Ukugqwala electrochemical

ukugqwala electrochemical - kuba owande kakhulu ukwephula ubuqotho isakhiwo sensimbi. Akukhona ukucwiliswa ledzingekako engxenyeni phakathi electrolyte. Ngokuvamile kwanele ukuba ifilimu elincanyana phezu impahla.

Electrochemical ukugqwala metal kwenzeka ngokwezinga elikhulu, ngenxa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi lobuchwepheshe nendlu usawoti (potassium chloride kanye sodium). Ngokuvamile, lezi izinto ezisetshenziswa ebusika ukususa ngokushesha iqhwa nesithwathwa kusuka ezitaladini. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, umonakalo ngaleyo ndlela isetshenziswa Izinsiza komhlaba kanye ezokuthutha ezweni.

Ukugqwala kukagesi kwenzeka ku izingxenye imishini, izakhiwo, amadivayisi e isimo somhlabathi, inhlabathi, amanzi (ulwandle noma umfula), isimo lobuchwepheshe injongo izixazululo, ngaphansi kwethonya lubricating, imikhiqizo indlu.

Ukubhujiswa kungase kubangele imisinga ehlangeni ezisuka kusukela ukuvuza amandla kusukela wesifunda kagesi enhlabathini noma amanzi, bese - ku ilungu kwesakhiwo. Lapho okukhipha reverse (insimbi inhlabathi noma amanzi), kukhona ukubhujiswa izingxenye - ukugqwala electrochemical. Ngokuvamile imisinga ehlangeni akhiwa izindawo lapho uhamba phansi zokuthutha (trams, ujantshi amakhanda ugesi). Ngakho, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi 1 ampere ngonyaka kungaba chaza 33,4 kg phambili, zinc kanye 10.7 kg, yensimbi 9.1 kg.

Ngokuvamile lapho kubhujiswa ukuthuthukiswa ihilela izici eziningana.

ukugqwala electrochemical kuyinqubo ethile. Ingxubevange (noma impahla abazimele) ilahlekelwa ingxenye athomu etholakalayo. Bona (athomu) zidluliselwa ku ifomu ion in ikhambi electrolytic. Esikhundleni elahlekile kuyizinhlayiyana metal avele electron okuyinto icala nto omubi icala. I electrolyte has a icala omuhle. Ngakho, ukugqwala kukagesi yakha ambalwa kukagesi. Ukusabela redox bona isifundo sibe inhomogeneity ku isakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali material. izici ngodlame kwetinhlavu anodes futhi cathodes kukhona izingxenye kanye deformation unomphela, ukuntula ukufana e enamathela metal amafilimu zokuzivikela.

Bagcine ukubhujiswa izingxenye futhi kungaba ekhaya. Lokhu kudinga izinzipho ezintathu, izinkomishi ezintathu ne brine (usawoti, ziyoncibilika ngamanzi), obuncane zinc, ithusi wire (ukwahlukanisa kumele zisuswe).

Nail lokuqala lehliselwa singene beaker nge ingxube usawoti. Eyesibili uthayi wire futhi kufanele afakwe isixazululo (ingilazi yesibili). Nail lwesithathu lehliselwa esibuthakathaka lwesithathu. Shiya ku izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, yonke izinzipho ezintathu nokugqwala itawugujwa. Nokho, kuyinto isikhonkwane isimo esibi kunazo zonke wire, kakhulu - ne-zinc. Lo mehluko wenza lihlotshaniswa ikhono oluhlukile lwensimbi ukunikela ama-electron.

indlela ekushintsheni ezingaba isetshenziswa ukuvikela impahla. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela ongakaphathelani ukwahlukanisa. I cathode (anode) isetshenziswa njenge indlela yokuvikela.

Ngakho isakhiwo evikelwe amathuba phambilini (isib inhlabathi) naphakathi, exhunywe cathode (electrode omubi icala) umthombo kagesi. Ngakho, into iba cathode. Kulesi naphakathi efanayo yafakwa futhi lento ubudala, axube ku-anode ivela emthonjeni ongaphandle. inqubo Elonakalisayo kuholela ekubhujisweni kwesimiso metal ubudala ukuthi iba anode.

Kukhona womhlatshelo Ukuvikelwa hlobo. Ngokungafani ngenhla, lokhu samuntu inikeza ukusetshenziswa anode ikakhulukazi - we yimpandla. Iyasebenza yayo njengendlela esebenzayo kunalaba isakhiwo evikelwe, metal. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi umvikeli wenza umsebenzi we anode (electrode positive), kanye kokuquleka, zivikela esephule ubuqotho evikelwe izinto.