Driopithecus: inkathi yokuphila, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye nezici

Kwasukasukela (ngesikhathi Upper Miocene) ezindaweni eMpumalanga ye-Afrika Northern elaseNdiya kuhlale izidalwa, mhlawumbe nababengaphambi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo abantu yesimanje. Kamuva babendlala e-Asia naseYurophu. Kwakumelwe driopithecus.

Le ndatshana izozama ukuphendula imibuzo ezihlobene nalezi zidalwa eziphakeme: lokho driopithecus, inkathi yokuphila, izindawo, izici kwesakhiwo, futhi ufunde ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nentuthuko sonke isintu.

Kancane ngomlando kwemvelo eMhlabeni

Kuqhathaniswa wonke umlando wesintu, inkathi ephakeme eyathatha isikhathi eside (70 - 1 million amalitha edlule ..).

Futhi ukubaluleka kwalesi sikhathi konke kuwo wonke umlando Zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni zezitshalo nezilwane, nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwakukhona izinguquko eziningi e-ukubukeka embulungeni yonke: kwakukhona izindawo ezisezintabeni, amatheku, imifula nolwandle, esishintshile kakhulu ucacisa cishe wonke amazwekazi. Noma yimuphi ezintabeni: eCaucasus, izintaba zase-Alps, ama-Carpathians, waba nokuvusa ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi Eshiya (Pamir kanye zaseHimalaya).

Ushintsho E-yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intuthuko iye kwaba nezinguquko kule yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Kube ukubusa izilwane (ezincelisayo). Futhi kubalulekile kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo ngayo ukuthi ekupheleni kwesikhathi ephakeme kokuba ngukhokho abaseduze yomuntu yesimanje. Phakathi kwabo driopithecus, ngesikhathi ukuphila cishe 9 million. Iminyaka.

On the embonweni ongenasisekelo womsuka wendaba womuntu

Ekupheleni ukuthuthukiswa jikelele lomuntu eziphilayo kwaphakama inqubo. Ihlanganisa ezingeni eliphakeme ukuthuthukiswa. Ngubani umuntu kuphela Emhlabeni ukubukwa - «Homo sapiens» (ngendlela ehlukile - "Homo sapiens").

Ngokuvamile, kukhona yemibono eminingi ecatshangelwayo azalelwa abantu. Ngokusho imiqondo inkolo, konke, kuhlanganise nabantu, adalwe kaNkulunkulu (Allah) enhlabathini (inhlabathi ezimanzi). Ekuqaleni, the Sun Nomhlaba zadalwa, khona-ke amanzi, inhlabathi, inyanga, izinkanyezi, futhi ekugcineni le izilwane. Ngemva kwalokho, kwaba khona u-Adamu wayesenza u-Eva umngane wakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, esigabeni sokugcina - umsuka abanye abantu. Kamuva, ukuthuthukiswa isayensi kukhona nombono omusha empikiswaneni ukuvela womuntu.

Ngokwesibonelo, usosayensi Swedish Onomusa (1735) wadala uhlelo kwazo zonke izinto ezikhona ophilayo. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu yena zikhonjwe wezinkawu (isigaba ezincelisayo) futhi wanika igama "Homo sapiens."

I semvelo French zh. B. Lamark, futhi, umbono ngemvelaphi abantu kusukela kwenkawu.

Kokumethemba nabantu ngokuvumelana nokuthunywa Darwin - driopithecus (Miocene sikhathi sokuphila).

Izigaba zokuphila komuntu ababengaphambi futhi amagama abo

Ngokusho nocwaningo lwanamuhla kwezazi zemivubukulo, abaqalisi phansi ekhuluma ngabantu basendulo - ezincelisayo bakudala (izinambuzane), okuyinto emenza parapithecus subfamily.

Ngaphambi uyazi ukuthi ubani driopithecus (ngesikhathi besaphila), ukunikeza incazelo yezinye zenyathi.

I parapithecus ukuvela kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni eziyizigidi ezingu-35 edlule. Lokhu okuthiwa ukhuni inkawu, okuyindawo asungula yesimanje ama-orangutan, ama-gibbon anezintende futhi driopithecus.

Kuyini driopithecus? It poludrevesnye futhi polunazemnye nezidalwa uvele iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-18 edlule. Bona emenza Australopithecus, gorilla yesimanje kanye nama-chimpanzee.

Australopithecus yena, ukuba iminyaka 5 noma ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingu edlule emathafeni Afrika. Bona kakade kwase kakhulu izinkawu ezihambayo ku 2 indluzelekazi imilenze, kodwa isikhundla isigamu-insaliwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwavula okubizwa ngokuthi i-Homo habilis.

"Homo habilis" kwamiswa 3 million eminyakeni edlule. He kubhekwa ngukhokho archanthropines. Kuyinto kulesigaba kwakufanele ibe abantu, kusukela ngalesi sikhathi zavezwa amathuluzi lokuqala lasekuqaleni. Archanthropines ngabhekana iziqalo yokukhuluma, futhi bengasebenzisa umlilo.

Kwakukhona abantu basendulo - AmaNeanderthal (paleanthropic).

Phakathi nale nkathi, lapho kakade babengamadoda nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi: abesifazane wahlanganyela ukucutshungulwa isilwane kwezidumbu, lokuqoqa izitshalo ezidliwayo, futhi kwamadoda ayenza ukuzingela nokwenza amathuluzi nokuzingela.

Futhi-ke, ekugcineni, abantu Modern (noma Neanthropines) - Cro-Magnons. Ziyakwazi abameleli Homo sapiens, wabonakala kungathi izinkulungwane 50. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule futhi wahlala kwamaqembu. Bakhandwa wahlanganyela kwezolimo, izilwane ezifuywayo. Kwakukhona ekuqaleni isiko nenkolo.

Driopithecus: inkathi yokuphila, izindawo, izici kwesakhiwo

Izinsalela zalesi zinhlobo ezatholakala Miocene futhi Pliocene imali. Phakathi kwabo, ngokuvumelana iqiniso ososayensi abambalwa kuphela - amadlozi lezimfene kwezinkawu umuntu ngokwakhe.

Babehlala e-Western Europe (18.9 mln. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule). Kube eqinisekisa okutholakele efanayo eMpumalanga Afrika kanye North India. Bobabili ababukeka ekuziphatheni, bona ayefana ncamashi chimpanzee nama-gorilla, kodwa kancane bakudala more.

amaqiniso Ababaningi kakhulu walondoloza ukuba yahlulele ngokunembile endaweni yazo nemikhuba. Bathi nje ukunikeza umbono ngendlela yokuthola ukuphila okunenjongo driopithecus (sikhathi sokuphila, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, ukudla, njll). Cishe, babe sebedla izimila ikakhulukazi ezahlukene (amajikijolo asendle, izithelo, amakhambi), futhi wahlala nje phezu kwezihlahla.

izici zayo zangaphandle nokuziphatha zifana chimpanzee yesimanje nezimfene: befika i ubude obuphakathi nendawo ngamasentimitha angu-60, futhi esisindo zazisuka 20 kuya 35 kg. Ngokuphathelene izindlela zokuhamba driopithecus zifane gibbon anezintende yesimanje kanye orangutan.

Basuke izimpawu ukuthuthukiswa kangcono nasemilenzeni engenhla, walahlekelwa kwabo iqhaza ukunyakaza kwabo.

Kukhona futhi izici ekhethekile: babenesifiso umbono Binocular kanye sezinzwa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo.

Okwakushiwo "driopithecus"

Igama driopithecus ( «Dryopithecinae») livela esiGrekini «drýs» - esihlahleni nenkawu ku «píthekos», nezinkawu ie abahlala izihlahla.

izimpawu ezivamile ezilwaneni nakubantu

Driopithecus - subfamily yokuqothulwa we nezinkawu okukhulu. Ukutholakala sokuqala ngqá leli ezimbiwa phansi kwenzeka ngo 1856 eFrance ngonyaka Saint-ezifakwa engu-izigidi ezingu-15 kuya ku-18 iminyaka. Ubani owayazi mayelana Darwin wayekholelwa driopithecus kukhokho oyedwa kokubili abantu kanye nezinkawu laba balobi abakuloba (Africa) - chimpanzee nama-gorilla.

Mayelana nobuhlobo driopithecus nabantu uveza isakhiwo yomhlathi amazinyo sihlanganise izici kokubili abantu nezinkawu yakhe futhi. Amazinyo babe driopithecus eliyisisekelo ephansi efana kakhulu isakhiwo molars womuntu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amazinyo khona izici ezithile ejwayelekile ngaphezulu lezimfene laba balobi abakuloba athuthukile kakhulu.

Esiseduzane abantu - Darwin driopithecus, inkathi lapho - Middle Miocene. Isidumbu sayo atholakele e-Austria.

Ngakolunye abameleli banamuhla inkawu uhlobo

"Umfowenu Omncane" amadlozi zabantu ngendlela engenathemba ngemuva, futhi wahlala kolunye uhlangothi indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezisuka kwenkawu ukuba indoda. Ezinye kwezinhlobo inkawu (ekupheleni kwesikhathi ephakeme), ngaphezulu ingashintshwa kuphela ukuphila kuphela izihlahla, ngakho inamathelisiwe unaphakade Rainforest.

Ukuthuthukiswa nezinye izinkawu eziphambili emzabalazweni khona uye kwaholela ekwandeni ngobukhulu umzimba wabo, ukuhlanganiswa kwabo. Ngakho, kwakukhona Meganthropus omkhulu futhi Gigantopithecus. izinsalela zabo zitholakale aseningizimu yeChina kuphela. Yohlobo olufanayo nama-gorilla yesimanje. Futhi amandla abo kanye nosayizi ngenkathi ezihlala ehlathini wakhula ngezithukuthuku futhi alimaze ukuvela ingqondo.

isiphetho

Kusenabantu abaningi nezindaba ezingakaxazululwa futhi izimpendulo kubo ngemvelaphi nokuthuthuka yomuntu. Mhlawumbe ama-discovery amasha kwezinsalela ukusiza bona ubhalelwa ukuyiphendula.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinsalela kwenkawu ngisho Georgia zisanda ezitholakele. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kuba lolu hlobo ONOS ukuba driopithecus, futhi wanikwa udabnopiteka igama (ngegama Udabno izindawo).