Ukulwa Amathe - isikhali ukufa

Emlandweni izikhali zonke ezisika nhlangothi zombili Ufake owaqalwa bagogoda yakhe - lena namathe ezivamile kwezomnotho ngendlela ekhethekile abethelwe esigxotsheni futhi uguqulwe, ngaleyo ndlela, ku ithuluzi lokufa. ngokucacile wayo kakhulu bubonisa ukuthi yayisetshenziswa kakhulu abalimi ngesikhathi izibhelu kwegazi, ngakho ngokuvamile ayenza ukuze kube nokuthula, kodwa neze ukuphila ezweni lula.

kwamagoda ongumlimi babé izikhali

Ngokokuqala ngqá ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi wezolimo ngenhloso lempi owaqala ekhulwini XIV. Ngokuvamile abalimi, ngesizathu esisodwa noma elinye ibutho reshivshiesya ukushintsha indlela emisiwe ukuphila, noma bephoqeleka ukuba kubonise kuhlasela izitha, okushintshiwe kwamagoda yabo. Ngokushintsha engela okunamathiselwe izingcezu insingo yokushefa ngokwenkambiso isigxobo noma umane nokuhlanganisa wawayisa-eksisi ezivamile nalo, bona izuzwe umphumela lapho insimbi ebulalayo baba izolo kwaba Amathe ngempela ayinangozi.

izikhali Melee, ngaleyo ndlela wadala, bekulokhu eziningi eziwusizo. Kwaba jikelele, beshesha, ngempumelelo, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - ezishibhile futhi okungabizi. Ngezinye izikhathi, esikhundleni ezivamile blade kwamagoda yanamathela kushaft shredding ngensimbi ummese noma zakhiwa ngokukhethekile blade esika nhlangothi zombili futhi athe lwalugobile.

Izikhali Swiss nabalimi Czech

Ngokokuqala ngqá ukusetshenziswa kwalesi uhlobo isikhali kuyakhulunywa ngokuqondene izimpi ezaholela abalimi eziningi cantons Swiss, khomba ekuhlaseleni Knights Austrian ezenzeka ngekhulu XIV bese ngokuphindaphindiwe kuvuselelwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka amathathu.

Lapho ekuqaleni kwekhulu xv ensimini ka eCzech Republic Kwagqashuka impi yenkolo kwaqala bezinguquko eholwa Yana Gusa (the ayekade engamaHussite wawakholisa), i-akuxhomekile main amabutho lalinabashumayeli abalimi obubusa izandla kwakungamadodana kwamagoda efanayo - isikhali wathatha kuzo zonke endlini.

Isikhathi izimpi ongumlimi

Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, lonke ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi Europe laligcwele igazi, siqhamukile ezintweni eziningi lesi sinqumo ngezizathu zezomnotho nezenkolo laqanjwa ngokuthi i-Great ongumlimi neMpi. Nalapha Amathe (izikhali) ngokuvamile ukunquma umphumela wezimpi, njengoba ibutho kwamaqembu alwayo abangu unomsebenzi ikakhulu abalimi abangakwazanga ukukhokhela izinhlobo ezibizayo kwezikhali.

eluka Iningi bokulwa, embukisweni namuhla ezindaweni zemibukiso kuwo wonke umhlaba, bahlehlela emuva XVI leminyaka, kodwa kukhona amakhophi sakamuva kakhulu. Omunye wabo eluka (izikhali), kanye ingeyamakhosi amalungu abezempi Prussian futhi, ngokuvumelana inhlamba ekhona kuwo, eyakhululwa ngo-1813. It kuyabonakala ku Dresden State Museum.

Ukuphela Ephakathi

Ngo ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, okungukuthi, isikhathi zomlando, okwakuwuphawu ingxoxo engenhla, nakho sekuyingxenye isikhali chithi saka ngesimo namathe, ingabe inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ngaphezulu - Glaive, noma Glewe. Kuhloswe ikakhulukazi ukulwa eduze futhi amelwe kushaft polutorometrovoe nge wanezela kuso flat, abukhali-okulinganiswa otochennye ubude mayelana 60 cm kanye ububanzi 7-10 cm.

Ukuvikela kushaft ekulimaleni, ke laligcwele izipikili noma zihambisana steel tape. Blade iloliwe, ngokuvamile ngesandla esisodwa kuphela, efike qeda engela bubheke steel emgogodleni. Nayo ungakwazi kubonise amagalelo asebenzelana ngu phezulu, kanye ukuphendula kubo, endaweni isibhakela enkulu ukushayisa abakuwo ngosiko kakhulu yezembatho zethu isitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba futhi elula ukweba Ibhiza lomgadi nge kakade phansi ibangela igalelo elibulalayo.

Ngakho Glaive, ivumela ukuba asisebenzisa njengoba lokuqobela, futhi wagxila ngokwanele isikhali esiyingozi. It kwakwandile kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kodwa ezidumile ikakhulukazi eFrance nase-Italy, lapho eseneminyaka lwemidlalo yabalindi udumo yazo zonke izikhulu eziphezulu zikahulumeni. Elapho, wabe yagcina ibe uhlobo olukhethekile halberd ngokuthi guisarme. Kujwayele wanikezwa Imibhobho esemzimbeni ezimbili - iqonde futhi engonxantathu - futhi sivumele leli sosha ukusebenzisa yelulela usiphule off isitha ne ihhashi.

Amkhafulele arsenal of the Cossacks

Kuyathakazelisa uphawule nokuthi ukulwa Amathe - isikhali, ngemva kwalokho lo mshini PHIKISA izizwe eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi okokuqala wafika ku arsenal of the Cossacks, iningi labo abalimi wangaphambili. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kuyafaneleka ngalokhu kugomela, kodwa akunakuphikwa ukuthi esikhathini Ukrainian National Liberation War of XVII-XVIII eminyaka omunye main kwaba nje isikhali.

Amkhafulele ukufa kwaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu e Berestechko impi esenzeka 1651 phakathi amaviyo Polish King Yana Kazimira futhi Cossacks Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo. Kuhle izinkumbulo gentry, etshela ukuthi ngokusebenzisa eluka bokulwa Cossacks kuphumelele nokuqalisa kakhulu ngempumelelo ukuzivikela futhi okwalandela esiphikisayo kuhlasela.

Eminyakeni yamuva, inani elikhulu ziphephile ezihlobene indima lezi zikhali empini ngenxa ukuzimela Ukraine, bavele amaqoqo Zaporizhzhya Museum zomlando. Bakha iqoqo ngokugcwele nokuphelele ibonisa nezikhathi ezahlukene ukukhiqiza kanye ngcono ukulwa eluka armourers yalesi sifunda.

Ukusebenzisa ukulwa kwamagoda eRussia

ERussia, umlando lolu hlobo isikhali lihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko lokhu kubhikisha eholwa UStepan Razin, bese Emelyan Pugachev. Ongumlimi futhi Cossack mass ezimweni zombili yangena epini behlome ngemibese lathathwa ipulazi zabo izinto - izimbazo, pitchforks futhi abukhali, reworked futhi sekuyizinto isikhali esesabekayo ezandleni zabo.

Futhi-ke, ingasaphathwa lokulwa namathe ezandleni edume impi yabashokobezi ka 1812, i-steel okuyizinto kahle ukukhumbula amasosha yebutho sikaNapoleon zibalekela ignominiously ezivela eRussia. Museum eMoscow abazinikele umlando wezenzakalo nobuqhawe, ungabona eminye imiklamo yabo yokuqala.

kosynierzy Polish

Nokho, mhlawumbe obanzi kunayo Amathe (izikhali) wathola ePoland. Ikakhulukazi ngokukhazimulayo kuwo yanikezwa phakathi ukuvukela Polish okubangelwa yesibili ukwahlukanisa yasePoland, okwenzeka ngo-1794. Khona-ke balwa amayunithi njalo yebutho isiRashiya, isi-Polish, abalimi Belarusian futhi Lithuanian kwakhiwa izindlu, abanazo abangu kuphela elwa kwamagoda nezinhlobo ahlobene izikhali bladed, zimele abethelwe phezu imimese kushaft nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi izindwani ezenziwe ekhaya. Amasosha zalamaqembu.I nabizelwa kosynierzy (emazwini "Amathe", "sika", njalo njalo. D.).

Ngokwezazi-mlando, kosynierzy kwaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu e Battle of Raclawice e-1794, lapho izihlubuki Tadeusha Kostyushko wahlangana kulwiwa amasosha kahulumeni. amayunithi abo, munye okuthiwa amaphoyisa Krakow kwawona ekuhlaseleni isitha, zikleliswe imigqa ezintathu, futhi ahlomile ukulwa kwamagoda, oqoshiwe futhi usike sengathi uphethe izinkemba nemikhonto, aziguqulwa namathuluzi okulima kunesidingo.

Emgqeni wokuqala babengamaqhawe, ayehlome ngezibhamu, kuyilapho lesibili nelesithathu - kwamagoda. Lapho imicibisholo kukhicite volley, ngokushesha ke zinhlanga ngemuva kosynierzy, ukumboza them ngenkathi they ukulayisha kabusha izikhali, ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakudinga isikhathi esithile.

A isibonelo esifanayo liphindwe ngesikhathi kubhikisha isiPolish 1830, lapho abaningi avamile elihamba Battalion lawa abehlome ngezibhamu abukhali. Ngokusho kubahlanganyeli lezo zenzakalo, elihamba isitha, kwenze abethela kuya insabule isibhamu, ayikwazanga simelane kosynierzy Melee, okubangela lokuqobela zalo ezinde futhi elisindayo etshekile futhi yelulela.

ukuguqulwa Japanese ukulwa Amathe

Njengoba inguqulo okhethekile eyaziwa-mlando sezempi IsiXhosa Japanese. Isikhali Kuthi sihluke kuleso okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla ngawo. Futhi, ngokuba ukuguqulwa zezolimo nokuqalisa, ke nokho uye washintsha eside. Okokuqala, ngisho ukwazana ngokudlulisa amehlo eshaya kushaft mfushane, okuyinto cishe ngesikhathi engeli ilungelo ikhaba unamathele. Lolu hlobo isikhali ngokuvamile obizwa nangokuthi isikela bokulwa.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo mklamo kunciphisa Isivinini emincane ukuhamba izikhali ngesikhathi nomthelela futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa amandla ayo ukubulala, kunikeza fighter maneuverability omkhulu futhi kwenza kube yingozi kakhulu empini eduze. Kwezinye izimo, ukuze abasebenzi ku-neketanga eside isananyathiselwe isisindo, untwisted ezingase inflict esindayo Smashing buhlungu.

Ukulwa Amathe - okuqondene onamandla nonesibindi

Okusesihlokweni esithi izithombe kwezikhali (kwamagoda kanye ukuhlela kabusha yabo) asivumela ukuba bamele bonke ukwehluka zinhlobo, okuyinto ngidalé gunsmiths izikhathi ezahlukene futhi amazwe kuncike ithuluzi ezivamile wezolimo. I abaseduze izihlobo kwamagoda akuzona guisarme kuphela, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kodwa futhi lokuvimbezela izindwani futhi mowers - lokulwa nezimfoloko.

Ukusetshenziswa empini saloluhlobo izikhali akazange aludingi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile - imishini ifa yayilula ngokwanele. Kwakudingekile ukuba abe namandla okukhuthazela, amandla omzimba, yebo, isabelo fair isibindi siyadingeka fighter kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhali yayiphethe.