Ukufa yikuphi? Kuyini ukufa nokuthi ungesabi kanjani?

Ukuzalwa nokufa yimingcele yokuphila kwayo yonke into ekhona emhlabeni. Laba boodade ababili, beqedelana omunye nomunye, ama-halves amabili alo lonke, ahlale ehlangana futhi ahlangane. Ngamunye ukuqala kokuthile okusha, ngesikhathi esifanayo kokubili kufanekisela ukuqedwa komunye umjikelezo wokuba khona. Futhi uma sizalwa sihlanganisa kuphela izikhathi ezimnandi nezijabulisayo, khona-ke ukuphela kokuphila kuyasondela nsuku zonke, kwesaba futhi kusabisa okungaziwa. Kuyini ukufa komuntu? Yini eyokwenzeka ngokulandelayo? Asiqonde ndawonye.

Kuyini ukufa?

Izwe lihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi zonke izilwane ezihlala kuyo zihamba ngezigaba eziningana: ukuzalwa (ukubukeka, ukubukeka), ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa, izimbali (ukuvuthwa), ukuqedwa (ukuguga), ukufa. Umjikelezo ofanayo ngisho nabameleli bemvelo engapheli: izinkanyezi nemigqa, isibonelo, kanye nezinto ezihlukahlukene zenhlalo - izinhlangano namandla. Ngelinye igama, akukho lutho ezweni elingokwenyama elingase libe khona kuze kube phakade: konke kunesiqalo esinengqondo futhi akupheli ukuphela okufanele. Okushoyo ngezidalwa eziphilayo: izinambuzane, izinyoni, izilwane kanye nendoda. Zihlelwe ukuze umzimba, esebenze isikhathi esithile, uqala ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, futhi uqede umsebenzi wawo obalulekile.

Ukufa - lesi yisigaba sokugcina sokuphila, okuba umphumela wokuphulwa okujulile, okunamandla, okungenakugwemeka kwemisebenzi yezitho ezibalulekile. Uma ifika ngenxa yokugqoka kwamashukela, ukuguga kwamaseli, kubizwa ngokuthi umzimba, noma wemvelo. Umuntu, lapho ephila impilo ende futhi ejabule, usuke elele, futhi engasayivula amehlo akhe. Ukufa okunjalo kubhekwa njengokuthandekayo, akuletha ubuhlungu noma ukuhlupheka kumuntu oshonile. Lapho ukuphela kokuphila kwakuwumphumela wezimo ezingathandekayo nezici, umuntu angakhuluma ngokufa kwegazi. Iza ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka, ukuxoshwa noma ukulahleka kwegazi, kuholele ekutheleleni nasezifo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukufa kukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-XIV, isifo se- bubonic sasihlanganisa lonke iYurophu ne-Asia . Kuyini ukufa omnyama? Lona ulwandle olwesabekayo, isifo esiwumshayabhuqe esasithatha izimpilo eziyizigidi ezingu-60 eminyakeni engamashumi amabili.

Amaphuzu okubuka ahlukene

Abakholelwa ekukholweni bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphela kokukhona komuntu, ukuguquka kwakhe ekungabikho kokukhona-kungukuthi ukufa kungabonakala kanjani. Lokhu, ngokombono wabo, kungukufa komzimba womzimba kuphela, kodwa nokufa komuntu ngamunye. Abakholelwa emphefumulweni, bewubheka uhlobo oluthile lokusebenza kobuchopho. Ngemuva kwenhliziyo igoba, indaba ephuzi ayisondli oksijini, ngakho-ke iyafa kanye nezinye izitho. Ngakho-ke, abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bayabandakanya ngokuphelele ukuphila okuphakade nokungafi komphefumulo.

Ngokuqondene nesayensi, kusukela ekubonweni kwayo, ukufa kuyindlela yokuvikela umhlaba kusukela ekudlulelweni kwemvelo. Futhi inikeza ushintsho lwezizukulwane, ngasinye esilandelayo sifinyelela intuthuko enkulu kunaleyo eyedlule, okuba yingqalasizinda yokwethulwa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphila.

Esikhundleni salokho, inkolo ngokwayo iyichaza ukuthi ukufa komuntu kukuphi. Zonke izinkolo zomhlaba ezaziwayo zigcizelela ukuthi ukufa komzimba akuyona ukuphela. Ngempela, kungumgogodla wesikhathi esihlala phakade - umhlaba wangaphakathi, umphefumulo. Wonke umuntu uza kuleli zwe ukufeza isiphetho sabo, bese ebuya kuMdali ezulwini. Ukufa kuphela ukubhujiswa kwegobolondo lomzimba, emva kwalokho umphefumulo awuyeki ukuphela, kodwa uyaqhubeka ngaphandle komzimba. Kuzo zonke izinkolo, imibono ngokuphathelene nokuphila emva kwayo ingeyabo, futhi zonke zihlukile kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Ukufa ebuKristwini

Ake siqale nale nkolo, njengoba isondelene kakhulu futhi iyajwayele abantu baseSlavic. Ngesikhathi esidlule, lapho bezwa ukuthi ukufa okumnyama kwakunjani, besaba amandla angenakugwenywa, abantu baqala ukukhuluma ngokuzalwa kabusha komphefumulo. Kunalokho, ngenxa yokwesaba ukufa, ukuzama ukuzethemba, amanye amaKristu ayecabanga ukuthi lo muntu wayenqunywe ngaphandle komunye kodwa ukuphila okumbalwa. Uma enza amaphutha amakhulu, wona, kodwa akwazi ukuphenduka, iNkosi imnika ithuba lokulungisa lokho akwenzile - unikeza enye imvuselelo, kodwa emzimbeni ohlukile. Empeleni, ubuKristu beqiniso buphika imfundiso yenkolelo yokuphila kwangaphambi komphefumulo. Esinye isonto lombhishobhi laseConstantinople, elibhaliswe ekhulwini le-VI, lasongela umuntu ozosabalalisa lezo zigwebo ezingenangqondo futhi ezingenangqondo.

Ngokusho kobuKrestu, akukho ukufa nge-se. Ukuphila kwethu emhlabeni kungumalungiselelo, ukuphindaphinda impilo ephakade eduze kweNkosi. Emva kokufa ngokushesha kwegobolondo lomzimba, umphefumulo uhlala eceleni kwawo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Khona-ke ngosuku lwesithathu, ngokuvamile emva kokungcwaba, iqhuma ezulwini noma iya emgodini wamademoni namademoni.

Kuyini ukufa komuntu nokuthi yini elandelayo ngaye? UbuKristu buchaza ukuthi lokhu kungukuphela kwesigaba esingenasici sokukhona komphefumulo, emva kwalokho siqhubeka sikhule ePharadesi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba afike lapho, kumele aphumelele kuJaji Lokugcina: izoni ezingaphenduki ziya esikhwameni. Ubude bokuhlala kuwo buxhomeke kulokho okwakungobunzima bomuntu oshonile, ukuthi uthanda kangakanani ukuthandaza izihlobo emhlabeni.

Umbono wezinye izinkolo

Bahumusha umqondo wokufa ngendlela yabo. Okokuqala, ake sithole ukuthi ukufa kukuphi ngefilosofi yamaSulumane. Okokuqala, kunezinto ezifanayo phakathi kuka-Islam nobuKristu. Enkolweni yamazwe ase-Asia, impilo yasemhlabeni nayo ibhekwa njengengxenye yesikhashana. Ngemuva kokuphela kwayo umphefumulo ufika enkantolo, ophethwe nguNakir noMnkar. Bazokutshela ukuthi uzoya kuphi: ezulwini noma esihogweni. Khona-ke kufika isahlulelo esiphezulu nesilungile sika Allah ngokwakhe. Kodwa kuyofika kuphela emva kokuba i-Universe iwa phansi futhi iphela ngokuphelele. Okwesibili, ukufa ngokwayo, imizwa phakathi naso, kuxhomeke kakhulu ekufikeni kwezono nokholo. Kuyoba okungaqondakali futhi okungenabuhlungu kumaSulumane eqiniso, eside futhi ebuhlungu kwabakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nabangakholwayo.

Ngokuqondene nobuBuddha, ngoba abamele le nkolo imibuzo yokufa nokuphila kuyesibili. Enkolweni, ngisho noma kungekho mqondo womphefumulo onjalo, kunemisebenzi yayo eyisisekelo kuphela: ukuqonda, isifiso, ukuzwa nokumelwa. Ngendlela efanayo, umzimba kanye nezidingo zomzimba zibonakala. Yiqiniso, amaBuddha akholelwa ekuphindukuzalwa futhi akholelwa ukuthi emva kokufa, umphefumulo uzalwa kabusha - ungumuntu noma enye into ephilayo.

Kodwa ubuJuda abukholisanga kakhulu incazelo yalokho ukufa okukuyo. Lokhu, ngokulandela abalandeli bakhe, akuyona inkinga ebalulekile kangaka. Ukuboleka kwamanye amazwe izinkolelo ezahlukene, ubuJuda babuthinta i-kaleidoscope yonke yezinkolelo ezixutshwe neziguquguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, linikeza ukuvuselelwa kabusha, kanye nokuba khona kwepharadesi, isihogo nesihlanzo.

Izimpikiswano zamafilosofi

Ngaphezu kwababamele izinkolo zenkolo, umbuzo wokuphela kokuphila komhlaba wasithandwa ngabacwaningi. Kuyini ukufa ngokwefilosofi? Isibonelo, ummeleli we-Antiquity, uPlato ukholelwa ukuthi ngumphumela wokuhlukaniswa komphefumulo kusukela kugobolondo elingokomzimba elibhubhayo. Umcabango wayekholelwa ukuthi umzimba uyisiboshwa somoya. Kulo, uyakhohlwa ngokusuka kwakhe engokomoya futhi ufuna ukuwanelisa izimo zasendulo.

I-Seneca yaseRoma yamqinisekisa ukuthi wayengesabi ukufa. Ngokombono wakhe, noma-noma ekupheleni, lapho usunakekeli, noma ukuvuselela kabusha, ngakho-ke ukuqhubeka. USeneca wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi akukho ndawo ezoba yindoda enabantu abaningi. U-Epicurus okwamanje wayekholelwa ukuthi konke okubi esikutholayo ngokuzwa kwethu. Ukufa kungukuphela kwemizwa nemizwelo. Ngakho-ke, akukho okumele ukwesabe.

Kuyini ukufa ngokwefilosofi yama-Middle Ages? Abafundisi bezombusazwe bokuqala - uMthwali kaNkulunkulu, u-Ignatius noTatian - baphikisana nokuphila kwakhe, hhayi ngenxa yalokhu okulandelayo. Inkolo iphinda iba isifiso sokufa ngenxa yokholo neNkosi. Ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, isimo sengqondo sokufa komzimba sashintsha: abanye bazama ukungacabangi ngakho, abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bashumayela mayelana nokushona, ukuyibeka e-altare. USchopenhauer wabhala: kuphela isilwane esithokozela ngokugcwele impilo kanye nezinzuzo zayo, ngoba ayicabangi ngokufa. Ngokombono wakhe, ingqondo kuphela ukusola ukuthi ukuphela kokuphila komhlaba kusabisa kakhulu kithi. "Ukwesaba okukhulu ukwesaba ukufa," kusho umcabango.

Izigaba eziyisisekelo

Ingxenye engokomoya yokufa komuntu icacile. Manje ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukufa kwegazi. Odokotela babone izigaba eziningana zenqubo yokufa:

1. Isimo esandulela isimo. Ihlala emaminithini ayishumi kuya emahoreni amaningana. Lo muntu uvinjelwe, ukuqonda akucacile. Kungase kube khona ukushayela emithanjeni ye-peripheral, ngenkathi isetshenziselwa kuphela besifazane nokulala. Kukhona isikhala sesikhumba, kukhona ukuphefumula okuncane. Isimo esandulela isimo siphelela ngekhefu lokugcina.
2. Isigaba se-Agonal. Ukuphefumula kungamisa (kusuka kumasekhondi angu-30 kuya kwemizuzu eyodwa nesigamu), ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwehla ku-zero, ukucima ukucima, kuhlanganise nama-eyeballs. E-cortex ye-cerebral, ukuvinjelwa kwenzeka, imisebenzi ye-grey igxile kancane kancane. Ukuphila komsebenzi kuba yinto ephazamisayo, umzimba ungapheli njengento eyodwa.
3. Ubuhlungu. Kuphela imizuzu embalwa nje. Uthole ukufa emtholampilo. Lesi yisigaba sokugcina somzabalazo womuntu wokuphila. Yonke imisebenzi yomzimba iphazamiseka, izingxenye zesistimu yezinzwa ezisemkhatsini ezitholakala ngenhla kokuqala kobuchopho ziqala ukuwaphula. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukuphefumula okujulile, kodwa okungajwayelekile, kunokunyuka okuhlukile kodwa okwesikhashana kwengcindezi. Ukuqaphela nokucabangela akusekho, nakuba kungase kuqhutshekwe kabili. Kusuka ohlangothini kubonakala sengathi umuntu uthola ngcono, kodwa isimo esinjalo esikhohlisayo yisimanje sokugcina sokuphila.

Bese kulandela ukufa komtholampilo. Nakuba lesi yisigaba sokugcina sokufa, siphenduka. Umuntu angasuswa kulo mbuso, noma angabuyela ekuphileni eyedwa. Kuyini ukufa komtholampilo? Incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo ishiwo ngezansi.

Ukufa ngemitholampilo kanye nezibonakaliso zayo

Lesi sikhathi sincane kakhulu. Kuyini ukufa komtholampilo? Futhi izibonakaliso zakhe yiziphi? Odokotela banikeza incazelo ecacile: lesi yisiteji esenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kokuphefumula kwegazi nokusebenza kwegazi. Esikhathini sesistimu ye-central central kanye nezinye izitho zikhona izinguquko kumaseli. Uma odokotela basekela ngokuphumelelayo umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu ngosizo lwamadivaysi, khona-ke ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi obalulekile wenyama kuyakwenzeka.

Izimpawu ezisemqoka zokufa komtholampilo:

• Ukucabangela nokuqonda akukho.
• Kukhona i-cyanosis ye-epidermis, ngokushaqeka okukhulu nokulahlekelwa kwegazi okukhulu - ukukhanya okubukhali.
• Abafundi bahlanjululwe kakhulu.
• Izinqamuzana zenhliziyo ziyayeka, lo muntu akaphefumuli.

Ukuboshwa komzimba kutholakala ukuthi uma kungabikho ukuqhuma emithambo ye-carotid imizuzwana emihlanu futhi ukunciphisa umzimba akuzwakala. Uma isiguli senza i-electrocardiogram, umuntu angabona i-fibrillation ye-ventricular, okungukuthi, ukuhlukana kwemigqa ngayinye ye-myocardium, i-bradyarrhythmia noma umugqa oqondile uqoshiwe, okubonisa ukuphela okuphelele kwemisipha.

Ukungabi nokuphefumula kunqunywa ngokulula. Kutholakale ukuthi, kungakapheli imizuzwana engu-15 yokubheka, odokotela abakwazi ukubona ukunyakaza okusobala kwesifuba, abasizwa umsindo we-air exhaled. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphefumula okungavamile okungaxhumani nakho akukwazi ukunikeza umoya wamaphaphu, ngakho kunzima ukuwabiza ngokuphefumula okugcwele. Nakuba odokotela, bekwazi ukuthi ukufa kwabaphilisi, bazama ukusindisa isiguli kulesi sigaba. Njengoba lesi simiso singakabi isiqinisekiso sokuthi umuntu uzofa ngempela.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze?

Sithole ukuthi ukufa komtholampilo yisigaba sokugcina ngaphambi kokufa kokugcina komzimba. Isikhathi salo ngokuqondile sixhomeke esimweni sokugula noma ukulimala okwaholela kule nkinga, kanye nokugeleza nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwezigaba ezandulelwe. Ngakho-ke, uma izinkathi zangaphambili nezigonal zihambisana nezinkinga, isibonelo, ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwegazi, khona-ke isikhathi sokufa emtholampilo asidluli imizuzu emibili.

Akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulungisa umzuzu oqondile walokho okwenzekayo. Kuphela kwamacala angu-15% abhekana nodokotela lapho eqala, futhi angabiza isikhathi sokuguquka kokufa kwemitholampilo kuya eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, uma isiguli singenayo izibonakaliso zalezi zindawo zokugcina, isibonelo, izidakamizwa ze-cadaveric, khona-ke singasho ukuthi akukho ukufa kwangempela komzimba wenyama. Kulesi simo, udinga ukuqhubeka ngaphandle kokulibaziseka izinyathelo zokuvuselela: ukuphefumula okufakelwayo kanye nokuhlunga kwenhliziyo engaqondile. Odokotela bathi, uma uthola umuntu ongenayo izimpawu zokuphila, ukulandelana kwezenzo zakho kufanele kube kanje:

1. Yazisa ukungabi khona kwezenzo ezenzakalelayo.
2. Shayela i-ambulensi.
3. Beka umuntu endaweni ephephile futhi uhlole ukuma kwe-airways.
4. Uma isiguli singaphefumulanga sodwa, yenza ukuphefumula ngomlomo ngomlomo: kokubili ukuphuza okuphephile, okuphefumulayo.
5. Hlola i-pulse.
6. Uma kungekho-pulse, hlela inhliziyo, uyishintshe nge-ventilation yamaphaphu.

Qhubeka kulo moya, kuze kube yilapho ucingo lungabuyi ukubuyiswa kabusha. Odokotela abafanelekayo bazokwenza yonke imisebenzi edingekayo yokusiza. Ukwazi ngokwenza ukuthi ukufa komuntu kuwukuphi, bayayithola kuphela uma zonke izindlela zingenamandla, futhi isiguli ngeke siphephe isibalo esithile semaminithi. Ngemva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kucatshangwa ukuthi amangqamuzana ebuchopho aqala ukufa. Futhi njengoba lo mzimba - eqinisweni okuwukuphela okubalulekile emzimbeni, odokotela balungise isikhathi sokufa.

Ukufa emehlweni ebantwaneni

Isihloko sokufa sasilokhu sinesithakazelo ezinganeni. Izingane ziqala ukwesaba lokhu okwenzeka eminyakeni engama-4-5, lapho kancane kancane beqaphela ukuthi kuyini. Ukhathazeka ukuthi abazali bakhe kanye nabanye abantu abaseduze abafayo. Uma kwenzeka le nhlekelele, ngabe ungachaza kanjani ingane ukuthi ukufa kukuphi? Okokuqala, akusekho icala ungagodli leli qiniso. Asikho isidingo sokuqamba amanga ukuthi umuntu wahamba uhambo olude noma waya esibhedlela ukwelashwa. Ingane izwa ukuthi izimpendulo aziyiqiniso, futhi umqondo wokwesaba ukhulu nakakhulu. Esikhathini esizayo, lapho amanga evela, ingane ingase ikhubeke kakhulu, ikuzonde, ithole ukukhathazeka okungathí sina kwengqondo.

Okwesibili, ungathatha ingane yakho esontweni ngenkonzo yomngcwabo. Kodwa emngcwabeni ngokwawo, kungcono ukuba angabi khona. Izazi zengqondo zithi inqubo izoba nzima ukuqonda ingqondo yengane ebuthakathaka futhi iholele ekucindezelekeni. Uma esinye sezihlobo sisondelene kakhulu nomntwana, kufanele enze okuthile kumuntu oshonile: faka ikhandlela, bhala inothi lokubhadela.

Indlela yokuchaza ingane, ukufa komuntu othandekayo kuyini? Yisho ukuthi manje waya kuNkulunkulu ezulwini, lapho ephenduka ingelosi, futhi kusukela manje uzovikela ingane. Njengendlela yokukhetha, indaba ingenzeka mayelana nokuguqulwa komphefumulo womuntu oshonile ibe yi-butterfly, inja noma umntwana osanda kuzalwa. Ngabe kufanele ngithathe isidumbu emangcwabeni ngemuva komngcwabo? Isikhathi esithile, mvikele ekuvakasheni okunjalo: le ndawo inzima kakhulu, futhi ukuhambela kwakhe kuyothinta kakhulu ingqondo yengane. Uma efuna "ukukhuluma" nomuntu oshonile, mthathe esontweni. Yisho ukuthi lena yindawo lapho ungakhuluma khona ngokuzwakalayo noma ngokuzwakalayo nomuntu osevele esenaye.

Ungakuyeka kanjani ukwesaba ukufa?

izingane kuphela, kodwa abadala ngizibuze kuyini ukufa nokuthi ngeke wesabe ke. Odokotela bengqondo ukunikeza amacebiso amaningi ewusizo ukukusiza ukwehlisa ukwesaba ezingadingekile futhi kukwenze abanesibindi xaxa ngenakugwemeka:

• Ukwenza izinto ozithandayo. Umane ngeke sibe nesikhathi imicabango engakhi. It is wafakazela ukuthi umuntu has a umsebenzi kujabulise, kakhudlwana. Phela, 99% of the isifo kudala ukucindezeleka, neurosis nemicabango engakhi.
• Khumbula: akekho owaziyo kuyini ukufa. Pho wacabanga ukuthi wayesaba ukuthi? Mhlawumbe izinto zihamba kahle: umzimba, ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu beshaqekile, ngakho uzwela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuphuca ngokwakho.
• Nakani ubuthongo. Phela, ubizwa ngokuthi ukufa kancane. Le ndoda aquleke, akanalo ubuhlungu. Uma ufa, wena nje ngomoya ophansi futhi ngobumnandi ukuzumeka. Ngakho, kufanele ungesabi.

Futhi okwamanje nje siphile futhi sijabulele lesi umuzwa emangalisayo. Kusadingeka obakhathalelayo kuyini ukufa nokuthi indlela yokuphatha kulo? Philosophically. Kuyinto akunakugwenywa, kodwa zihlale zicabanga ngakho ngeke kukusize ngalutho kuso. Udinga ukuba siqonde zonke mzuzu eyabelwe kithi ukudalelwa, ukuze bakwazi ukubona injabulo ngisho izici ezingezinhle kakhulu ekuphileni. Cabanga kahle ukuthi beze ekuseni ukuqala kosuku olusha: bakwenza ngisho emthunzini usizi wayengekho lapho. Khumbula: sizalwa ukuphila, hhayi bafe.