Ukusakazwa kwezinto kule uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli

Cishe wonke wesikole uyazi ukuthi umjikelezo we daba uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, ephelezelwa noshintsho amandla ngesisekelo khona bemvelo noma yini ehlangene nakho. schematically kakhulu, lokhu umjikelezo kungenziwa kanje. Ngokwemvelo okwenzeka eziphilayo kudla imali enkulu izidubedube yesimo efanayo, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, efomini yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene emuva ku imvelo efanayo, kanjalo zakha, le wamabhayisikili ka daba uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Le nqubo ubizwa nangokuthi inqubo biogenic, bese ubeka ukugeleza isenzo sakhe emkhathini, lithosphere futhi hydrosphere. Cyclical futhi kuyaphindeka ukuguqulwa impahla imihlola ku imijikelezo ezahlukene yenza ukuba igama - umjikelezo.

Cishe abantu ngothi lwabo, izinto eziphilayo ezihilelekile kule mjikelezo. Ngokwesibonelo, izitshalo eziluhlaza uqede, okuyinto emoyeni, carbon dioxide, amaminerali nama-ezicezile imvelo umoya-mpilo.

Fauna uphefumule umoya-mpilo efanayo, okuyinto ezikhishwe izitshalo, futhi ngokudla lezi zitshalo, kwamukele babuye bavuselele izinto eziphuma ezintweni eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokufa zezitshalo nezilwane, izinsalela zabo okwenziwa ama-bacterium ahlukanisa ahlukahlukene ukwakha carbon dioxide nokuguqulwa organic compounds e ketshezi amaminerali.

Khona-ke nokusakazwa izakhi ezikulesi linganisa - inqubo ukuvula kanye ukufuduka izinto ukuqhutshwa emhlabathini, lapho ehlatshwa amaminerali, bese yena, amuncwa ezimileni. Ngamafuphi lokhu umjikelezo ezingeni le-athomu, kufanele kube isiphetho kahle elula - athomu lwamanye eyisisekelo kunazo ikhemikhali, enze inqubo eqhubeka ukufuduka, hhayi kuphela umzimba eyodwa kuya kwenye, kodwa komunye uhlobo imvelo kwenye - njalo samanje enhlabathini, umkhathi hydrosphere.

Isibalo imijikelezo ezinjalo cishe okungenamkhawulo, isibonelo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi e-oxygen asemkhathini e ngokwezinga layo ngokugcwele eminyakeni emibili nje encane ayizinkulungwane sidlula eziphilayo eziphilayo. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela esifanayo kwenza ne-carbon dioxide, kuphela ke umjikelezo kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi - iminyaka 200-300 kuphela. Njengengxenye yalolu hlelo, okuyinto umjikelezo we daba uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, umuntu umjikelezo kuphela indlela yokwelapha okuthiwa imijikelezo biogeochemical.

Yini kunqunywa le nqubo? Ngeshwa, oluphelele, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, egcwele izimpendulo kule mibuzo ingucha. Can thembeke bagomela ngokuthi esinye sezizathu esivuna isisetshenziswa izingqinamba kule planethi yethu. Enye okufana impendulo kungase sithembele izimfundiso Vernadsky omkhulu phezu kwezintaba uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; lapho ehlola khona inzuzo isikhala, okuyinto ngenxa nje kuphela ngebhayisikili kwendaba, kodwa futhi ushintshe umsindo okuqukethwe yonke. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi zonke izinhlobo imijikelezo, njengoba asizange okwasekhaya nabo isikhathi nendawo, babe ngento eyodwa kuzo zonke izindawo zabo. Bonke zixhumene ne izinqubo of amandla umzimba. Ekuqaleni, njengoba ngesisekelo umjikelezo, ke wenza Amandla elanga. It is ke ibe izinhlobo ezahlukene amandla wamakhemikhali nezibulala kugucuka ngokomzimba, kodwa ngoba sikwazi ukukhuluma umjikelezo we engaba namandla, isiboshwa ku uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Ukuzinza izinqubo energy kanye nokwelashwa ongizalayo isimo esiyinhloko isimo evamile oqine we uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.

Njengoba sekushiwo, omunye "akhuthele" iningi wesifunda carbon. Ukuba khona kwalesi sakhi cishe zonke izinto eziphilayo ngokunengqondo ichaza umjikelezo carbon ku uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Esikhathini inqubo ye-photosynthesis, imisebe ye-carbon assimilates kusukela Biosphere esishintshashintshayo izitshalo futhi iguqulwe ibe carbohydrate. Lapho kwezimila eziphilayo, inqubo siyachithwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho-ke ichithwa izinqolobane enkulu emjikelezweni carbon. Izinto eziyinhloko ukuthi sithole ukwelashwa carbon kukhona emishinini yokuphefumula kanye photosynthesis.

Futhi esinye sezici eziyinhloko kuzo zonke izinto eziphuma ezintweni eziphilayo kuyinto nitrogen. Lakhe, njengoba isakhi esibalulekile, aqukethe ATP, amaphrotheni, acid nucleic. Nitrogen equkethwe ngokuyinhloko emkhathini, futhi ifomula kwama-molecule ayo akuvumeli izitshalo ukuyisebenzisa ngqo. Ngakho-ke izitshalo kudle nitrogen njengoba izinto wezinto ezingaphili. Izindlela ngawo nitrogen enikeziwe emhlabathini noma amanzi, zihlukile, ngakho kunyatheliswa nitrogen kuhluka le uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izakhi ze-nitrogen kwakheka izinhlayiya zayo eziphumela emoyeni ngesikhathi nokuduma. Nge imvula noma ugijime-off ziya emfuleni, inhlabathi, ichibi, lapho ke zimuncwe yizimila.

Njengoba singabona, kuzo zonke izimo, izinto eziphilayo kukhona isisekelo ukwakheka izinto wesifunda uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.