Ukugqwala inhibitor. izindlela ukuvikelwa ukugqwala

Unyaka ngamunye, cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu metal akhiqizwa emhlabeni, kulahleka ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa futhi ukugqwala izinqubo. Izindleko ezihambisana ukukhanda futhi imishini nokuxhumana zezitshalo zemvelo namakhemikhali, ngokuvamile izikhathi eziningana ephakeme ukwedlula izindleko zokwakha, okuyinto eyayidingeka ekukhiqizeni kwabo. Corrosion libizwa nokwahlukana okuzenzakalelayo izinsimbi kanye Alloys ngaphansi kwethonya imvelo. Nokho, ungakwazi uzivikele lezi izinqubo. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze azivikele ukugqwala, kanye nemithelela. Emkhakheni wezingalo ukukhiqizwa chemical lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ukugqwala kungaba umoya, emkhathini futhi electrochemical.

isimo out

Ukukhetha indlela yokulawula kulokhu akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni izici metal, kodwa futhi ngemibandela yokusebenza. Izindlela yokuvikela ukugqwala Nokho ekhethiwe ngokuvumelana nezici ezithile, futhi kukhona ngokuvamile eziningana nobunzima. Inkinga ethile lihlotshaniswa inketho kokuphakathi multi-ingxenye ngezimiso okuyinto ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwenqubo. Esikhathini umkhakha chemical kuvamile impela. Izindlela isivikelo ukugqwala asetshenziswe umkhuba, zihlukaniswe ubunjalo imiphumela yabo ku imvelo kanye metal.

Umthelela emvelweni

Ngisho Ephakathi, zazaziwa izinto ezikhethekile lapho kwangena eziningi elincane ezivumela ukwehlisa ulaka imvelo ezonakalisayo. Ngenxa yale njongo, kwanqunywa ukuba usebenzise amafutha, inhlaka nesitashi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi esidlule, kwakunabamemezeli abaningi ukugqwala inhibitor. Okwamanje, i-Russia kuphela bangathembela eziningi abakhiqizi. Inhibitors ka ukugqwala metal zisabalele ngenxa intengo zabo okungabizi. Ziyakwazi ngempumelelo kakhulu izinhlelo lapho kukhona njalo noma ivolumu kancane olusha medium ezonakalisayo, isibonelo emathangini, amadamu, Ukupholisa izinhlelo boilers nezinye amayunithi zamakhemikhali.

izakhiwo

Corrosion inhibitor kungenzeka bemvelo organic wezinto ezingaphili. Abakwazi ivikelwe nokusondelana zoketshezi noma igesi ukuchayeka. Corrosion inhibitor embonini petroleum ezimweni eziningi ezihlobene nokusebenzelana okusithiyayo of anodic nezinqubo cathodic electrochemical kulimaze kumiswa passivating namafilimu zokuzivikela. Ungabona ngokuyisisekelo lokhu.

Anodic ukugqwala inhibitor zisekelwe passivation nemibi eyonakalisa izindawo anodic ebusweni sensimbi, okuyinto ombangela passivating igama. Njengoba oxidants enjalo ngokuvamile esetshenziswa wezinto ezingaphili nitrate, chromates futhi molybdates. Basuke encishisiwe kalula ngesikhathi evele cathode, ngenxa okuyinto zifana depolarizers, ukunciphisa ijubane ukwedlulela anode isixazululo equkethe ion we metal nemibi eyonakalisa.

Anode retarders kubhekwe futhi ezinye compounds ukuthi azinazo lezi zimpawu khona oxidative izakhiwo: polyphosphates, phosphate, i-sodium benzoate, silicates. Isenzo sabo njengoba inhibitor livela kuphela khona komoya-mpilo, udlala indima passivating ejenti. Lezi izinto eziholela adsorption umoya-mpilo Laphezu metal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babangela okusithiyayo of anodic nokonakala inqubo ngenxa ukwakheka amafilimu zokuzivikela, okuyinto aqukethe imikhiqizo kancane oncibilikayo ukusabela inhibitor nensimbi ion odlula ku isixazululo.

Izici

Anodic ukugqwala inhibitor ngezinto theka yesigaba kuyingozi, ngoba ethubeni lokuba omengameli ezintweni nqubo ebhubhisayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ukugqwala kwabantu kwamanje lalilide kulabo ukuthi lapho kumiswa ngokuphelele is passivation ka anodic izindawo. passivating ejenti lokuhlushwa akufanele wehlise ngezansi value othize, kungenjalo passivation kungenzeki, noma-ke kuyobe akuphelele. Inketho yokugcina igcwele ingozi enkulu, ngoba kubangela ukuncishiswa ebusweni anode, ukwanda ukujula ukwa metal izinga izingxenyana ezincane.

izidingo

It kuvela ukuthi anganikeza isivikelo esifanele endabeni le anode ukulondoloza lokuhlushwa inhibitor ngenhla seqiwe ngoba zonke izindawo sihloko okuyinto asitholayo Ukuvikelwa. Lezi izinto abasakwazi nozwelo pH ezingeni medium. Ezimweni eziningi, chromates nemikhiqizo kamanyolo asetshenziswa ukushisa kanye nokuvikela ebusweni ipayipi.

cathodic inhibitor

Ngu imiphumela zokuzivikela yalezi izinto mancane ngempumelelo uma eqhathaniswa anode. umphumela kwabo kusekelwe yokuthi alkalinization endawo imiphumela naphakathi kwetinhlavu phezu izingxenye cathode imikhiqizo zingaxazululeki, ingxenye nangokuvikela we ebusweni yesixazululo. Njengoba izinto ezinjalo zingase zenze, isibonelo, i-calcium Bicarbonate, kukhishwa alkalized naphakathi -calcium carbonate njengoba kwenze, kunzima ubhekene nokonakala. Cathode ukugqwala inhibitor, okwakhiwa kwalo kuncike imvelo ukusetshenziswa aliholeli anda izinqubo elimazayo, ngisho okuqukethwe ongaphakeme.

zinhlobo

Ngo abezindaba kokungathathi hlangothi njengabalandeli cathode futhi anode inhibitor ngokuvamile isinyathelo izinto wezinto ezingaphili, kodwa abakwazi ukusiza izixazululo kakhulu ene-asidi. Njengoba retarders enqubeni ukukhiqizwa esetshenziswa organic acid izidakamizwa kabani molecule aqukethe amaqembu athile noma polar, isibonelo ama, thiourea, aldehydes, phenols nosawoti carbonate.

On lo mshini wezenzo we ukugqwala inhibitor ezahlukene adsorption uhlamvu. Ngemva adsorption kuya cathode noma anode izingxenye zakhuza kuthiye ukudedelwa hydrogen ion futhi ionization metal ukuphendula. Ngezinga elikhulu umphumela zokuzivikela kusekelwe lokushisa, yokugxilisa ingqondo, okuyisici anion acid, ne-hydrogen ion okuhlushwa. Avame ungeze izinto eziningi ezincane, ngoba umphumela oluvikelayo eziningi inhibitor organic lokuhlala eliphezulu kungaba ngisho nayingozi.

Ngokwesibonelo, kwakwakhe organic ngokuthi "Penta-522" - neftevodorastvorimy. It uyakwazi ukunikeza ngezinga elithile isivikelo esikhudlwana kuka-90% ngesilinganiso 15-25 amagremu ngethani. Corrosion inhibitor okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Aminkor" uphawu - isungulwe esterification of acid carboxylic, engewona nokho oluyingozi, ayinayo iphunga ezingemnandi, akunabo ubuthi. Isikali kwalo kunqunywa kuphela emva kokufakwa yezinga corrosiveness naphakathi yangempela.

Imiphumela Metal

Leli qembu izindlela yokuvikela kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene ezinengilazi. Lokhu upende, metal, iraba, kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Kusetshenziswe ngezindlela ezahlukene: by sishaye, Electroplating, nezinye rubberizing. Ungabona ngamunye wabo.

Ngu rubberizing elivame ukuqondwa ngayo isivikelo ezibangelwa ukugqwala by ezinengilazi iraba ukuthi kaningi ziyadingeka ukukhiqizwa chlorine. Rubber compounds aye anda zamakhemikhali ukuzinza kanye ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikela iziqukathi, thini, kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza amakhemikhali kusukela ukugqwala futhi ukugqwala. Gumming kubanda futhi kushisa iqine inqubo owenziwa epoxy kanye PTFE Izingxube.

Kubalulekile nje kuphela ukhethe, kodwa futhi kungadala ukugqwala inhibitor. Abakhiqizi ngokuvamile unikeze isiqondiso ngokwanele esicacile kule ndaba. Kuleli qophelo, ngaphezu Electroplating, indlela uqine ngokwanele ukuze uthole ukusatshalaliswa ngesivinini ukufutha. Ngosizo lwawo baxazulule spectrum ebanzi imisebenzi. Kungase kusetshenziswe luthuli izinto ngokukhiqiza ezinengilazi kokuba izakhiwo ezahlukene.

imishini ukuvikelwa

Izinkinga ezihlobene ukuvikelwa imishini zamakhemikhali, likubeka ngokucacile, futhi ngenxa yalokho edinga kokucabangisisa ngakho. Kukhethwa impahla ngokukhiqiza eliphezulu ezinengilazi kudinga ukuhlolisiswa isimo ebusweni, ukubunjwa medium, izimo zokusebenza, degree of ulaka, nezinye izimo lokushisa. Ngezinye izikhathi "ndaba elula" kukhona ipharamitha ezibucayi, okuyinto nzima kukhethwa uhlobo enamathela, isibonelo, kushunqe, ngisho njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ithangi-propane. Yingakho wonke endaweni enobudlova kudinga Ukukhethwa ifilimu wangaphambili futhi izingxenye ezinengilazi yokuthi zinezikhathi ukumelana reactants.

ephikisayo

Ochwepheshe bathi kungenziwa hhayi iqhathaniswa nomunye izindlela ezishisayo sishaye, futhi ikakhulukazi ukusho ukuthi abanye babo kunenye. Ingabe noma yimiphi imisebenzi kubo kunezinzuzo ezithile nemibi, kanye ezinengilazi okuholela babe izakhiwo ezahlukene olukhuluma ikhono lazo ukuxazulula ezinye imisebenzi yakhe. Ukwakheka elilungile, okumele libhekene ukugqwala inhibitor, futhi indlela yabo kwesicelo akhethiwe ku ukuncika endabeni ethile.

I chemical zikhule emuva, le ndlela avame ukusetshenziswa inqubo yokufeza ukulungiswa isimiso. Ngisho noma kungaze kusetshenziswe esidi ukugqwala inhibitor, kubalulekile kuqala ukulungiselela izinga kobuso metal. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uyayithola i-ikhava izinga. Ngaphambi isicelo ngqo impahla Umdwebo ingasetshenziswa ukuqhumisa ngawo lapho kunikezwe surface sasivumela anolaka.

Minyaka yonke ezingasho ukuthuthukiswa olusha luvela ku-emakethe, futhi kukhona ukukhetha eside. Nokho, osokhemisi kufanele unqume ukuthi ikuphi oholela kangcono - ukuba aphishekele esifike ngesikhathi imishini ukuvikelwa noma esikhundleni ephelele yonke imiklamo.