Battle of the Kalka, izimbangela, imiphumela imiphumela

Eselinqobile lonke eMpumalanga Ephakathi China, uGenghis Khan wathumela tumens bakhe abathathu, iphansi kwesandla sika-Subedeya futhi Jochi Khan, ayohlola indawo elele ngale eCaucasus. Tatar-Mongolian yezempi babhekana lapho amabutho Polovtsian, ngubani anqotshwa kubo. Izinsalela Polovtsian zinhlanga yonkana Dnieper, okuyinto ukuvusela izikhulu Russian.

Entwasahlobo ka omkhulu iseluleko izikhulu kwathiwa ababebuthene 1223, lapho kwanqunywa ukunikeza usizo lwebutho Polovtsian Khan Kotyanom. Izikhulu akude, izindawo enyakatho yeRussia baya silondoloze Polovtsian wenqaba. I iziqubu kwanqunywa ukuba aphe abantu ezweni Polovtsian. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi isinqumo esinjalo futhi kwaqala impi Kalka. amabutho United Russian eholwa Mstislav Kievsky, Mstislav le Bold and Mstislav Chernigovsky. Nge eziqhelelene eziphambili-Mongolian izimpi lokuqala lwaqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuwela Dnieper. AmaMongol akazange azihlanganise lokulwa zinhlanga izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili. Lapho indlela yempi Russian ivimbele emfuleni Kalka encane, umkhandlu impi elalihlelwe ngesikhathi lapho abaholi ukungavumelani. Mstislav Kievsky babephikisana ngokuthi ukuzivikela isidingo, futhi Mstislav le Bold ngangifuna ukulwela.

Battle of the Kalka waqala 31 Meyi, 1223. Prince Mstislav le Bold, sihlola izindawo okwakubulawelwa kuzo ekamu-Mongolian, wanquma ukuthi wedwa sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nesitha. Ekuqaleni, igagasi lempi kwakuwukuguqula ngase Russian, kodwa amaMongol aqeda ezinkulu hhayi isikhungo, lapho kwakukhona khona isikhulu Galician nge retinue yakhe, futhi lundiza kwesokunxele Polovtsian. Nomads, akakwazanga ukumelana ukumelana esinamandla, waqala ashona esingahlelekile. Running abakhwele amahhashi Polovtsian udidekile ezinhlwini zamaqhawe isiRashiya, isilungele isinyathelo, okuyinto ngokushesha waqala ukuba uwuvimbezele amaMongol. Isimo ayesengayigcina ugcine Prince Kiev, kodwa eliqhutshwa yokucasukela ngesikhathi isikhulu Galician wayengezwanga washaya flank we AmaTatar. amabutho Russian banyenti labamelene natsi-Mongolian, kodwa kwehlukana yamaqembu indiza okuhlazisayo Polovtsy kwaholela ekubeni inqotshwa kabuhlungu yeRussia.

Mstislav Kievsky kwaqinisa entabeni, lapho izinsuku ezintathu ngempumelelo wacasulwa nakho konke ukuhlaselwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo lwesiTatar. Khona-ke amaMongol waya iqhinga, umholi roamers Ploskinya wamanga esiphambanweni phambi Prince Kiev, wamqinisekisa ukuthi amaTartar wabakhulula bonke emizini yabo, uma bebeka phansi izikhali. Ethonywe nokuncenga, Mstislav umaluju, kodwa amaMongol akazange aligcine izwi lakhe. Zonke amasosha abavamile yamuka ebugqilini, nezikhulu futhi ojenene ukubeké ngaphansi emphemeni, lapho bahlala phansi ukuba umkhosi, wokugubha ukunqoba. Battle of Kalka laqedwa ngezinsuku ezintathu.

amabutho-Mongolian wazama zokumelana phansi Chernigov ubukhulu, bese kuthi lapho sesibhekene idolobha lokuqala enezivikelo eziqinile - Novgorod Seversky, zinhlanga emuva ku-asemaqeleni. Ngakho, impi phezu Kalka amaMongol bavunyelwe afeze kwesimo endaweni ngokuphelele. Bakwazisa ibutho isiRashiya, kodwa embikweni wakhe uGenghis Khan kwase waqokomisa Ukungabi nobunye kuleli izikhulu Russian. Phakathi ayehlasela ka Batu Khan eRussia ngo 1239 ngesikhathi nokwehlukaniswa ubukhulu Rus 'kwathiwa kabanzi amaMongol.

Battle of the River Kalka wabonisa imiphumela nekubate. amabutho Russian baye balahlekelwa omkhulu, sezibuyele hhayi ningi than lweshumi amasosha. Killed amaqhawe kababaningi abayizikhulu nezikhulu. Battle of the Kalka izikhulu Russian wabonisa amandla nesitha esisha, kodwa nesifundo wafundiswa futhi okwalandela iminyaka engu-16 ayehlasela amaMongol-Tatar izindimbane ezweni Russian behlisa ukuthuthukiswa Russia eminyaka cishe izingalo ezimbili nengxenye.