Ngabe yini umphumela we iSivumelwano SaseVersailles? Imigomo iSivumelwano SaseVersailles

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, olwaqala ngo-1914, saphela lapho kusayinwa umthetho-iSivumelwano SaseVersailles ngoJuni 26, 1919. Ubutha ezimpini cishe u-40 amazwe, futhi kuba izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu yonke le mbulunga. imihlatshelo kobuntu kwakusobala ebuhlotsheni omkhulu - abangaba yizigidi ezingu-36 efile.

ISivumelwano SaseVersailles idokhumenti uphawu ukunqoba emazweni Entente: France, iGreat Britain, Russia, njll Ngemva kwempi elahlekile eJalimane kwezomnotho, ubekade yokucindezeleka okukhulu ... Izwe ilahlekelwe ingxenye yalo, futhi wahlushwa abalimala esindayo.

umhlaba yayinqoba

Ngokomlando, ukuthi isinamumva njalo ukukhokha intengo icala ngamaphutha abo. Kulokhu, basayine yimuphi umqulu ihambisana noma yiziphi izinhlawulo. Ngabe yini umphumela we iSivumelwano SaseVersailles i-Germany okulungiselelwe izwe ngokuwina?

Ngokuhambisana idokhumenti emhlabeni Alsace uLorraine wadlulela French Pomeraniya, Poznan kanye Upper yeSilesia - ePoland Memele - eLithuania kanye Schleswig - eDenmark.

Ukuze eside engu-15, eJalimane ezingenamafutha kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe ngaphandle Saar amalahle yakhe umcengezi. On kule nsimu yabo enkulukazi ofakiwe, endaweni Imininingwane zazo Babengathi izinkulungwane 70 square metres. km kanye labantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-7. ngendoda, wawuyizinkulungwane bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli izinsiza ukuthi ngempela i-nokuvulwa umnotho German. On la mazwe zigcine abalulekile amalahle kanye insimbi ne-zinc atholiwe futhi Izigayo steel.

Imikhawulo izingalo

Manje sonke siyazi ukuthi imiphumela iSivumelwano SaseVersailles. Futhi kungakhathaliseki bakhone njani esindayo eJalimane, ngandlela-thile wakwazi ukugcina isizinda zako ezisemqoka zenhlalakahle kanye nezomnotho impi, eye wahlala cishe njengoba yayinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaJalimane ushiye ngobuningi amabutho azo ahlomile.

Ngakho, iSivumelwano SaseVersailles kuvunyelwe eJalimane unayo lwemikhumbi laseThire elingasolwandle 12 abachithi, 6 yempi, 12 kontrminonostsev, 6 Cruisers ukukhanya. Njengoba for the Army, inombolo yabo kumele singeqi ayizinkulungwane 100. Abantu, kuyilapho inani lamaphoyisa iye ngqo ziyancipha. Kube ukuvinjelwa ukukhululwa kwe eyinkimbinkimbi hardware yezempi, futhi lokho kuhlanganisa izindiza, amathangi kanye izimoto zempi.

yokulungisa umonakalo

Ngaphezu kwalokho yemikhawulo izikhali nezindawo ofakiwe, isho ukuthini le-iSivumelwano SaseVersailles i-Germany? Ngokusho idokhumenti ohlangothini ukulahlekelwa ka empini kwadingeka bakhokhe isizumbulu amazwe-abawinile: 132 bhiliyoni igolide amamaki, okuyinto kwakuhambelana nokuka 33 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

okuxoxwe Indaba yokulungisa umonakalo kwakuyisizathu inkomfa London ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa, kusukela ngoMeyi 1921. Iqiniso ukuthi uhulumeni German ucele ukuhlehlisa eside yokukhokha izikweletu iminyaka 5. Kule ncwadi wakhuluma sasekelwa ubuholi UK. AmaNgisi ngaze ngathembisa France ukukhansela kubo bonke kweletu impi esenana isinqumo lula ku ukuhlehliswa we izinkokhelo German. Kodwa Paris sinqatshiwe iziphakamiso ezinjalo. Ithimba eliholwa JL Burt wathi yokulungisa umonakalo German okuningi wabeka izwe lakhe kuka izikweletu waseFrance ukuba e-United Kingdom.

Ezinye uthi, abasayinayo ka iSivumelwano SaseVersailles, besaba ukuthi izibopho inkokhelo uzohlala kuphela ephepheni. Ngakho-ke, leli thimba French anxenxa anikeza isiqinisekiso wakhe ukuthi ukulungisa zizokwenziwa ngaseceleni German. Ngakho-ke, njengoba Paris izibambiso wathembisa ukuyinika ilungelo ukusebenza futhi ukuphucwa yesikhashana kwezimayini German ku Ruhr. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathi bafuna ukuthola ukudaya kwemboni, isendaweni ibhange kwesokunxele Rhine, futhi eziningi nezinye amabhizinisi.

Umsebenzi Ruhr

Mangisho ukuthi e-United States wazama ukuthola ebucayini empikiswaneni yokulungisa umonakalo ephakathi kweJalimane neFrance. Baze ahlinzekwa ukudala ikomiti ekhethekile, okwakuba khona kuyo ochwepheshe abazimele ngokwezimali. Lezi ochwepheshe okwakuyoba ukuhlolwa solvency Germany. Kodwa yokulungisa umonakalo Commission awazange alinde iziphetho ochwepheshe. Ekupheleni kuka-December 1922, wathatha ivoti, futhi yayo eyalandela yakhipha isahlulelo esithi wonke Germany sahluleka ukufeza isibopho yayo ukukhokha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwase ngokuzenzakalelayo eJalimane. Ngenxa yalesi sinqumo uvotele eFrance, e-Italy ne-Belgium. Ukukhombisa ukuphikisana nalokhu, kuphela United Kingdom uthathé isinyathelo. Kulesi simo, nemibandela iSivumelwano SaseVersailles wabapha amandla okuba yokuvinjezelwa isiFulentshi Rhineland.

Ngo-January 1923, amabutho Belgian futhi French langena endaweni Ruhr. Italy futhi ngokomthetho wasekela nomsebenzi, kodwa empeleni iqhaza akazange athathe. Ruhr, njengoba ingxenye amaningi ezimbonini yezwe, likhishwa endaweni ethile ye-Germany. Le ndawo waqunywa wasuka lonke umnotho German futhi ilahlekelwe bonke ubuhlobo bayo izivumelwano nokusebenza nalo.

nokwehla kwezomnotho

Ngabe yini umphumela we iSivumelwano SaseVersailles, okwaholela umsebenzi Rhineland? Mangisho ukuthi lesi sehlakalo kuye kwavusa i enkingeni engakaze ibonwe eJalimane. I kazwelonke lwemali German zigoqiwe ngobusuku obubodwa, futhi izikweletu ezingenamsebenzi ngokuphelele. Izwe okuye kwavula ngayo uvalo elahlasela kokubili kumasegmenti empofu kakhulu yenhloko-labantu, futhi esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo.

Ukuthi lapha futhi siyiswa khona izenzo yokungalaleli civil ke wakhula waba mass imiboniso emelene nohulumeni kanye ukuphazamiseka ithi angaphandle. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo 1923, bomnotho kwaholela ukwesula uwuhulumeni ophethwe Vilgelmom Kuno. Abezombusazwe baqala ukukhuluma esiyindilinga entsha ye ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso.

inqubomgomo Ngemva kwempi German

umbimbi Owabe hhayi bahlangana ndawonye imibono yabo mayelana Rhine zone steel kunengxabano phakathi kwabo. Lingabacindezeli eJalimane wasebenzisa lezi ukuphikisana esivuna yayo. Kuye sizongena ne omunye, wonke umuntu ngaleyo ndlela yokulutha. Ngenxa iSivumelwano SaseVersailles ngokwayo kwesokunxele bacishe bayifunda yonke emandleni ezempi yezwe, okwakubekelwa kubhekwe wanqoba. Futhi ngenkathi umbimbi babehilelekile izingobe, Germany wakha amandla ezingaba khona zokushaywa emisha futhi enamandla angaphezulu.

imiphumela engemihle zombusazwe Versailles Ukuthula iSivumelwano baphetha ngokuthi umehluko phakathi bonke abalingani lujule. Lokhu kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ku ubudlelwano of naseFrance, nase-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokushesha ukufaka umfutho kuwukuphikisana phakathi izinhlelo ezimbili ezahlukene - the sezenhlalo kanye zama-Capitalist. Isivumelwano saqeda at Versailles, yayihloselwe ukuqeda impi, kodwa ekugcineni kwamenza waba kosongo uhlanganyela emhlabeni wonke.