Ukubusa sababusi. Ababusi zomhlaba. UMbusi umthetho. UMbusi - lokhu ...

amandla Imperial inomlando sasivumela eside. It wayedabuka eRoma lasendulo kusukela esikhathini Awugustu. ababusi Umhlaba kwadingeka unamandla angenamkhawulo, futhi la mandla esikhathini esithile sanikela ekwandeni okungakaze kubonwe isimo kanye nokubuswa nasekuhlaseleni kombusi walo, futhi kwezinye izimo kwaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu kwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Noma ngabe yikuphi, i-emperor nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni komlando wesintu.

Okwakushiwo "uMbusi"

Lo mbuso wokuqala emhlabeni kwakunguMbusi waseRoma, futhi ekuqaleni kwakungeyona ezinjalo. Eminyakeni kohlelo republic ngezwi "umbusi" libhekisela kuzo zonke GABA, endowed nezikhulu zomphakathi, ezempi noma namajaji. Lezi zilimi zazihlanganisa bamabutho, abameleli, izimantshi ezingamaphoyisa, njll kwesikhathi lesi sihloko yasetshenziselwa maqondana oyedwa -. Umbusi isimo - futhi kwakusho angenamkhawulo, amandla esibanzi yena. Ngempela, i-emperor - ungumbusi yedwa, nezwi lakhe alikho emthethweni, konke okhonzile kuye futhi konke kuncike kuye. Ayikho sesinqumo esibaluleke esithathwayo uMbuso ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe siqu noma umyalo.

amandla ezempi

amalungelo zombusi ayefana angenamkhawulo. Amandla bagxila ezandleni umbusi, evamile izigaba ezintathu ezibanzi: zomphakathi, ezempi kanye zokwahlulela. Kafushane xoxa into ngayinye eceleni.

Umbusi kwadingeka aphakeme igunya lempi. Lokho nguye umkhuzi ophakeme, futhi-ke walanda bonke amasosha isifungo noma umuntu noma isithombe sakhe.

bamaRoma asakaza wonke izikhundla umyalo ebuthweni kwalo yedwa. Inombolo kanye ukwakheka ambalwa webutho lezempi futhi ancike ukuzimisela umuntu ebekiwe umqhele. Umbusi wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza zimemezele impi futhi enze ukuthula.

uhulumeni civil

Umbusi wokuqala Oktavian Avgust nokulandela ayenakho ilungelo elehlukile ukuthi uqoqe izintela, kanye nokuqokwa yobukhulu bayo kwalo yedwa. Lihlanganisa lenqwaba izintela, okubizwa ngokuthi izipho ethulwa cishe zonke izakhamuzi zalo mbuso, futhi ikakhulukazi kulabo abanamandla okungenani ezinye ezandleni zakhe.

Eqinisweni, i-emperor - ungumnikazi ngokuphelele nakho konke okwakungokwakhe ensimini ka State. Ngakho, wayengathi lithathe impahla noma yimuphi umuntu ukuba "izidingo ayinhloko oMbuso." Yena ngokwakhe esasichitha yisiphi isamba yengcebo ezimathonsi.

Kwengxenye yezifundazwe umbuso ngezikhali kwaba bazithobe ephelele kumbusi, engxenyeni yesibili yayibuswa iSigele, kodwa eqinisweni kwathi ukuze izifundazwe kanye isiGele wayeyingcweti ephelele inkosi, izifunda ngazinye yonkana ubuso babo.

Umbusi kwadingeka ithalenta ilungelo umuntu lobuzwe baseRoma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wenza roll ngomshini kumhloli wezincwadi ophakeme sesimilo nokuphila kwangasese zamaRoma. E. Wayekwazi bahlasele ubumfihlo yisiphi isakhamuzi, futhi wonke umuntu bajabulela isikhundla emphakathini, okuye kwenza kuye umbusi.

igunya yenkolo

UMbusi waseRoma - Upapa ophakeme. Inani elikhulu of izinkolelo yahlakazeka nsimu enkulu zombuso, kwaba yibhece umbusi, kufaka phakathi iRoma ngokwayo. Njengoba yaziwa, ke wadalwa eyisidalwa umbuso wamaqaba, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inkolo monotheistic - ubuKristu - kwathiwa isimo. UMbusi ilahlwe zonke izenzo zenkolo, ngaphezu kwalokhu, yena wanikezwa ilungelo elehlukile lokugada phezu ikilasi elikhulu abapristi.

namajaji

Umbusi wayengumahluleli ophakeme kunabo bonke umbuso omkhulu. Inkantolo ke linegunya, uma singakubeka kanjalo. Ukuzindla ngezinqumo ezenziwa umbusi, ayengeke akwazi ukulandela isikhalazo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena waba wanika amandla okushaya imithetho, nakuba leli lungelo is owawusekelwe ukuphila kuphela okukhona emva imvume iSigele. Nokho, i-emperor ingakhipha izimemezelo noma izimiso kokuba amandla umthetho wonke umphakathi.

Esikhathini izifundazwe, umbusi lidlule igunya lakhe kwababusi zokwahlulela - inxusa, owenza ngendlela egameni layo futhi ngokukhethekile ngayo isithakazelo sabo.

Isihloko kuka-Awugustu, uMbusi noma abantu bakaNkulunkulu abakhethiwe

Endaweni ehlukile, kumelwe yisho sababusi okhethwe uNkulunkulu. Ngokusemthethweni, lesi sihloko wanikezwa u-Octavian kuphela, kodwa Agasti nabizelwa nabo bonke ababusi okwalandela ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Lisho ukuthini leli isihloko?

Agasti - lokhu akulona nje umuntu igunya, isidalwa engcwele. UMbusi - Inyoni le isithunywa esivela kuNkulunkulu, imibono, bekubonakala lwembula nguNkulunkulu ukulawula izifundo. isihloko umbusi kwakusho amandla umbusi, isihloko Agasti kwakusho ubungcwele bakhe. Ngakho, umbusi babenegunya futhi saphezulu. Izifundo kwadingeka ukuba aphathe umbusi njengonkulunkulu unkulunkulu, yingakho kwakuwukuthi izimemezelo yasebukhosini kanye nezinye izenzo babe ngokuphelele, uma siyiqaphele yokuthi ukholo olujulile cishe kuso sonke isibalo sabantu ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso.

Umlando omfishane

Kwakuthiwa ngenhla ukuthi kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla umsuka kwababekhona ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, waba umbusi wokuqala u-Octavian wathola isihloko Awugustu. Ngonyaka 395 BC. e. UMbuso WaseRoma lahlukaniswa laba eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, eWest wawa ngo-476. Nokho, Eastern uMbuso WaseRoma eyathatha cishe 1,000 iminyaka, futhi lokho kwaba ngundlalifa umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla. Lokho kuyingxenye eMpumalanga, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi WaseByzantium, esibuswa sababusi.

Ukubusa bababusi eNtshonalanga, lavuselelwa ngo-800, lapho lesi sihloko kwaba Karl Veliky, futhi kamuva u-Otto mina (e 962). Kamuva isihloko koMbusi kubeka ku ababusi kwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise France ne Napoleon abadumile,-Austria-Hungary, Germany, Brazil, Mexico nabanye. The Queen Victoria ngo-1876 kwathiwa Empress yeNdiya.

Mangisho ukuthi kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla owawukhona hhayi kuphela e isiko European, kodwa futhi e-Asia nase-Afrika. Esikhathini izincwadi umuntu ongafunda ukuthi ababusi China, Siam, Ethiopia, Turkey, Japan kanye Morocco okukhulunywe hhayi kuphela njengoba sababusi.

AmaKhosi eRussia

Inkosi Ngelimi Russian livela esiGrekini, isb. E. Kusukela uMbuso WaseByzantium, ngenkathi sigcina ukubaluleka kwayo. version yayo yasekuqaleni - "uKhesari", "Cesar" - kancane kancane esikhundleni wuhlelo ajwayelekile kithi, igama elithi "inkosi".

Umbusi wokuqala yagcotshwa Tsar eRussia, kwakunguJohane IV, okuyinto mlando European abaye balibiza ngokuthi Esinzima lesi zonya akunabuntu. Waba yinkosi ngo-1547, futhi isimo yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi umbuso Russian futhi yayikhona ngaphansi lelo gama kuze 1721.

Romanov, wanyukela sobukhosi 1613, nazo amakhosi, kodwa hhayi wonke, futhi kuphela uMichael, Alex, uTheodore, uJohane V, uPetru mina ukuba 1721 Sophia futhi.

tsars Russian nababusi ayenikezwe angenamkhawulo, amandla aphelele, Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sabo ibizwa ngokuthi inkathi absolutism.

Ukuze isihloko tsars Russian lase futhi kuvikelwe kunencazelo engcwele, bona, kakhulu, ama-kaNkulunkulu agcotshiwe futhi baba zenza sengathi igama likaNkulunkulu. Yingakho amakhosi, ababusi kanye kamuva atehlukaniseki okholweni Orthodox, hhayi ithuba amaSoviet, okuyinto wagumbuqela amandla bababusi, impi yenkolelo - ayazi ingozi harbored inkolo, futhi baqonde ukuthi yini indima e umbusi wakhe ofanele Russia.

ababusi Russian

I last Tsar Russian futhi umbusi wokuqala nguPetru I. wawuphezu kwakhe e 1721, wabelwa isihloko Emperor of isimo Russian. amandla akhe ayebekelwe angenamkhawulo futhi esidluliselwa kubo bonke izindawo amandla umphakathi. He is umkhuzi ophakeme, futhi wanikwa inkululeko aphakeme empini, zomthetho neyokuphatha amagatsha.

Ukubusa kubabusi kuya sobukhosi wayemelele Romanov lwamakhosi, elalisendlini amandla iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300 - kusukela 1613 kuya 1917. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isimo uye baphumelele yokuthi seyibe umholi ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho. I-Russian Empire kwaba ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu kuphela ngaleso sikhathi. Kukhona imibono, izazi-mlando sina basihlonipha leso Russia wabhubhisa sokuthuthuka, okusongela abaholi nezinye States, ikakhulukazi izwe laseBrithani nelase-United States. Emperors Russian ngempela babengumuntu alwa yezwe labo nabantu babo, benza konke ababengakwenza ukuqiniseka ukuthi lo isimo bachuma, futhi kwandise izinga zezikhonzi ophilayo. I last Russian uMbusi de empeleni waba uNicholas II, ngubani de jure - Mihail Aleksandrovich, umfowabo.

Inkathi wokubusa imperial ayikapheli namanje. Okwamanje, kuphela uMbusi Akihito emhlabeni kuyinto - umbusi Japan. Wayelethwa Uthwesé 12 Novemba 1990 kuze kube namuhla eneminyaka engu-82 ubudala umbusi 125th wenza imisebenzi yawo ngokupheleleko.