Ukuvela isimo Russian lasendulo

Ukukhomba isikhathi, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukuvela isimo Russian lasendulo, kunzima kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lo mcimbi kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe kwenkathi ende ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ubudlelwane tribal emiphakathini abahlala East European Plain.

Kakade yokuqala yeminyaka AD insimu ka ikusasa Russia ekuqaleni ukuthuthukisa izizwe Slavic wezolimo. Ngekhulu lesihlanu, inqubo obumba emphakathini kwamangqamuzana kwezenhlalo, kwakhiwa ezimbalwa kweshumi principalities ngabanye noma izinyunyana. Kwaba uhlobo zezombusazwe union, okuyinto kamuva ashintshwa aba inceku noma ekuqaleni kuka izinduna isimo. Kusukela "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" nokwaziwa indawo negama wokubusa. Ngakho, ukuhlanzwa wahlala eduze Kiev, radzimichy - ngomfula Sozh, northerners - e Chernigov, vyatichi - eduze koMfula Oka, Dregovichi matasa Minsk futhi Brest esifundeni, Krivichi - emzini Smolensk, Pskov futhi Tver, drevlyans - Polesie. Ngaphezu the Slavic izizwe East European ethafeni ohlala protobalty (okhokho Estonia futhi Latvians) kanye Finno-Ugric abantu.

Ngekhulu leminyaka lesikhombisa, akha izinhlangano zezombusazwe ezinzile, kukhona imizi - izikhungo principalities. Ngakho lapho Novgorod, Kiev, Polotsk, Chernigov, Smolensk, Izborsk, Turov. Ezinye izazi-mlando bavame ukucabanga ukuthi ukubonakala Old isimo Russian kumiswa le mizi. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kuyiqiniso. Nokho, ekuqaleni kwawo-isimo izinduna elinefomu monarchical kahulumeni kukhona kwesikhashana, ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye langaba mabili.

Ukuvela nokuthuthukisa Old isimo Russian eMpumalanga Slavic abantu exhumene kumila lwamakhosi elibusayo. Kusukela indaba imithombo ukuthi 862 ngonyaka Novgorod wokubusa Prince Rurik. Ngonyaka 882 kukhona inyunyana izikhungo ezimbili ezinkulu aseNingizimu naseNyakatho Russia (Kiev and Novgorod) esimweni esisodwa. Entsha inhlangano zokuphatha-indawo wabizwa ngokuthi Kievan Rus. Prince Oleg ebe umbusi walo wokuqala. Phakathi nale nkathi, kukhona ama-apharathasi isimo, oda namandla nobukhosi kwesikhulu iba kungumsebenzi sitholwa njengefa. Ngakho kukhona ukuvela isimo Russian lasendulo.

Kamuva ukuhanjiswa Kievan Rus babe nezinye izizwe Slavic: northerners drevlyans, Ulichi, radzimichy, vyatichi, Tivertsy, evulekile, njll

Izazimlando zivame ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi ukuvela isimo Russian lasendulo kwakubangelwa ukukhula okunamandla ukuhweba kanye nobudlelwane kwezomnotho. Iqiniso liwukuthi, mfula owawugobhoza emazweni East Slavic abantu, okuyinto edume ngokuthi "kusukela amaViking amaGreki." Nguye ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile e ndawonye principalities ezimbili ukuze kuzuzwe iminqopho ezivamile kwezomnotho.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Old isimo Russian kwakufanele avikele indawo ekuhlaseleni kusukela ngaphandle ukuqaliswa esebenzayo inqubomgomo angaphandle orientation wezempi (imikhankaso ngokumelene eByzantium, kokunqotshwa kwe Khazars, kanye nabanye.).

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla Kievan Rus ' ewela wokubusa Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile. Le nkathi libhekene khona wamanje ohlelweni lokubusa. Ngaphansi kokubusa kwesikhulu kwaba squad kanye boyars. Wayefanele inelungelo lokuqoka posadniks (emadolobheni elawulwa), umbusi, Mytnikov (icala ukuhweba izimali), nemingenela (okuqoqa intela ezweni). Ngesisekelo imibuso umphakathi wasendulo kwakufanele izakhamizi emakhaya nasemadolobheni.

Ukuvela isimo - inqubo eside ngokungenakulinganiswa neyinkimbinkimbi ngokungaphezulu. Kievan Rus kwaba heterogeneous ngokuya Ukwakheka yobuhlanga, kuyinto sezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Kanye imiphakathi Slavic, futhi ihlanganisa Baltic nezizwana Finnish. Bese Old ubuzwe Russian inikezwe ukukhula nokuthuthuka bezizwe ezintathu Slavic: Ukraine, Belarusians futhi Russian.