Ukuhlolwa umfutholuketshezi of amapayipi Ukushisa izinhlelo

ukusebenza kuphela serviceable nokunokwethenjelwa kohlelo bafudumale liyakwazi ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi ezolile futhi evamile kubalulekile sabantu phakathi nobusika. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene izimo zinzima ngokwedlulele, lapho umsebenzi wehlelo lefundo kungahluka kakhulu kusukela imvelo zomsebenzi. ukuhlolwa umfutholuketshezi ka ahamba ingcindezi ongahlola ngazo ezidingekile ukuze uvimbele izimo ezingase ziphakame isizini Ukushisa.

Injongo ukuhlolwa wokubacindezela

Njengomthetho, yiluphi uhlelo Ukushisa isebenza kwimodi ejwayelekile. Ukusebenza kokupholisayo ingcindezi kule izakhiwo ongaphakeme liphumele ngokuyinhloko 2 atm, ezakhiweni ayisishiyagalolunye storey - 5-7 izikhathi eziphindwe, e eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo - 7-10 atm. Uhlelo Ukushisa wabeka ngaphanzi komhlaba, inkomba ingcindezi kungenzeka kufika ku-12 atm.

Ngezikhathi ezithile esingalindelekile ingcindezi iphakama zenzeka eholela ukwanda yayo inethiwekhi. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka isando amanzi. Umfutholuketshezi ukuhlolwa Ukushisa amapayipi kubalulekile ukuhlola uhlelo, hhayi kuphela ikhono usebenze kwezimo ezivamile ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi ekhonweni ayo ukuba anqobe umfutho okhuphuka ngokungazelelwe.

Uma nganoma isiphi isizathu uhlelo Ukushisa hhayi sivivinywa ke uthuthumele kamuva wokubacindezela kungadala izingozi ezinkulu eziholela Gulf amanzi abilayo izindawo, imishini, ifenisha, njll

Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe umsebenzi

ukuhlolwa umfutholuketshezi of amapayipi yoba ukulandelana elandelayo.

• Ukuhlanzwa amapayipi.
• Ukufakwa Cranes, plugs kanye Izikali.
• Xhuma amanzi a umshini wokubacindezela.
• Pipelines zigcwele amanzi nenani oyifunayo.
• Hlola amapayipi kanye uphawu izindawo lapho kukhona ukukhubazeka.
• Ukuqedwa zamehlo.
• Kuphethe Wesivivinyo yesibili.
• Ukunqamula esuka amanzi kanye ukudedelwa kwamanzi kusukela piping.
• Ukususa CAPS futhi Izikali.

umsebenzi wokwenza amalungiselelo

Ngaphambi ukwenza isivivinyo wokubacindezela of amapayipi Ukushisa izinhlelo, kubalulekile ukwenza ehloliwe zonke valve, ugcwalise valve ku lwezimpawu. Pipeline ukhandwa futhi ihlolwe ukwahlukanisa. I kakhulu bafudumale system kumele uhlukane komsele main ngokusebenzisa Imigudu.

Phela manipulations kudingekile bafudumale system ugcwele amanzi. Esebenzisa imishini ukudonsa kudala overpressure, yokusebenza izinga layo lingaphezulu cishe 1.3-1.5 izikhathi. Umfutho ohlelweni Ukushisa kumele igcinwe namanje 30 amaminithi. Uma kungakabi kwehle, uhlelo Ukushisa ilungele ukusebenza. Ukwemukelwa isebenza wokubacindezela ingcindezi ukuhlolwa lucwaningo wokuhlola Ukushisa amanethiwekhi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-amandla futhi yobunzima

ukuhlolwa kwesikhashana futhi ukwamukelwa piping wokubacindezela (SNP 3.05.04-85) kufanele kwenziwe ngokulandelana.

amandla

1. Ingcindezi iphayiphi liphuma ukuhlola (P _i) ngokumpompa amanzi futhi zigcinwe angu-10. Ungavumeli ukucindezelwa ukuncishiswa kuka-1 kgf / m ² (0.1 MPA).
2. Ingcindezi test kuyehla kube umklamo (P _p) we kwangaphakathi, bese-ke kusekelwa esebenzisa amanzi afakwe. Pipeline wokuhlola esenzelwe komnikelo ngesikhathi edingekayo ukuze lokhu kuhlolwa.
3. Ukuphazamiseka kwekhono wathola kuyaqedwa ke kabusha wokubacindezela test ingcindezi iphayiphi. Kungemva kwalokho uqala ukuhlola ukuvuza.

impermeability

1. Ingcindezi iphayiphi ikhuphukela ukubaluleka isivivinyo ukuvuza (P _g).
2. Fixed sokuqala test (T _m), endaweni wokulinganisa ithangi kulinganiswa kokuqala izinga lamanzi (h _n).
3. Khona-ke wenza okwashiwo ukwehla ingcindezi exponent iphayiphi.

Kukhona okuthathu ongakukhetha ingcindezi iconsi amagugu ababheke ukuphi.

lokuqala

Uma imizuzu phezu 10, ukucindezela wehlise izinga amamaki esingaphansi 2 esikalini gauge, kodwa ingaphansi ibalwa yangaphakathi (P _p), khona-ke kungenzeka ukuqedela observation.

yesibili

Uma emva kwemizuzu 10 ingcindezi ukubaluleka iconsi lingaphansi kuka 2 emamaki manometer isikali ke ukuqapha ukwehla ingcindezi kuya kwangaphakathi (P _{p) ibalwa} kufanele uqhubeke kuze kufike isikhathi lapho angawi hhayi ngaphansi kuka 2 emamaki gauge esikalini.

Isikhathi observation ukuze amapayipi ukhonkolo kumele singeqi 3 amahora, ukusakaza-yensimbi, steel, asbestos usimende amapayipi - 1 ihora. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, ingcindezi kumele kungancipha emklamweni (P _p), ngaphandle kwalokho Setha kabusha eyenziwe amanzi amapayipi ngethangi wokulinganisa.

wesithathu

Uma imizuzu phezu 10, lokhu kucindezela kuzokwanda kube ngaphansi kuka-ukubala yangaphakathi (P _p) kanye eminye test amapayipi wokubacindezela Ukushisa izinhlelo kufanele sime futhi athathe izinyathelo ezifanele ukuze kuqedwe ukukhubazeka esicashile ngokulondoloza tube ngaphansi yangaphakathi design ingcindezi (P _p) kuze kufike isikhathi lapho ukuhlolisisa wembula akukho ukukhubazeka ukuthi kuzokwenza okuya ingcindezi iphayiphi akwamukeleki.

Ukunqunywa ivolumu ezengeziwe yamanzi

Ngemva kokuphothulwa okwashiwo Inkomba ingcindezi Iconsi samuntu sokuqala futhi ayeke wokuqhuba kokupholisayo e samuntu yesibili ukwenze lokhu okulandelayo.

• Esebenzisa lokuvula kwesigubhu ntathu amanzi ukugandeleleka inyuka iphayiphi kunani at ukuhlolwa wokubacindezela (P _g).
• Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhumbule isikhathi lapho phezu ukuhlolwa yobunzima (T _k).
• Okulandelayo, udinga ukukala ngethangi wokulinganisa final ezingeni amanzi h _k.
• Ukuze sithole isikhathi of the test piping (T _k -t _n), imiz.
• Bala ivolumu akhishwa up kusuka ethangini lamanzi ntathu Q (I-samuntu 1st).
• Tfola umehluko phakathi amavolumu akhishwa up futhi akhishwe amapayipi amanzi noma umthamo wamanzi Defined Q ezengeziwe (I-samuntu 2nd).
• Bala langempela ukugeleza rate ukujova amanzi eyengeziwe (q _n) ngokufaka le _{ndlela elandelayo: q n = Q / (T} k -t n)

kwenta tinhlaka isenzo

Ubufakazi bokuthi yonke umsebenzi kuyisenzo le wokubacindezela piping ukuhlolwa yayiqhutshelwa. Le dokhumenti iyawakha ngumhloli futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa kuhambisana yonke imithetho nokulungisa, nokuthi uhlelo Ukushisa oye wamelana nazo ngokuphumelelayo.

ukuhlolwa umfutholuketshezi of amapayipi kungaba kwenziwe ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Ingcindezi indlela - ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi Izikali, amathuluzi irekhodi ingcindezi ukufundwa. Phakathi ukusebenza la amadivayisi abonisa ingcindezi wamanje ohlelweni bafudumale. Ayeba ukuhlolwa wokubacindezela of amapayipi ingcindezi gauge ivumela abahloli ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iyiphi izinga ingcindezi ubelokhu sokuhlola. Ngakho, unjiniyela uwoyela umhloli ihlola indlela enokwethenjelwa isivivinyo wenza.
2. indlela Hydrostatic kubhekwa ephumelela kunazo, kuvumela ukuhlola uhlelo Ukushisa ukusebenza ngesikhathi ingcindezi ukuthi idlula isilinganiso yokusebenza izinga 50%.

Izakhi ezihlukahlukene kusistimu ihlolwe ngesikhathi ezahlukene, lapho ukuhlolwa wokubacindezela of amapayipi akakwazi eside isikhathi esingaphansi ngisho kwemizuzu 10. Ngo Ukushisa izinhlelo kubhekwa kuvunyelwe ingcindezi iconsi Inkomba 0.02 MPA.

Isimo esiyinhloko ukuqala isizini Ukushisa ziqhutshwa kahle futhi ngendlela efanele yakhelwe ukuhlolwa wokubacindezela of amapayipi (SNIP 3.05.04-85), ngokuhambisana nezidingo imibhalo zokulawula zamanje.