi silwane esiyinkimbinkimbi sekuqediwe ngemvume okubizwa ngokuthi izilimi zezwe, ezihlanganisa umphakathi Russian futhi izwe. Namuhla, kuyinto wokuxhumana kumabonakude, izindiza, ukuhweba. Yiqiniso, ukubaluleka okukhulu isiRashiya ngenxa yokuthi kukhona izigidi zabantu abakhuluma evela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni. Wonke umuntu ohlakaniphile siyogunyazwa ukucaphuna imicabango omkhulu Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova, Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo nabanye abalobi Russian isihambile.

Ukubaluleka wezizwe isiRashiya e izibalo

Ezweni kukhona mayelana 2,000 izizwe, ngamunye okuyinto ivame ukuba kusetshenziswe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ulimi lwendabuko. Kubantu abaningi, isiRashiya isibe wesibili obaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union abantu Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine futhi Belarus baye akayikhohliwe isiRashiya njengoba olusemthethweni, ngakho-ke eyenziwa izinkulumo eziningi zethelevishini nezomsakazo. Emasimini lwebudlelwane nemave emhlaba, isetshenziswa ososayensi, osomaqhinga kanye nabezombusazwe.

isiRashiya belingana English, French, isi-Chinese, isi-Arabic neSpanishi phakathi eziyisithupha izilimi UN olusemthethweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi osopolitiki ezivela eRussia nethuba izifuba, betshelana ngezinto zabo at izingqungquthela international. Ukubaluleka lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo isiRashiya emhlabeni kungenxa yokuthi isibalo sabantu ngubani umnikazi wazo, yena zibalwa yesihlanu.

Leksikhografu Russian

Noma yiliphi igama lwesigodi ezilotshwe isichazamazwi ukuthi yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa yabo by bamazwe angaphandle. Inani isiRashiya emhlabeni omkhulu kangangokuthi abantu kuwo wonke amazwe ayafisa impela ukwazi yonke butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yayo, baqaphela ukubaluleka amazwi nezinkulumo ezintsha kusukela izichazamazwi, okuyinto zingahlukaniswa zibe kwezilimi encyclopedic. Into ebaluleke kakhulu izichazamazwi, olokuqala yiziphi aphuma kwekhulu le-18 e-oda imiqulu eyisithupha. Yiqiniso, ngonyaka izincwadi ezifanayo ishintsha njalo ngonyaka. eyigugu kakhulu iyona Dictionary Ulimi isiRashiya, inguqulo yokuqala eyakhishwa ngo-1863, futhi uhlelo lowezi esikoleni omningi wadedelwa ngo-2013. Ukucabanga ngalokho okushiwo isiRashiya, kufanele sinake imisebenzi ososayensi, izazi zolimi, ngenxa anolimi liyathuthuka futhi luchuma. Multi-ivolumu izichazamazwi asivumela ukufunda zonke izici amafonethiki futhi orthoepy njengezakhamuzi yomdabu Russian nabezizwe.