Ukusika modi wokugaya. Izinhlobo Mills, ukubala isivinini ahlabayo

Enye indlela materials aqeda is wokugaya. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha zensimbi-non-metallic workpieces. Inqubo ukusebenza ilawulwa izimo ahlabayo.

Ingqikithi inqubo

Milling Kwenziwa ukuba roughing ezijulile futhi aliqede, ukwakha ebusweni iphrofayela ezithile (Izigatshana zezinyanga, anemifantu) ukusika namazinyo masondo toothed, balolonge izinguquko, vytachivaniya art imiklamo kanye lettering.

Ukusebenza ithuluzi - Milling umsiki - yenza ezinyakazayo main yokunyathelisa. Uphiko kuyinto Translational ukusuthisa isihlobo workpiece nenkambo yayo. Le nqubo ngakanye. Sici Its ezibaluleke kakhulu esihlukanisa kaphendukelanga futhi imishini - yokuthi izinyo ngamunye ehlukile. Kule ndaba, elinesimo ukushaqeka ngaye. Nciphisa umthelela wabo kungenzeka ekubukeni sokuhlolela okunengqondo isimo futhi ukukhethwa izindlela.

imiqondo Eziyisisekelo we imishini yokugaya

Kuye ngokuthi lakhiwe kanjani ilungiselelo othini lokuphotha kanye obandayo wokusika kuwo, kusukela izinhlobo imisebenzi eyenziwa futhi izindlela zokuphatha, ukukhomba izinhlobo core imishini yokugaya:

• ovundlile;
• mpo;
• jikelele;
• CNC Milling imishini.

Amayunithi eziyisisekelo mpo yasungula umshini wokugaya:

1. Uhlaka, okuyinto iyisonto ukudluliswa, elawula ukujikeleza lokuphotha ukukhwezwa thwi futhi bezihlahla ukukhwezwa kwalo.
2. Ithebula ehlanganisa console nge Polozkov transverse zokuthola futhi ezihambayo workpiece futhi ibhokisi ukufunza elawula ukunyakaza okuphakelayo.

I ovundlile umshini wokugaya thuluzi labetibambile nendawo. A jikelele izinhlobonhlobo eziningana.

Kukhona imishini jikelele ovundlile, esibonakala by ukutholakala etafuleni ukusebenza futhi ngaleyo ndlela bandise umsebenzi kungenzeka kwenziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona Shirokouniversalny kokuba e oyiyo kokubili uthi lokuphotha futhi ivumela zonke izinhlobo wokugaya.

CNC imishini yokugaya zihlukaniswa isofthiwe nokulawula ikhompyutha. Ahloselwe ukwelashwa bokubeka izikhala, kuhlanganise ku-3D-format.

Ukwahlukaniswa Mills

Mills - kudivayisi ahlabayo. izici Basic ngokomzimba ngazo kulinganiswa ukuphakama, ububanzi, ubungako kanye chamfer zatylovaniya, isinyathelo circumferential. Kukhona ezihlukahlukene omkhulu wabo, basakazwa ngokuvumelana nezimfuno ehlukahlukene:

• uhlobo evele okwenziwa (I-ipulangwe, ipulasitiki, insimbi, izinsimbi nonferrous, njll);
• bebheke ukujikeleza ukunyakaza - futhi Kwesokunxele pravorezhuschih sika;
• kuncike tesakhiwo - okuqinile, brazed, alo (babe Ukufakwa izindwani) ashiselwe;
• umumo: oyindilinga, cylindrical, disk;
• kuye ngokuthi izimo yokusebenza kanye nezidingo kungxenye ahlabayo, kungenzeka ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa: i-carbon ithuluzi futhi high speed steel (Ingxubevange nge okuqukethwe eliphezulu tungsten) Carbide (eliqinile le - roughing, nemihuzuko - yokuqedela). Rasprostraneny embodiments, lapho izindlu senziwa carbon steel noma okusezingeni eliphezulu steel ijubane, imimese - Carbide faka;
• kuye ngokuthi isicelo: cylindrical, ekupheleni, ekupheleni, wamnquma, ukusika futhi okwenyanga.

Izici eziningi ulwazi: indaba ka onqenqemeni nenjongo ahlabayo.

Izinhlobo Izigayo ngoba esipara

Ukuze asuse izici zenyama izindiza ovundlile, mpo noma enalokho kuthambekela kukhona ukusetshenziswa cylindrical futhi ekupheleni Mills.

Ithuluzi uhlobo lokuqala kungenzeka ebalulekile nge igobolondo noma imimese. Elikhulu elilodwa-piece Milling Imibhobho esemzimbeni zenzelwe roughing nezincane - I-kokuphothula. Plug-in alo imimese ikhanda ahlabayo bangase kwenziwe ephezulu steel ijubane noma ifakwe amapuleti metal kanzima. Carbide bezihlahla abe umkhiqizo nezosuku eyenziwe elixutshiwe steel ingxubevange.

Eqonda isetshenziswa elongate izindiza, amazinyo ayo zabiwa ku ubuso sekupheleni. ukusonga elikhulu esetshenziselwa izindiza ezinkulu. By the way, ukususa chips nzima ukucubungula izinsimbi refractory ngempela khona Carbide imimese. Ukusebenzisa lezi amaqembu amathuluzi Milling kudingeka ububanzi enkulu yobude umkhiqizo.

Izinhlobo amathuluzi ubuciko Milling

Ukuze sinikeze impahla iphrofayela ethile, isicelo iphethini kumiswa asetshenziswa imigodi kunalokho emincane futhi ekupheleni disc yokugaya Imibhobho esemzimbeni.

Isikhumulo noma Milling grooving ukusabalala ukusika anemifantu, emincane futhi izindiza lwalugobile. Bonke - eyodwa isiqeshana noma ashiselwe, ingxenye cutting of high speed steel ingxubevange, kungaba tverdosplav is tho, futhi umzimba wenziwe carbon steel. Kube malozahodnye (1-3 Kuvunguza) futhi amaningi (4 noma ngaphezulu). Isetshenziselwa CNC umshini amathuluzi.

Idiski - ibuye grooving bezihlahla. Kuyinto esebenzayo grooving, anemifantu, ukusika amazinyo kwi amagiya.

Art Milling Kwenziwa zokhuni, metal, PVC.

Izinhlobo bezihlahla ngoba edging

Ukususa swarf livela ezimpondweni, ebanikeza ifomu okunengqondo, yokumodela, ngokwahlukana ezingxenyeni workpiece ezingase zithathwe usebenzisa slotted, emincane futhi okwenyanga Milling Imibhobho esemzimbeni:

1. Sika Slotted futhi inomsebenzi efanayo ukuthi we disk, kodwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukusikeka kanye uhlukanisa izingxenye ezingadingekile material.
2. Angle iyadingeka ukuze emaphethelweni namakhona izingxenye. Kukhona owodwa engela (okukodwa kuphela ahlabayo ingxenye) kanye dvuhuglovye (isiqeda kukhona kokubili evele oyindilinga).
3. Shaped esetshenziselwa imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kungenzeka ongaphambili omise noma ngilugweda. Ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukusika iphrofayli ompompi, reamers, twist sokuzivivinya.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo kungenzeka lonke ukwakhiwa ngensimbi noma foldable, ne nokuba khona imimese faka Carbide. Carbide bezihlahla babe izinga ephakeme kanye nokusebenza ubude bayo ngoba ithuluzi iyonke.

Ukwahlukaniswa izinhlobo Milling

Kunezinhlobo eziningana, okuyinto ukwabelana izinhlobo yokugaya:

• ilungiselelo Uthi lokuphotha ngokuvumelana indlela futhi yokugaya, ngokulandelana, enezingqimba futhi mpo;
• kokuqondisa yezokuvakasha, phezu counter kanyekanye;
• kuye ngokuthi ithuluzi uMbhalo, mechanical, isikhunta, ukuphela.

I processing cylindrical kusebenza izindiza ovundlile esebenzisa bezihlahla abafanele ku imishini ovundlile.

Ubuso Milling angabhekwa jikelele. Kuyinto esebenza zonke izinhlobo izindiza ovundlile, mpo futhi bathanda ngempela ukufunda.

I yokuqedela ekupheleni kuqinisekisa kumiswa iphurofayili oyifunayo ka anemifantu lwalugobile, sokuzivivinya kanye namadivayisi.

ukucutshungulwa Shaped wenziwa ngoba evele ukumisa eziyinkimbinkimbi: emakhoneni, imiphetho, anemifantu, ukusika amazinyo amagiya.

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lomsebenzi eyenziwa futhi kusetshenzwe izinto, umphumela kumelwe ube olubushelelezi eziphakeme ungqimba aliqede, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya igawula, ngobuciko yokuqedela. Ukuze uthole indawo sekugcineni ahlanzekile kubalulekile ukulawula isamba supply isihlobo workpiece ukuba ithuluzi.

Counter futhi Umqansa Milling

Lapho metal esiphikisayo ezifana Milling - ingenalutho sidla maqondana umlomo wombhobho ukunyakaza ukujikeleza. Kulokhu, amazinyo kancane kancane uthathe isizinda ziphathwe, umthwalo anda ngokulingana eqondile nombala. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba ugxumela ingxenye ngezinyo, isikhathi esithile wela, ukwakha ukuqina. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ngesivinini ophumayo yokugaya kusukela isimo msebenzi. Isetshenziselwa roughing.

Lapho uhlobo ehambisana ka - workpiece sidla kanye ithuluzi ukunyakaza ukujikeleza. Amazinyo ukusebenza ngaphansi esikhulu ukushaqeka imithwalo. Amandla e-10% ngaphansana ngesikhathi yokugaya okuphambene. It kwenziwe lapho kokuqeda imininingwane.

Umqondo oyinhloko nokugaya ku imishini CNC

Basuke izimpawu ngezinga eliphezulu ezishintshayo, ukucacisa ukusebenza inqubo, umkhiqizo aphezulu. Milling nge NC lathe Kwenziwa ngokuvamile esebenzisa noma ekugcineni ukuphela Mills.

Kugcine - esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngakho, kuye ngokuthi indaba kusetshenzwe, obumba okuhambisanayo uhlobo chips esibekiwe nemingcele isofthiwe isebenzisa endmills ezahlukene. Basuke ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka isibalo okufakiwe lemiklamo okuyinto ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala Ukuqhamuka futhi kanavny chip ukususwa.

Izinto nge chips ububanzi uyelulekwa nepepper ngamathuluzi inombolo encane okufakiwe. Ukuze sesakhiwe shavings nge isici kink Milling ithuluzi kufanele kukhethwe kusukela inqwaba ethandelayo.

Ukusetshenziswa Milling bezihlahla yemishini CNC

Malozahodnye bezihlahla ngoba CNC ungaba kusuka eyodwa kuya kwemithathu emaphethelweni ukusika. Zisetshenziswa zibe yizinkuni, epulasitikini, inhlanganisela ezithambile ductile metal ezidinga ukususwa okusheshayo a chips ububanzi. Basuke esetshenziselwa roughing izikhala, ezingalotshwanga ukubeka izimfuno eliphezulu. Ukuze leli thuluzi haraktrena umthamo elincane, ukuqina ongaphakeme.

Ukusebenzisa ubuciko-filar eyenziwa alumina wokugaya.

Kabanzi esetshenzisiwe likaNkulunkulu futhi trehzahodnye esigungwini. Zinikeza ephakeme amagugu ukuqina, ukususwa qualitative chips ivumela ukusebenza izinsimbi of ubulukhuni naphakathi (isib ngensimbi).

Multiple-bezihlahla ngoba CNC zingaphezu 4 ukusika emaphethelweni. Isetshenziselwa naphakathi metal kanye ubulukhuni okusezingeni eliphezulu, izimpawu shavings emihle futhi ukumelana. Bona inamathela ukusebenza eside, zisebenza kuwo kokuqeda kanye lulwimi yokuqedela futhi ayakhelwe ukusebenza izinto ezithambile.

Ukuze ukhethe amathuluzi lesifanele yemishini CNC kubalulekile ukucabangela ukusika modi yokugaya, kanye zonke izici workpiece.

ukuzisika Izimo

Ukuqinisekisa ilungelo izinga nepepper ungqimba kubalulekile ukuchaza kahle futhi silondoloze edingekayo nemingcele lobuchwepheshe. Izinkomba main, uchaza futhi ulawula inqubo yokugaya, izindlela wokusebenza.

Ukubalwa ukusika izimo lapho Milling Kwenziwa izici eziyinhloko:

1. Ukujula (t, mm) - ukushuba ibhola metallic ukuthi isuswe omunye unhlangothi. It is akhethiwe ikhumbula angabonelela ukucubungula. ukusebenza Rough lwenziwa pass eyodwa. Uma nesabelo mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 5 mm, Milling wenziwa maqembu amaningi, lapho owokugcina ukuhamba-1 mm.
2. Ububanzi (B, mm) - ububanzi ebusweni ukwelashwa isiqondiso perpendicular ukunyakaza yokudla.
3. Ukuhanjiswa (S) - ubude isihlobo workpiece ukuze eksisi ithuluzi.

Thola imiqondo eziningana ezihlobene:

• Okuphakelayo izinyo ngayinye (S _z, mm / izinyo) - ekuhleleni kabusha izingxenye lapho ujikelezisa umsiki kude komunye izinyo ekusebenzeni olandelayo.
• Okuphakelayo revolution ngasinye (S _mayelana, mm / rev) - isakhiwo ezihambayo kwelinye revolution ephelele Milling umlomo wombhobho.
• Okuphakelayo ngomzuzu (S _imiz, mm / iminithi) - ezibalulekile ngesikhathi Milling ahlabayo imodi.

Ubuhlobo babo Kumiswa matematematicheski:

S = S _{imiz ka * n = S z * z *} n,

lapho z - sesibalo samazinyo;

n - imvamisa lokuphotha ukujikisa, imiz ^-1.

Ngo izinga okuphakelayo kunomthelela Izakhiwo nezobuchwepheshe endaweni iphathwa, amandla ithuluzi nokusebenza Element.

Ukubalwa isivinini ahlabayo

Njengoba okuzisholo ipharamitha ethatha ibalwa degree lokuphotha inzuzo ngokushesha. Okwangempela isivinini V, m / imiz kuncike ububanzi wokusika futhi ukuvama ukunyakaza ligijima:

V = (π * D * n) / 1000

Milling ithuluzi ijubane ukujikeleza kunqunywa:

n = (1000 * V) / (π * D)

Ukuba ulwazi okuphakelayo ngomzuzu, ungakwazi ukunquma isikhathi adingekayo ukulungiswa c Ubude L:

T ₀ = L / S _imiz

Ukubalwa ukusika izimo ngesikhathi Milling futhi ukufakwa yabo uqobo umsebenzi umshini ngaphambi ukulungiswa. Ukusungula imingcele enengqondo kuchazwa, ikhumbula izici nethuluzi kanye impahla workpiece, inikeza ukhiqizwe kakhulu.

Amathiphu sokunquma izindlela

Akunakwenzeka ukukhetha ekahle ukusika nemibandela yokugaya, kodwa kungenziwa baqondiswe izimiso eziyisisekelo:

1. Desirably, ububanzi umsiki sifana lokucubungula ukujula. Lolu chungechunge luyonikeza olulodwa pass ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Lapha isici main - material. Ukuze esithambile futhi, lesi simiso akusebenzi - kukhona ingozi cut, mkhulu kunokhalo kunesidingo.
2. Shock futhi vibration izinqubo azinakugwenywa. Kule ndaba, ukwandisa okuphakelayo izinga amagugu kuholela ukuze wehlise. Ngokufanele uqale nge okuphakelayo izinyo 0.15 mm / izinyo ngayinye, futhi inqubo - alawule.
3. Imvamisa ukujikeleza ithuluzi akufanele kwenzeke. Kungenjalo kukhona ingozi ukunciphisa ijubane ahlabayo. Kungase kwandise nokwanda ububanzi umsiki.
4. Ukwandisa ubude ingxenye zokusebenza wokusika yokugaya, okuthandayo inani elikhulu namazinyo kuyehla umkhiqizo nokucubungula izinga.
5. Amanani lesilinganisiwe velocities wempahla ezahlukene:

• aluminium - 200-400 m / iminithi;
• Bronze - 90-150 m / iminithi;
• Insimbi engagqwali - 50-100 m / iminithi;
• Plastics - 100-200 m / imiz.

Kungcono ukuqala nge ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha, futhi inqubo ukulungisa ukuze uhlangothi emincane noma emikhulu.

ukusika imodi lapho ewachitha kubalulekile ukunquma izibalo hhayi kuphela noma ngokusebenzisa amatafula ekhethekile. Ukukhetha kahle futhi ufake amasethingi eliphezulu umshini futhi amathuluzi adingekayo ezidingekayo usebenza ezinye izici nalabakufundze emphilweni.