Ukuhlolwa kwegazi i-TB: izici, izinhlobo nencazelo

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza esithathwayo kanjani futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi i-TB. Le nqubo kuba lalivamile. Kuyinto impendulo zanamuhla lafananako ukuxilongwa kwesifo. Kodwa ziyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi? Hlobo luni izici ihlanganisani? Futhi njengoba isakhamuzi, ngokuvumelana Imiphumela ukuqonda, uma unesifo noma cha? Qonda yonke lena akuyona njengoba kunzima njengoba kubonakala. Akuthathi ngezinga zokwelapha ilungele imiphumela bafinyelele esiphethweni. Ngakho lokho ulwazi kufanele abe isakhamuzi maqondana ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba?

Mayelana nesifo

Ukuqala ukuqaqa, onjani sifo na? Into wukuthi TB - isifo okukhulu okuqhubekayo, kuyingozi enkulu futhi bathelela nabanye. Wadluliselwa amaconsi sisemoyeni noma zasendlini. Kuyinto evamile ngempela emhlabeni, kodwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa sofuba kunzima ngempela ukukhomba.

Lesi sifo uyakwazi hit zonke kwezitho zomzimba. Ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubikezela ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi uyoba yini umphumela. Ukuze lesi sifo, kuyadingeka uphenyo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi i-TB.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lesi sifo ingenye esithinta amaphaphu. Kuyinto nabo abaningi emphethweni Association. Kaningi ibonakalisa sifo kudidaniswe komkhuhlane. Isifo sofuba uqobo akusho ukubonwa sina. Ikakhulukazi kusaqalwa yentuthuko.

isifo uphethwe Izinhlobo

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi igama ukuhlolwa igazi i-TB. Ukuze ukwazi lokhu kubalulekile. Phela, uma ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi lesi sifo zivame ukufiphala futhi abantu sibhekene nemiphumela ongemuhle lesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi okwamanje kukhona izinhlobo eziningana uphethwe emhlabeni.

Miphi? Okulandelayo bungabonakala:

• Mantoux ukuhlolwa;
• isikhwehlela;
• bronchoscopy;
• ELISA;
• QuantiFERON-TB Gold;
• igra;
• PCR.

Kwezinye izimo, igazi eliphelele ukubala. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusaqalwa ukukhomba amathuba kokuba lesi sifo. Isiqinisekiso kwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa izindlela esishiwo ngaphambili. Abenyukela ngenye indlela, okuyinto ingena esikhundleni ukuhlolwa igazi sofuba - Diaskintest. Akayena nabo igazi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyasiza ukuthola tubercle imbewu eletha emzimbeni womuntu. Anakho eziningi ngebuhle nebubi. ERussia, ke yethulwa ngo-2016.

IFA

Manje okuncane mayelana nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Phela, basuke kubhekwe ukuba ulwazi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, leli gama lisikisela cwaningo-EIA. ukuhlolwa okunjalo igazi sofuba wembula khona amasosha omzimba ngokumelene tubercle bacilli.

Ngomqondo onabile, hhayi inketho okubi kakhulu. Zonke badinga ukwenza nesineke - uhlolo igazi. Ngokuvamile ukuthatha emithambo yegazi, kunikeza yi esinembile. Ngeshwa, kubhekwa ukuba IFA akuyona kakhulu ulwazi. Phela, kulolu cwaningo akunakwenzeka ukusho lokho nesigaba lesi sifo, uma ikhona. Kodwa inqubo enjalo ezazizosiza, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, ukuze uveze khona amasosha isifo emzimbeni.

Ngenhlanhla, imithi akusho yima, kunezinye izindlela ukuthola lesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igazi eziphathelene ne-. Yiziphi ngebuhle nebubi abanalo? Kanjani bachitha? Singabonisa kanjani ukuqonda ukuthi yini umuntu egula?

PCR ukuhlola

Okuningi ulwazi kanye ngempumelelo ukuhlaziywa igazi PCR sofuba. Kuyinto indlela yesimanje okuvumela ukucacisa khona imbewu eletha tubercle. Kakhulu ulwazi, uma isifundo ingathathwa igazi, futhi phlegm.

Ngokuvamile, i-PCR uphethwe kuboniswa izimpawu ezisolisayo athé efana sofuba. Nokho, njengoba odokotela bethi, isifundo endabeni yegazi akukuniki 100% Imiphumela. Kungenzeka kuphela uma isiguli sepsis tuberculous. Kungenjalo, igazi PCR ukuthola akuyona ukusebenza high.

Mantu

Yini okunye okufanele banake? Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesikhathi sofuba ezinganeni, njengoba umthetho, akuyona kwenziwe. Ngokuvamile, basuke inikezwa okuthiwa Mantoux test. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe kuvumela okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa hhayi 100% ukuthola ubukhona sifo.

iyona ukuhlaziywa kanjani? Ingane iqondiswa phansi kwesikhumba ngumuntu ekwakhiweni ekhethekile. Okulandelayo, udinga izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze bagcine indawo umjovo. Uma i-TB alikho, kule ndawo izohlala ingashintshiwe. Omunye kungaba kuphela uqaphela ukuvuvukala kancane futhi ashintshe umbala kwesikhumba - liyoba pink ngaphezulu.

Ephambi kwezinduna sofuba siyakhukhumala isayithi umjovo, ukuvuvukala, isimila ziqala ukumila. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuthathe umbala cyanotic. Kulesi simo, ingane kabusha, misa nesiphuku. Noma is a test igazi sofuba (ELISA noma i-PCR), okufakazela noma refutes umphumela isampuli.

Mantu kuyinto ngezinye izikhathi iyiphutha

Nokho, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukuhlolwa Mantoux - lena akuyona indlela engcono ukuxilonga sofuba emzimbeni. Into wukuthi lokhu ukuhlaziywa ngokuvamile iphutha.

Ikhona yini enye indlela esingayenza ukuhumusha ukuhlaziya? Sokuqonda omuhle Mantoux test ilula. Kungaba kwenzeka lapho:

• exacerbation Ezivamile izifo ezingamahlalakhona;
• somoya;
• komzimba;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo;
• amasosha omzimba buthakathaka;
• isithuthwane.

Ngakho, ngisho amasampula omuhle akusho ukunikeza inkomba okunembile khona lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa igazi for TB Mantoux esikhundleni libonakala ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana futhi ulwazi. Kuyadingeka ukuba aqede zonke zimo ngaphambili efakwe ohlwini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, asinakuba ukwahlulela khona lesi sifo.

Qedela segazi

Uma ukuhlolwa Mantoux sasikhuthaza, akufanele babuze ukwethuka. Kuye kuthiwe ukuthi le ndlela ukuthi uphethwe yini engcono. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukuhlolwa igazi. isifo sofuba yamaphaphu (hhayi kuphela) zikhona izinguquko ezithile emzimbeni. Miphi?

Into wukuthi emabangeni sokuqala begazi awushintshanga zinjalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya Imininingwane noma emitholampilo akwenzi mqondo. Kuye "ukunganaki" isifo, izoshintsha labo noma ezinye izinkomba. kwegazi Jikelele sofuba ngezinye izikhathi kuyasiza ngempela ukwenza khona noma ukungabi khona kwezifo.

Noma kunjalo, kuphela Akubalulekile ancike. Phela, igazi ngezithako zawo kuyahlukahluka, kuye ngezici izinto eziningi. Kuyancomeka noma ELISA ukuhlola noma i-PCR. Kodwa futhi ukuhlaziywa jikelele igazi, futhi, kufanele kukhunjulwe.

Kulungiswa yokuhlaziya jikelele

On okuyinto izinkomba ongazibheka uma kukhona okungenzeka ukutheleleka tuberculous? Nge esigabeni asebenzayo lesi sifo CBC kuzosiza ngempela ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini egazini umshayeli.

Kanjani ncamashi? ESR lusemqoka. Ngokuvamile, umuntu lesi sibalo kuzoncika ubudala. Kumele esekelwe idatha elandelayo:

• izingane kuze kube iminyaka engu-10 - kufike ku-10 mm / h;
• abesifazane kuze kube iminyaka engu-50 - kufike ku-20 mm / h;
• abesifazane emva 50 - 30 mm / h;
• Amadoda kuze kube iminyaka engu-50 - 15 mm / ihora esiphezulu;
• ngemuva 50 - 20 mm / h.

Noma kunjalo, ESR kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abagulayo wande. Ngo sofuba, ngokuvamile Inkomba kwandisa kuze kufinyelele amayunithi mayelana 50 noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sinake kukho. Uma i-erythrocyte sedimentation izinga egazini kuzidlula kuyinsakavukela khona, kumele kuphetfwe awokuthi ukusilaphazeka.

Izici test igazi

Iziphi izici okufanele kubhekwe, uma isinqumo ukuqhuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe mayelana nokuba khona isifo ngaphansi cwaningo? Ukuhlolwa kwegazi i-TB Mantoux esikhundleni kaningi. Kodwa ngaleso ELISA efanayo futhi PCR ngokuvamile akwanele ukuze kuhlonzwe sokugcina. Qedela segazi akulona ngokugcwele sikhombisa isithombe okwenzekayo emzimbeni.

Kufanele sinake ukuthi udokotela uma usola khona tubercle bacilli emzimbeni uqoka ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi. Ungase futhi wenze ucwaningo ehlukene khona amaprotheni. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uqinisekise imiphumela.

Uma i-TB, kodwa ifomu ngasebenzi, ingxenye amaprotheni kuzoba imithetho nokwabela abantu indawo. Ifomu acute lesi sifo kwandisa cholesterol, urea, futhi lysozyme. Kulokhu-albumin ngabe zingancishiswa.

Isifo esithinta isibindi, kwandisa izinkomba ezifana AST, ALT futhi bilirubin. Konke lokhu lapho umuntu ehlolwa igazi, kuyilapho isivivinyo Mantoux alinikezi imininingwane enjalo. Leli qiniso kufanele kubhekwe.

Diaskintest

Manje kuyacaca ukuthi uma kukhona okubakhathazayo ngaye ukutholakala sifo ifundelwe emzimbeni mayelana, ungathatha ukuhlolwa igazi i-TB. Futhi, oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo futhi ucwaningo jikelele babelwe owengeziwe. Konke lokhu kuyasiza icubungulisise ukuhlola isimo futhi wenze isiphetho mayelana nokuba khona lesi sifo emzimbeni.

Noma kunjalo, abaningi namuhla ukhuluma ngani uhlobo olusha ukuhlola i-TB, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba hhayi uxhumane reagent ngegazi. Sikhuluma mayelana Diaskintest esishiwo ngaphambili. Lona esikhundleni isiphuku. Ingabe kufanele ngikukholelwe kulolu cwaningo? Yiziphi ngebuhle nebubi ukuthini?

Le ndlela ukuxilongwa ivumela hhayi mbeni igazi - lokhu isivele kugcizelelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho umzimba buthaka akukho amathuba isifo. Diaskintest Sibekezele ukhumbuza nesiphuku. Ucwaningo iyadingeka ukuze afeze unyaka ngamunye. Ngokuvamile njalo ezinyangeni 12 ngoba abantu abasukela eminyakeni engama-8 kuya kwezingu-17.

Nokho, abaningi iphuzu yokuthi lolu hlobo test umzimba ebukhoneni sofuba akuyona eqondile kakhulu. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, njengoba ekuhlolweni Mantoux, izici eziningana okungenzeka ukunikeza umphumela omuhle zamanga. Futhi umuntu oqokwe noma kabusha cwaningo, ukuhlolwa igazi sofuba.

isiphetho

Manje kuyacaca ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuba abone khona isifo ngaphansi cwaningo esebenzisa cwaningo ahlukahlukene. QuantiFERON-TB Gold futhi igra - asivamile nazo umkhuba kwegazi indlela. Zimelela ukuhlolwa, ebonisa amazinga omzimba futhi khona isifo. ERussia, cishe akazange asebenzise.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ngisho jikelele kanye kwamakhemikhali kwegazi lisize TB ecaleni inikezwe. Enough ukuba banake ezinye izinkomba. Bona ziyophulwa. ESR ngempela ngcono sofuba. Ngokuvamile, udokotela kuphela ungakwazi ngesisekelo izifundo eziningana ukwenza isiphetho olunembile. Ukuze uqinisekise uphethwe, ungathatha ukuhlaziya akuyona igazi, futhi phlegm.