Ukusebenza ogandaganda. Ukubalwa ukusebenza ngogandaganda

Lapho ukuthuthukiswa imisele, imigodi kanye izindunduma ezifanele ukusebenzisa iqoqo imishini ngogandaganda, uma ibanga isilinganiso sleigh longitudinal noma transverse ingeqi amamitha 100. Ukukhetha imodeli ofanele kakhulu imishini ekhethekile, kubalulekile ukuba uqhathanise ukusebenza ogandaganda nge class ehlukene traction kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene imishini emsebenzini.

I ethembisayo izimoto kwi Umhambisi ithrekhi. Technique ukuhambisa funa womoya kancane. Lapho kubalwa ukusebenza Earthmovers kumelwe acabangele sezwe, ngesimo somsebenzi nezinye izinto.

ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana ogandaganda

Bulldozer - Earthmovers ngoba layering ukuthuthukiswa kanye zokuthutha zenhlabathi, ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo abakhase noma irabha-ukhathele ugandaganda nge esikhiphekayo esinanyathiselwe imishini ukusebenza - blade (isihlangu flat enamaphiko futhi ohlangothini), uzimele futhi imishini ayo. Technique lisetshenzisiwe non-rotatable futhi ikhaba yokunyathelisa. Esimweni sokuqala, imishini ukusebenza itholakala perpendicular eksisi longitudinal, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuhambisa afanayo inhlabathi nje phambi umshini. Ukusebenza nge ogandaganda, angledozers kakhulu kunalokhu, njengoba lezi zinto ayakwazi ukuthuthela bubheke phansi i-engela degrees 60, okuvumela umsebenzi ukuhlela anolaka.

blade ukulawula indlela kungaba intambo-futhi uvimbele wokubacindezela. Uhlobo ukuphathwa ukusebenza wesibili, ngoba ikuvumela ukuphoqelela ikhaba bangcwabe phansi.

Yokudonsa ekilasini umshini

Ngosizo ogandaganda kwenziwe kuze kube u-40% ngesikhathi kuvubukulwa esakhiweni. Ziyakwazi ngempumelelo kakhulu ibanga isilinganiso VOZKO longitudinal futhi transverse kusuka ngamamitha 100 kuya ku-150. Ngesikhathi imishini imishini zokulahla ekhethekile dustpan uhlobo ezahlukene ngempumelelo Ukuthwala nenhlabathi sandy inyuka 200 meters. Umngcele we-main ukuthi kuthinta ukusebenza traction ekilasini - amandla ngawo umhlabathi kungaba aqhubekele phambili ngogandaganda. izici Technical wemishini nomthelela ivolumu emhlabeni wathutha afanayo ukusebenza. Ngaphansi le ndlela, bonke ogandaganda zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

1. Khanyisa, traction amandla okuyinto kN angaphansi kuka-60. Zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi imisebenzi ukulungiselela, ezolimo kanye izinsizakalo.
2. Isilinganiso, ngebutho edonsa ka 100-150 kN. Isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa inhlabathi amaqembu 1-3 ne ziba ngcono ukuthethwa kwecala.
3. Heavy, traction amandla idlula 250 kN. Zisetshenziswa ukuthuthukiswa idwala aminyene futhi eliqinile.

Ogandaganda asetshenziswa lihambisana namanye imishini emhlabeni ezinyakaza. Zingasetshenziswa njengoba pusher ngokuba scrapers self ezinezinjini bese udonsa-hlobo. Ngokuvamile, iqoqo imishini ngogandaganda kuhlanganisa rammer futhi Ripper.

Izimo letitsintsa ukusebenza

Ukubala ogandaganda ukusebenza, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele Izakhiwo kanye mechanical array ukuthuthuka emhlabeni, kanye nezimo zendawo. The main izakhiwo physico-mechanical inhlabathi zihlanganisa:

• ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana ukusatshalaliswa - usayizi ratio isisindo izinhlayiya inhlabathi;
• inhlanganiso - nenqwaba inhlabathi iyunithi umthamo yayo ngayinye;
• porosity - inombolo voids phakathi okusanhlamvu, wezwakalisa njengoba amaphesenti ngesilinganiso;
• plasticity - umswakama ezahlukene, lapho primer anezakhi plastic kanye engahlali ukunyakaza isimo uketshezi;
• ukuvuvukala - zobumba afanayo ikhono anda ivolumu uma ogelezayo nokumanzisa;
• i-engeli friction yangaphakathi - ukugunda ukumelana izinhlayiya inhlabathi.

Imibandela yendawo ezithinta ukusebenza ogandaganda, ezihlanganisa isimo impumuzo futhi izici kwezobuchwepheshe esakhiweni. On the kwesigaba flat futhi iqonde nge ibanga ubuncane ijubane lateral ukusebenza isihlibhi lingaphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izindawo elinamagquma.

Ukubalwa ogandaganda ukusebenza

Bulldozer Ukusebenza kuncika uhlobo umsebenzi owawenziwa. Kungaba emhlabeni-ezihambayo noma umsebenzi ukuhlela. Endabeni wangaphambili ukusebenza lubonakaliswa m ³ / h, okwesibili - ² m / h. Ukuhlolisisa imisebenzi earthmoving.

ukusebenza Operating kunqunywa ngevolumu emhlabeni afanayo ukuthi iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa futhi amabhasi ukuthutha per unit isikhathi, isb ihora elilodwa. Ukubalwa ukusebenza ngogandaganda is olwenziwa ifomula Ukuze abale ukusebenza eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kuze kube real, ukulungiswa izici yethulwe:

• k _y - umphumela emthambekeni ezisekelweni zobumba. Phakathi ukusebenza ku gradients kusuka 5-15% Inani senyukile kusuka 1.35 kuya 2.25; ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi izinga kuyanda kuyehla kusuka 0.67 kuya 0.4;
• k _ukuze - Inani, okuyinto uyakucabangela uma usebenzisa umshini (k = 0.8-0.9 _e);
• k _n - ukugcwalisa ratio ivolumu Jomethri ye umdwebo ka iphrizimu (k _n = 0.85-1.05).

Ukuze abale ukusebenza kufanele uqaphele ukuthi lingakanani umdwebo iphrizimu (V _c) nobude umjikelezo umshini yokusebenza (T _n).

Ukubalwa umdwebo nezibhebhe

Isici nobuntu umshini Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ebhakedeni ngogandaganda ihamba phansi efomini somdwebo okuthiwa. Umthamo amaphrizimu ibalwa ngefomula Lapha, V kanye H - nobude of ikhaba, ngokulandelana, akhawunti k _n Coefficient umhlaba ukulahlekelwa phakathi travel yayo, kulingana 0,85-1,05, k _p - degree of ziba ngcono inhlabathi.

umjikelezo isikhathi

Ukuze abale umjikelezo komsebenzi, okusho ukuthi isikhathi echitha ugandaganda ngogandaganda ukuthuthukisa ungqimba zenhlabathi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi wonke ubude VOZKO longitudinal noma transverse ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana. ubude Sheer ebalwe ifomula Lapha, l _p, l _n l _o = l _p + l _n - ubude izingxenye ahlabayo, ezihambayo array precoat futhi sibuyele isikhangiso futhi v _p, v _n futhi v _o - isivinini kungenzeka kulezizindawo. I Coefficient t _n uyakucabangela isikhathi ukuthi umshayeli okuchitha shift igiya ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. Kuvamise imizuzwana 15-20.

Ukusebenza ngogandaganda emsebenzini iphethini Wedge

Ukusetshenziswa V-wesifunda phansi isethi kungenzeka kuphela nalabo imishini anemisila wokubacindezela ukulawula blade indlela. Enjalo, isibonelo, ngogandaganda "Shantui SD32". Isici esiphawulekayo kumbiwa isimiso Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amandla ahlabayo kancane kancane sehle nge okwandisa nezibhebhe umdvwebo. Ekuqaleni zonke amabutho imishini okuhloswe ngaso ngibhapathiza ikhaba enhlabathini kumuntu ka Imi h _max futhi afanayo zobumba ukujula esiphezulu. Njengoba siqhubekela enhlabathini aqoqana ngogandaganda, ngenxa lapho ukumelana ukunyakaza iyakhula. Ukuze umsebenzi okunye umshayeli Kumele unyuse isicelo traction amandla noma ukwehlisa we cut ukujula.

I ukushuba we chips phansi

Ngokuvamile yakhetha samuntu yesibili, kodwa kulokhu izwe "elahlekile" ohlangothini sisenza (okubi ngogandaganda "Shantui"). Ukuze bavale isikhala lokhu kulahlekelwa, imoto yonke indlela traffic kumelwe inqunywe "chips ', okuyinto ibalwe ifomula Lapha, k _n - ukulungiswa ngenxa ukulahlekelwa kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi ezokuthutha, k _ave nezibhebhe ukudweba isilinganiso, okuyinto ethathwa izici zokusebenza umshini, L _n - ubude kwesigaba lapho inhlabathi ahlabayo kwenzeka. It lichazwa ngokuthi isilinganiso okukhiwa nezibhebhe ingxenye endaweni asethuthukile.

Ithonya uhlobo ukusebenza blade

Kuye izici phansi, kanye imisebenzi ngaphambi ngogandaganda is ifanelekile ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile zokulahla. Lokhu kuzokwenza anganciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezinto imisebenzi, kanye ukwandisa nekusebenta imishini.

blade Replaceable eline noma yimuphi umshini, kuhlanganise ngogandaganda, "Komatsu" e-Japan. Phakathi izinhlobo ezinkulu imishini umsebenzi wukunikeza:

• kulungiswa zenyathi, esetshenziselwa ukususwa izingqimba evundile yomhlaba, humus;
• zinhlobo ukuhambisa zamalahle chips izinkuni - esetshenziswa ukuxhashazwa amaminerali, has simise hemispherical futhi gidroperiskop;
• "Peat" okufana has a ukuphakama encishisiwe, kodwa obuphelele anda futhi esetshenziselwa x nokunonophala / ensimini;
• izindwani sesayithi ukulungiselela - ibhulashi bezihlahla kanye Isiqu somuthi, okuyinto zinama ngamazinyo ayatholakala V-shape kanye yakhelwe ukusula endaweni nezihlahla.

I eziphambili kakhulu (ngokuya kungenzeka ukubeka ezahlukene imishini yokusebenza) kuyinto ngogandaganda Japanese "Komatsu". Zonke onobuhle kungenziwa ifakwe imishini ekhethekile olunikezwa yimiphi zokulahla, obanika ngezinga eliphezulu ukusebenza futhi kwenza imishini jikelele esakhiweni.

Bulldozer ukusebenza ukubala kumele kwenziwe ukunciphisa izindleko yokwemba. Ngokusekelwe kulezi imiphumela singakhetha elilungile kakhulu imishini ekhethekile, okunciphisa ukukhiqizwa umsebenzi isikhathi bese ugcine imali eningi.